lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter06/groff.xml

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  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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<sect1 id="ch-system-groff" role="wrap">
  <?dbhtml filename="groff.html"?>

  <title>Groff-&groff-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff">
    <primary sortas="a-Groff">Groff</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title/>

    <para>The Groff package contains programs for processing and formatting
    text.</para>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>0.5 SBU</seg>
        <seg>38.7 MB</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Groff</title>

    <para>Apply the patch that adds the <quote>ascii8</quote> and
    <quote>nippon</quote> devices to Groff:</para>

<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&groff-debian-patch;</userinput></screen>

    <note>
      <para>These devices are used by Man-DB when formatting non-English manual
      pages that are not in the ISO-8859-1 encoding. Currently, there is no
      working patch for Groff-1.19.x that adds this functionality.</para>
      <!-- Details: http://bugs.debian.org/196762 -->
    </note>

    <para>Many screen fonts don't have Unicode single quotes and dashes in them.
    Tell Groff to use the ASCII equivalents instead:</para>

<screen><userinput>sed -i -e 's/2010/002D/' -e 's/2212/002D/' \
    -e 's/2018/0060/' -e 's/2019/0027/' font/devutf8/R.proto</userinput></screen>

    <para>Groff expects the environment variable <envar>PAGE</envar> to
    contain the default paper size. For users in the United States,
    <parameter>PAGE=letter</parameter> is appropriate. Elsewhere,
    <parameter>PAGE=A4</parameter> may be more suitable. While the default
    paper size is configured during compilation, it can be overridden later
    by echoing either <quote>A4</quote> or <quote>letter</quote> to the
    <filename>/etc/papersize</filename> file.</para>

    <para>Prepare Groff for compilation:</para>

<screen><userinput>PAGE=<replaceable>&lt;paper_size&gt;</replaceable> ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-multibyte</userinput></screen>

    <para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>

    <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>

    <para>Install the package:</para>

<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>

    <para>Some documentation programs, such as <command>xman</command>,
    will not work properly without the following symlinks:</para>

<screen><userinput>ln -sv eqn /usr/bin/geqn
ln -sv tbl /usr/bin/gtbl</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="contents-groff" role="content">
  <title>Contents of Groff</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>addftinfo, afmtodit, eqn, eqn2graph, geqn (link to eqn), grn,
        grodvi, groff, groffer, grog, grolbp, grolj4, grops, grotty, gtbl
        (link to tbl), hpftodit, indxbib, lkbib, lookbib, mmroff, neqn,
        nroff, pfbtops, pic, pic2graph, post-grohtml, pre-grohtml, refer,
        soelim, tbl, tfmtodit, and troff</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="addftinfo">
        <term><command>addftinfo</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Reads a troff font file and adds some additional font-metric
          information that is used by the <command>groff</command> system</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff addftinfo">
            <primary sortas="b-addftinfo">addftinfo</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="afmtodit">
        <term><command>afmtodit</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates a font file for use with <command>groff</command> and
          <command>grops</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff afmtodit">
            <primary sortas="b-afmtodit">afmtodit</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="eqn">
        <term><command>eqn</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Compiles descriptions of equations embedded within troff
          input files into commands that are understood by
          <command>troff</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff eqn">
            <primary sortas="b-eqn">eqn</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="eqn2graph">
        <term><command>eqn2graph</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts a troff EQN (equation) into a cropped image</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff eqn2graph">
            <primary sortas="b-eqn2graph">eqn2graph</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="geqn">
        <term><command>geqn</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A link to <command>eqn</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff geqn">
            <primary sortas="b-geqn">geqn</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="grn">
        <term><command>grn</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A <command>groff</command> preprocessor for gremlin files</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grn">
            <primary sortas="b-grn">grn</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="grodvi">
        <term><command>grodvi</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A driver for <command>groff</command> that produces TeX dvi
          format</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grodvi">
            <primary sortas="b-grodvi">grodvi</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="groff">
        <term><command>groff</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A front-end to the groff document formatting system; normally, it
          runs the <command>troff</command> program and a post-processor
          appropriate for the selected device</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff groff">
            <primary sortas="b-groff">groff</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="groffer">
        <term><command>groffer</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays groff files and man pages on X and tty terminals</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff groffer">
            <primary sortas="b-groffer">groffer</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="grog">
        <term><command>grog</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Reads files and guesses which of the <command>groff</command>
          options <option>-e</option>, <option>-man</option>, <option>-me</option>,
          <option>-mm</option>, <option>-ms</option>, <option>-p</option>,
          <option>-s</option>, and <option>-t</option> are required for printing
          files, and reports the <command>groff</command> command including those
          options</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grog">
            <primary sortas="b-grog">grog</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="grolbp">
        <term><command>grolbp</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is a <command>groff</command> driver for Canon CAPSL printers
          (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser printers)</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolbp">
            <primary sortas="b-grolbp">grolbp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="grolj4">
        <term><command>grolj4</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is a driver for <command>groff</command> that produces output
          in PCL5 format suitable for an HP LaserJet 4 printer</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolj4">
            <primary sortas="b-grolj4">grolj4</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="grops">
        <term><command>grops</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to
          PostScript</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grops">
            <primary sortas="b-grops">grops</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="grotty">
        <term><command>grotty</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> into
          a form suitable for typewriter-like devices</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grotty">
            <primary sortas="b-grotty">grotty</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="gtbl">
        <term><command>gtbl</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A link to <command>tbl</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff gtbl">
            <primary sortas="b-gtbl">gtbl</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="hpftodit">
        <term><command>hpftodit</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates a font file for use with <command>groff -Tlj4</command>
          from an HP-tagged font metric file</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff hpftodit">
            <primary sortas="b-hpftodit">hpftodit</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="indxbib">
        <term><command>indxbib</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates an inverted index for the bibliographic databases with a
          specified file for use with <command>refer</command>,
          <command>lookbib</command>, and <command>lkbib</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff indxbib">
            <primary sortas="b-indxbib">indxbib</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lkbib">
        <term><command>lkbib</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Searches bibliographic databases for references that contain
          specified keys and reports any references found</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff lkbib">
            <primary sortas="b-lkbib">lkbib</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="lookbib">
        <term><command>lookbib</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Prints a prompt on the standard error (unless the standard input
          is not a terminal), reads a line containing a set of keywords from the
          standard input, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified file
          for references containing those keywords, prints any references found
          on the standard output, and repeats this process until the end of
          input</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff lookbib">
            <primary sortas="b-lookbib">lookbib</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="mmroff">
        <term><command>mmroff</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A simple preprocessor for <command>groff</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff mmroff">
            <primary sortas="b-mmroff">mmroff</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="neqn">
        <term><command>neqn</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Formats equations for American Standard Code for Information
          Interchange (ASCII) output</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff neqn">
            <primary sortas="b-neqn">neqn</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="nroff">
        <term><command>nroff</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A script that emulates the <command>nroff</command> command
          using <command>groff</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff nroff">
            <primary sortas="b-nroff">nroff</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pfbtops">
        <term><command>pfbtops</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Translates a PostScript font in <filename
          class="extension">.pfb</filename> format to ASCII</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pfbtops">
            <primary sortas="b-pfbtops">pfbtops</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pic">
        <term><command>pic</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Compiles descriptions of pictures embedded within troff or
          TeX input files into commands understood by TeX or
          <command>troff</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pic">
            <primary sortas="b-pic">pic</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pic2graph">
        <term><command>pic2graph</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts a PIC diagram into a cropped image</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pic2graph">
            <primary sortas="b-pic2graph">pic2graph</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="post-grohtml">
        <term><command>post-grohtml</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to
          HTML</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff post-grohtml">
            <primary sortas="b-post-grohtml">post-grohtml</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pre-grohtml">
        <term><command>pre-grohtml </command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to
          HTML</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pre-grohtml">
            <primary sortas="b-pre-grohtml">pre-grohtml</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="refer">
        <term><command>refer</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Copies the contents of a file to the standard output, except
          that lines between <emphasis>.[</emphasis> and <emphasis>.]</emphasis>
          are interpreted as citations, and lines between <emphasis>.R1</emphasis>
          and <emphasis>.R2</emphasis> are interpreted as commands for how
          citations are to be processed</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff refer">
            <primary sortas="b-refer">refer</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="soelim">
        <term><command>soelim</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Reads files and replaces lines of the form <emphasis>.so
          file</emphasis> by the contents of the mentioned
          <emphasis>file</emphasis></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff soelim">
            <primary sortas="b-soelim">soelim</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="tbl">
        <term><command>tbl</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff input
          files into commands that are understood by
          <command>troff</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff tbl">
            <primary sortas="b-tbl">tbl</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="tfmtodit">
        <term><command>tfmtodit</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Creates a font file for use with <command>groff
          -Tdvi</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff tfmtodit">
            <primary sortas="b-tfmtodit">tfmtodit</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="troff">
        <term><command>troff</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is highly compatible with Unix <command>troff</command>; it
          should usually be invoked using the <command>groff</command> command,
          which will also run preprocessors and post-processors in the
          appropriate order and with the appropriate options</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff troff">
            <primary sortas="b-troff">troff</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>