lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter02/hostreqs.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  %general-entities;
]>

<sect1 id="pre-hostreqs">
  <?dbhtml filename="hostreqs.html"?>

  <title>宿主系统需求</title>

    <!--para>Your host system should have the following software with the
    minimum versions indicated. This should not be an issue for most
    modern Linux distributions. Also note that many distributions will
    place software headers into separate packages, often in the form of
    <quote>&lt;package-name&gt;-devel</quote> or
    <quote>&lt;package-name&gt;-dev</quote>. Be sure to install those if
    your distribution provides them.</para-->
	<para>您的宿主系统必须拥有下列软件，且版本不能低于我们给出的最低版本。
		对于大多数现代 Linux 发行版来说这不成问题。要注意的是，
		很多发行版会把软件的头文件放在单独的软件包中，这些软件包的名称往往是
		<quote>&lt;package-name&gt;-devel</quote> 或者
		<quote>&lt;package-name&gt;-dev</quote>。
		如果您的发行版为下列软件提供了这类软件包，一定要安装它们。</para>

   <!--para>Earlier versions of the listed software packages may work, but have
   not been tested.</para-->
   <para>比下列最低版本更古老的版本可能正常工作，但作者没有进行测试。</para>

  <itemizedlist spacing="compact">

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Bash-3.2</emphasis> (/bin/sh
      必须是到 bash 的符号链接或硬连接)</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Binutils-2.25</emphasis> (比
      	&binutils-version; 更新的版本未经测试，不推荐使用)</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Bison-2.7</emphasis> (/usr/bin/yacc
      必须是到 bison 的链接，或者是一个执行 bison 的小脚本)</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Bzip2-1.0.4</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Coreutils-6.9</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Diffutils-2.8.1</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Findutils-4.2.31</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Gawk-4.0.1</emphasis> (/usr/bin/awk
      必须是到 gawk 的链接)</para>
    </listitem>

    <!-- glibc-2.30 requires gcc-6.2 or later -->
    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">GCC-6.2</emphasis> 包括 C++
      编译器, <command>g++</command> (比 &gcc-version; 更新的版本未经测试，
      不推荐使用)</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Glibc-2.11</emphasis> (比
      &glibc-version; 更新的版本未经测试，不推荐使用)</para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Grep-2.5.1a</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Gzip-1.3.12</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Linux Kernel-&min-kernel;</emphasis></para>

      <!--para>The reason for the kernel version requirement is that we specify
      that version when building <application>glibc</application> in Chapter&nbsp;6
      at the recommendation of the developers.  It is also required by
	  udev.</para-->
      <para>内核版本的要求是为了符合
		  <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/> 中编译
		  <application>glibc</application> 时开发者推荐的配置选项。
		  udev 也要求一定的内核版本。</para>

      <!--para>If the host kernel is earlier than &min-kernel; you will need to replace
      the kernel with a more up to date version. There are two ways
      you can go about this. First, see if your Linux vendor provides a &min-kernel;
      or later kernel package. If so, you may wish to install it. If your
      vendor doesn't offer an acceptable kernel package, or you would prefer not to
      install it, you can compile a kernel yourself. Instructions for
      compiling the kernel and configuring the boot loader (assuming the host
      uses GRUB) are located in <xref linkend="chapter-bootable"/>.</para-->
    <para>如果宿主内核比 &min-kernel; 更早，您需要将内核升级到较新的版本。
		升级内核有两种方法，如果您的发行版供应商提供了 &min-kernel;
		或更新的内核软件包，您可以直接安装它。
		如果供应商没有提供一个足够新的内核包，或者您不想安装它，
		您可以自己编译内核。编译内核和配置启动引导器 (假设宿主使用 GRUB)
		的步骤在 <xref linkend="chapter-bootable"/> 中。</para>

    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">M4-1.4.10</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Make-4.0</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Patch-2.5.4</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Perl-5.8.8</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Python-3.4</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Sed-4.1.5</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Tar-1.22</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Texinfo-4.7</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

    <listitem>
      <para><emphasis role="strong">Xz-5.0.0</emphasis></para>
    </listitem>

  </itemizedlist>

  <important>
    <!--para>Note that the symlinks mentioned above are required to build an LFS
    system using the instructions contained within this book. Symlinks that
    point to other software (such as dash, mawk, etc.) may work, but are not
    tested or supported by the LFS development team, and may require either
    deviation from the instructions or additional patches to some
    packages.</para-->
	<para>上面要求的符号链接是根据本书构建 LFS 的充分条件，不是必要条件。
		链接指向其他软件 (如 dash 或 mawk 等) 可能不会引发问题，但 LFS
		开发团队没有尝试过这种做法，也无法提供帮助。对于一些软件包来说，
		您可能需要修改本书中的指令或者使用额外的补丁，
		才能在这类宿主环境成功构建。</para>
  </important>

  <!-- Use an empty sect2 element to prevent a pdf warning.  -->
  <bridgehead renderas="sect2" 
              id="version-check" 
              xreflabel="宿主需求检查">
  </bridgehead>
  <!--<title> </title>-->

  <!--para >To see whether your host system has all the appropriate versions, and
  the ability to compile programs, run the following:</para-->
  <para>为了确定您的宿主系统拥有每个软件的合适版本，且能够编译程序，
	  请运行下列脚本。</para>

<!-- ANY additional lines in the script cause a pdf rendering problem-->
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; version-check.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/bash
# Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
export LC_ALL=C
bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
MYSH=$(readlink -f /bin/sh)
echo "/bin/sh -&gt; $MYSH"
echo $MYSH | grep -q bash || echo "ERROR: /bin/sh does not point to bash"
unset MYSH

echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
bison --version | head -n1

if [ -h /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
  echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
  echo yacc is `/usr/bin/yacc --version | head -n1`
else
  echo "yacc not found" 
fi

bzip2 --version 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt; /dev/null | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1,6-
echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
diff --version | head -n1
find --version | head -n1
gawk --version | head -n1

if [ -h /usr/bin/awk ]; then
  echo "/usr/bin/awk -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/awk ]; then
  echo awk is `/usr/bin/awk --version | head -n1`
else 
  echo "awk not found" 
fi

gcc --version | head -n1
g++ --version | head -n1
ldd --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-  # glibc version
grep --version | head -n1
gzip --version | head -n1
cat /proc/version
m4 --version | head -n1
make --version | head -n1
patch --version | head -n1
echo Perl `perl -V:version`
python3 --version
sed --version | head -n1
tar --version | head -n1
makeinfo --version | head -n1  # texinfo version
xz --version | head -n1
<?hard-pagebreak?>
echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c &amp;&amp; g++ -o dummy dummy.c
if [ -x dummy ]
  then echo "g++ compilation OK";
  else echo "g++ compilation failed"; fi
rm -f dummy.c dummy</literal>
EOF

bash version-check.sh</userinput></screen>
<!--
  <para>Also check for some library consistency:</para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt; library-check.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/bash
for lib in lib{gmp,mpfr,mpc}.la; do
  echo $lib: $(if find /usr/lib* -name $lib|
               grep -q $lib;then :;else echo not;fi) found
done
unset lib</literal>
EOF

bash library-check.sh</userinput></screen>

<para>The files identified by this script should be all present
or all absent, but not only one or two present.</para>
-->

</sect1>