groff.xml 21 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-system-groff" role="wrap">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="groff.html"?>
  9. <sect1info condition="script">
  10. <productname>groff</productname>
  11. <productnumber>&groff-version;</productnumber>
  12. <address>&groff-url;</address>
  13. </sect1info>
  14. <title>Groff-&groff-version;</title>
  15. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff">
  16. <primary sortas="a-Groff">Groff</primary>
  17. </indexterm>
  18. <sect2 role="package">
  19. <title/>
  20. <para>Groff 软件包包含处理和格式化文本的程序。</para>
  21. <segmentedlist>
  22. <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  23. <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  24. <seglistitem>
  25. <seg>&groff-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  26. <seg>&groff-ch6-du;</seg>
  27. </seglistitem>
  28. </segmentedlist>
  29. </sect2>
  30. <sect2 role="installation">
  31. <title>安装 Groff</title>
  32. <para>Groff 期望环境变量 <envar>PAGE</envar> 包含默认纸张大小。
  33. 对于美国用户来说,<parameter>PAGE=letter</parameter> 是正确的。
  34. 对于其他地方的用户,<parameter>PAGE=A4</parameter> 可能更好。
  35. 尽管在编译时配置了默认纸张大小,可以通过向
  36. <filename>/etc/papersize</filename> 文件写入
  37. <quote>A4</quote> 或 <quote>letter</quote> 覆盖默认值。</para>
  38. <para>准备安装 Groff:</para>
  39. <screen><userinput remap="configure">PAGE=<replaceable>&lt;paper_size&gt;</replaceable> ./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
  40. <para>该软件包不支持并行构建。编译该软件包:</para>
  41. <screen><userinput remap="make">make -j1</userinput></screen>
  42. <para>该软件包不包含测试套件。</para>
  43. <para>安装该软件包:</para>
  44. <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
  45. </sect2>
  46. <sect2 id="contents-groff" role="content">
  47. <title>Groff 的内容</title>
  48. <segmentedlist>
  49. <segtitle>安装的程序</segtitle>
  50. <segtitle>安装的目录</segtitle>
  51. <seglistitem>
  52. <seg>addftinfo, afmtodit, chem, eqn, eqn2graph, gdiffmk, glilypond,
  53. gperl, gpinyin, grap2graph, grn, grodvi, groff, groffer, grog, grolbp,
  54. grolj4, gropdf, grops, grotty, hpftodit, indxbib, lkbib, lookbib,
  55. mmroff, neqn, nroff, pdfmom, pdfroff, pfbtops, pic, pic2graph,
  56. post-grohtml, preconv, pre-grohtml, refer, roff2dvi, roff2html,
  57. roff2pdf, roff2ps, roff2text, roff2x, soelim, tbl, tfmtodit, 以及
  58. troff</seg>
  59. <seg>/usr/lib/groff, /usr/share/doc/groff-&groff-version;,
  60. 以及 /usr/share/groff</seg>
  61. </seglistitem>
  62. </segmentedlist>
  63. <variablelist>
  64. <bridgehead renderas="sect3">简要描述</bridgehead>
  65. <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
  66. <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
  67. <varlistentry id="addftinfo">
  68. <term><command>addftinfo</command></term>
  69. <listitem>
  70. <para>读取 troff 字体文件并为其添加 <command>groff</command>
  71. 系统使用的一些额外字体规格信息</para>
  72. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff addftinfo">
  73. <primary sortas="b-addftinfo">addftinfo</primary>
  74. </indexterm>
  75. </listitem>
  76. </varlistentry>
  77. <varlistentry id="afmtodit">
  78. <term><command>afmtodit</command></term>
  79. <listitem>
  80. <para>创建供 <command>groff</command> 和
  81. <command>grops</command> 使用的字体文件</para>
  82. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff afmtodit">
  83. <primary sortas="b-afmtodit">afmtodit</primary>
  84. </indexterm>
  85. </listitem>
  86. </varlistentry>
  87. <varlistentry id="chem">
  88. <term><command>chem</command></term>
  89. <listitem>
  90. <para>产生化学结构式的 groff 预处理器</para>
  91. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff chem">
  92. <primary sortas="b-chem">chem</primary>
  93. </indexterm>
  94. </listitem>
  95. </varlistentry>
  96. <varlistentry id="eqn">
  97. <term><command>eqn</command></term>
  98. <listitem>
  99. <para>将 troff 输入文件中嵌入的公式描述编译成
  100. <command>troff</command> 理解的命令</para>
  101. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff eqn">
  102. <primary sortas="b-eqn">eqn</primary>
  103. </indexterm>
  104. </listitem>
  105. </varlistentry>
  106. <varlistentry id="eqn2graph">
  107. <term><command>eqn2graph</command></term>
  108. <listitem>
  109. <para>将 troff EQN (公式)转换成裁减好的图像</para>
  110. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff eqn2graph">
  111. <primary sortas="b-eqn2graph">eqn2graph</primary>
  112. </indexterm>
  113. </listitem>
  114. </varlistentry>
  115. <varlistentry id="gdiffmk">
  116. <term><command>gdiffmk</command></term>
  117. <listitem>
  118. <para>标出 groff/nroff/troff 文件的区别</para>
  119. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff gdiffmk">
  120. <primary sortas="b-gdiffmk">gdiffmk</primary>
  121. </indexterm>
  122. </listitem>
  123. </varlistentry>
  124. <varlistentry id="glilypond">
  125. <term><command>glilypond</command></term>
  126. <listitem>
  127. <para>将 lilypond 语言写成的乐谱转换为 groff 语言</para>
  128. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff glilypond">
  129. <primary sortas="b-glilypond">glilypond</primary>
  130. </indexterm>
  131. </listitem>
  132. </varlistentry>
  133. <varlistentry id="gperl">
  134. <term><command>gperl</command></term>
  135. <listitem>
  136. <para>groff 预处理器,允许在 groff 文件中增加 perl 代码</para>
  137. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff gperl">
  138. <primary sortas="b-gperl">gperl</primary>
  139. </indexterm>
  140. </listitem>
  141. </varlistentry>
  142. <varlistentry id="gpinyin">
  143. <term><command>gpinyin</command></term>
  144. <listitem>
  145. <para>groff 的预处理器,允许在 groff 文件中增加汉语拼音</para>
  146. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff gpinyin">
  147. <primary sortas="b-gpinyin">gpinyin</primary>
  148. </indexterm>
  149. </listitem>
  150. </varlistentry>
  151. <varlistentry id="grap2graph">
  152. <term><command>grap2graph</command></term>
  153. <listitem>
  154. <para>将 grap 图形转换成裁减好的位图图像</para>
  155. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grap2graph">
  156. <primary sortas="b-grap2graph">grap2graph</primary>
  157. </indexterm>
  158. </listitem>
  159. </varlistentry>
  160. <varlistentry id="grn">
  161. <term><command>grn</command></term>
  162. <listitem>
  163. <para>用于 gremlin 文件的<command>groff</command> 预处理器</para>
  164. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grn">
  165. <primary sortas="b-grn">grn</primary>
  166. </indexterm>
  167. </listitem>
  168. </varlistentry>
  169. <varlistentry id="grodvi">
  170. <term><command>grodvi</command></term>
  171. <listitem>
  172. <para><command>groff</command> 的驱动程序,
  173. 生成 TeX dvi 格式</para>
  174. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grodvi">
  175. <primary sortas="b-grodvi">grodvi</primary>
  176. </indexterm>
  177. </listitem>
  178. </varlistentry>
  179. <varlistentry id="groff">
  180. <term><command>groff</command></term>
  181. <listitem>
  182. <para>groff 文档格式化系统的前端;一般来说,它运行
  183. <command>troff</command> 程序和一个适用于选定设备的后处理器
  184. </para>
  185. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff groff">
  186. <primary sortas="b-groff">groff</primary>
  187. </indexterm>
  188. </listitem>
  189. </varlistentry>
  190. <varlistentry id="groffer">
  191. <term><command>groffer</command></term>
  192. <listitem>
  193. <para>在 X 和 tty 终端显示 groff 文件和 man 页面</para>
  194. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff groffer">
  195. <primary sortas="b-groffer">groffer</primary>
  196. </indexterm>
  197. </listitem>
  198. </varlistentry>
  199. <varlistentry id="grog">
  200. <term><command>grog</command></term>
  201. <listitem>
  202. <para>读取文件,并猜测 <command>groff</command> 选项
  203. <option>-e</option>, <option>-man</option>, <option>-me</option>,
  204. <option>-mm</option>, <option>-ms</option>, <option>-p</option>,
  205. <option>-s</option>, 以及 <option>-t</option>
  206. 中哪一个在打印文件时时必须的,并报告包含这些选项的
  207. <command>groff</command> 命令</para>
  208. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grog">
  209. <primary sortas="b-grog">grog</primary>
  210. </indexterm>
  211. </listitem>
  212. </varlistentry>
  213. <varlistentry id="grolbp">
  214. <term><command>grolbp</command></term>
  215. <listitem>
  216. <para>是一个用于 Canon CAPSL 打印机
  217. (LBP-4 和 LBP-8 系列激光打印机)的
  218. <command>groff</command> 驱动程序</para>
  219. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolbp">
  220. <primary sortas="b-grolbp">grolbp</primary>
  221. </indexterm>
  222. </listitem>
  223. </varlistentry>
  224. <varlistentry id="grolj4">
  225. <term><command>grolj4</command></term>
  226. <listitem>
  227. <para>是一个生成用于 HP LaserJet 4 打印机的 PCL5 格式的
  228. <command>groff</command> 驱动程序</para>
  229. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolj4">
  230. <primary sortas="b-grolj4">grolj4</primary>
  231. </indexterm>
  232. </listitem>
  233. </varlistentry>
  234. <varlistentry id="gropdf">
  235. <term><command>gropdf</command></term>
  236. <listitem>
  237. <para>将 <command>troff</command> 输出转换成 PDF</para>
  238. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff gropdf">
  239. <primary sortas="b-gropdf">gropdf</primary>
  240. </indexterm>
  241. </listitem>
  242. </varlistentry>
  243. <varlistentry id="grops">
  244. <term><command>grops</command></term>
  245. <listitem>
  246. <para>将 <command>troff</command> 输出转换成 PostScript</para>
  247. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grops">
  248. <primary sortas="b-grops">grops</primary>
  249. </indexterm>
  250. </listitem>
  251. </varlistentry>
  252. <varlistentry id="grotty">
  253. <term><command>grotty</command></term>
  254. <listitem>
  255. <para>将 <command>troff</command>
  256. 输出转换成用于打字机类设备的形式</para>
  257. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grotty">
  258. <primary sortas="b-grotty">grotty</primary>
  259. </indexterm>
  260. </listitem>
  261. </varlistentry>
  262. <varlistentry id="hpftodit">
  263. <term><command>hpftodit</command></term>
  264. <listitem>
  265. <para>根据 HP 标签的字体规格文件,
  266. 创建用于 <command>groff -Tlj4</command>的字体文件</para>
  267. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff hpftodit">
  268. <primary sortas="b-hpftodit">hpftodit</primary>
  269. </indexterm>
  270. </listitem>
  271. </varlistentry>
  272. <varlistentry id="indxbib">
  273. <term><command>indxbib</command></term>
  274. <listitem>
  275. <para>创建用于给定文件文献数据库的反向索引,
  276. 以供 <command>refer</command>、<command>lookbib</command>
  277. 以及 <command>lkbib</command> 使用</para>
  278. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff indxbib">
  279. <primary sortas="b-indxbib">indxbib</primary>
  280. </indexterm>
  281. </listitem>
  282. </varlistentry>
  283. <varlistentry id="lkbib">
  284. <term><command>lkbib</command></term>
  285. <listitem>
  286. <para>在文献数据库中搜索包含指定关键字的引用,
  287. 并报告找到的所有引用</para>
  288. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff lkbib">
  289. <primary sortas="b-lkbib">lkbib</primary>
  290. </indexterm>
  291. </listitem>
  292. </varlistentry>
  293. <varlistentry id="lookbib">
  294. <term><command>lookbib</command></term>
  295. <listitem>
  296. <!--para>Prints a prompt on the standard error (unless the standard input
  297. is not a terminal), reads a line containing a set of keywords from the
  298. standard input, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified file
  299. for references containing those keywords, prints any references found
  300. on the standard output, and repeats this process until the end of
  301. input</para-->
  302. <para>在标准错误输出上显示命令提示符(除非标准输入不是终端),
  303. 读取包含一组关键字的行,
  304. 在给定文件的文献数据库中搜索包含这些关键字的引用,
  305. 将它们打印到标准输出,重复这一过程直到输入结束</para>
  306. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff lookbib">
  307. <primary sortas="b-lookbib">lookbib</primary>
  308. </indexterm>
  309. </listitem>
  310. </varlistentry>
  311. <varlistentry id="mmroff">
  312. <term><command>mmroff</command></term>
  313. <listitem>
  314. <para><command>groff</command> 的简单预处理器</para>
  315. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff mmroff">
  316. <primary sortas="b-mmroff">mmroff</primary>
  317. </indexterm>
  318. </listitem>
  319. </varlistentry>
  320. <varlistentry id="neqn">
  321. <term><command>neqn</command></term>
  322. <listitem>
  323. <para>将公式格式化为美国标准信息交换代码(ASCII)输出</para>
  324. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff neqn">
  325. <primary sortas="b-neqn">neqn</primary>
  326. </indexterm>
  327. </listitem>
  328. </varlistentry>
  329. <varlistentry id="nroff">
  330. <term><command>nroff</command></term>
  331. <listitem>
  332. <para>一个使用 <command>groff</command> 仿真
  333. <command>nroff</command> 命令的脚本</para>
  334. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff nroff">
  335. <primary sortas="b-nroff">nroff</primary>
  336. </indexterm>
  337. </listitem>
  338. </varlistentry>
  339. <varlistentry id="pdfmom">
  340. <term><command>pdfmom</command></term>
  341. <listitem>
  342. <para>一个 groff 包装器,提供从 mom 宏包编码的文件转换为 PDF
  343. 文档的功能</para>
  344. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pdfmom">
  345. <primary sortas="b-pdfmom">pdfmom</primary>
  346. </indexterm>
  347. </listitem>
  348. </varlistentry>
  349. <varlistentry id="pdfroff">
  350. <term><command>pdfroff</command></term>
  351. <listitem>
  352. <para>用 groff 创建 PDF 文档</para>
  353. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pdfroff">
  354. <primary sortas="b-pdfroff">pdfroff</primary>
  355. </indexterm>
  356. </listitem>
  357. </varlistentry>
  358. <varlistentry id="pfbtops">
  359. <term><command>pfbtops</command></term>
  360. <listitem>
  361. <para>将 <filename class="extension">.pfb</filename>
  362. 格式的 PostScript 字体转换为 ASCII</para>
  363. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pfbtops">
  364. <primary sortas="b-pfbtops">pfbtops</primary>
  365. </indexterm>
  366. </listitem>
  367. </varlistentry>
  368. <varlistentry id="pic">
  369. <term><command>pic</command></term>
  370. <listitem>
  371. <para>将 troff 或 TeX 输入文件中嵌入的图片描述编译成
  372. TeX 或 <command>troff</command> 理解的命令</para>
  373. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pic">
  374. <primary sortas="b-pic">pic</primary>
  375. </indexterm>
  376. </listitem>
  377. </varlistentry>
  378. <varlistentry id="pic2graph">
  379. <term><command>pic2graph</command></term>
  380. <listitem>
  381. <para>将 PIC 图示转换成裁切好的图像</para>
  382. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pic2graph">
  383. <primary sortas="b-pic2graph">pic2graph</primary>
  384. </indexterm>
  385. </listitem>
  386. </varlistentry>
  387. <varlistentry id="post-grohtml">
  388. <term><command>post-grohtml</command></term>
  389. <listitem>
  390. <para>将 GNU <command>troff</command> 的输出翻译成 HTML</para>
  391. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff post-grohtml">
  392. <primary sortas="b-post-grohtml">post-grohtml</primary>
  393. </indexterm>
  394. </listitem>
  395. </varlistentry>
  396. <varlistentry id="preconv">
  397. <term><command>preconv</command></term>
  398. <listitem>
  399. <para>将输入文件的编码转换成 GNU
  400. <command>troff</command> 理解的格式</para>
  401. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff preconv">
  402. <primary sortas="b-preconv">preconv</primary>
  403. </indexterm>
  404. </listitem>
  405. </varlistentry>
  406. <varlistentry id="pre-grohtml">
  407. <term><command>pre-grohtml </command></term>
  408. <listitem>
  409. <para>将 GNU <command>troff</command> 输出翻译成 HTML</para>
  410. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pre-grohtml">
  411. <primary sortas="b-pre-grohtml">pre-grohtml</primary>
  412. </indexterm>
  413. </listitem>
  414. </varlistentry>
  415. <varlistentry id="refer">
  416. <term><command>refer</command></term>
  417. <listitem>
  418. <para>将文件内容复制到标准输出,除了在
  419. <emphasis>.[</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>.]</emphasis>
  420. 之间的行被解释为文献引用,
  421. <emphasis>.R1</emphasis> 和 <emphasis>.R2</emphasis>
  422. 之间的行被解释为处理文献引用的方式</para>
  423. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff refer">
  424. <primary sortas="b-refer">refer</primary>
  425. </indexterm>
  426. </listitem>
  427. </varlistentry>
  428. <varlistentry id="roff2dvi">
  429. <term><command>roff2dvi</command></term>
  430. <listitem>
  431. <para>将 roff 文件转换成 DVI 格式</para>
  432. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff roff2dvi">
  433. <primary sortas="b-roff2dvi">roff2dvi</primary>
  434. </indexterm>
  435. </listitem>
  436. </varlistentry>
  437. <varlistentry id="roff2html">
  438. <term><command>roff2html</command></term>
  439. <listitem>
  440. <para>将 roff 文件转换成 HTML 格式</para>
  441. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff roff2html">
  442. <primary sortas="b-roff2html">roff2html</primary>
  443. </indexterm>
  444. </listitem>
  445. </varlistentry>
  446. <varlistentry id="roff2pdf">
  447. <term><command>roff2pdf</command></term>
  448. <listitem>
  449. <para>将 roff 文件转换成 PDF</para>
  450. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff roff2pdf">
  451. <primary sortas="b-roff2pdf">roff2pdf</primary>
  452. </indexterm>
  453. </listitem>
  454. </varlistentry>
  455. <varlistentry id="roff2ps">
  456. <term><command>roff2ps</command></term>
  457. <listitem>
  458. <para>将 roff 文件转换成 ps 文件</para>
  459. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff roff2ps">
  460. <primary sortas="b-roff2ps">roff2ps</primary>
  461. </indexterm>
  462. </listitem>
  463. </varlistentry>
  464. <varlistentry id="roff2text">
  465. <term><command>roff2text</command></term>
  466. <listitem>
  467. <para>将 roff 文件转换成文本文件</para>
  468. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff roff2text">
  469. <primary sortas="b-roff2text">roff2text</primary>
  470. </indexterm>
  471. </listitem>
  472. </varlistentry>
  473. <varlistentry id="roff2x">
  474. <term><command>roff2x</command></term>
  475. <listitem>
  476. <para>将 roff 文件转换成其他格式</para>
  477. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff roff2x">
  478. <primary sortas="b-roff2x">roff2x</primary>
  479. </indexterm>
  480. </listitem>
  481. </varlistentry>
  482. <varlistentry id="soelim">
  483. <term><command>soelim</command></term>
  484. <listitem>
  485. <para>读取文件,将 <emphasis>.so file</emphasis>
  486. 形式的行替换为提到的 <emphasis>file</emphasis> 文件
  487. <emphasis>file</emphasis></para>
  488. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff soelim">
  489. <primary sortas="b-soelim">soelim</primary>
  490. </indexterm>
  491. </listitem>
  492. </varlistentry>
  493. <varlistentry id="tbl">
  494. <term><command>tbl</command></term>
  495. <listitem>
  496. <para>将 troff 输入中嵌入的表格描述编译成 <command>troff</command>
  497. 理解的命令</para>
  498. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff tbl">
  499. <primary sortas="b-tbl">tbl</primary>
  500. </indexterm>
  501. </listitem>
  502. </varlistentry>
  503. <varlistentry id="tfmtodit">
  504. <term><command>tfmtodit</command></term>
  505. <listitem>
  506. <para>创建用于 <command>groff -Tdvi</command> 的字体文件</para>
  507. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff tfmtodit">
  508. <primary sortas="b-tfmtodit">tfmtodit</primary>
  509. </indexterm>
  510. </listitem>
  511. </varlistentry>
  512. <varlistentry id="troff">
  513. <term><command>troff</command></term>
  514. <listitem>
  515. <para>和 UNIX <command>troff</command> 高度兼容;
  516. 它应该由 <command>groff</command> 命令调用,
  517. 后者也会以正确的顺序和选项运行预处理器和后处理器</para>
  518. <indexterm zone="ch-system-groff troff">
  519. <primary sortas="b-troff">troff</primary>
  520. </indexterm>
  521. </listitem>
  522. </varlistentry>
  523. </variablelist>
  524. </sect2>
  525. </sect1>