lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml

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  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
  <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>

  <title>创建目录</title>

  <!--para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
  standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para-->
  <para>现在需要在 LFS 文件系统中创建一些目录结构。
	  执行以下命令，创建一棵标准目录树：</para>

<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -v  /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -v  /usr/libexec
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -v  /usr/lib/pkgconfig

case $(uname -m) in
 x86_64) mkdir -v /lib64 ;;
esac

mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
ln -sv /run /var/run
ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen>

  <!--para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
  this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
  changes are made&mdash;one to the home directory of user <systemitem
  class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
  temporary files.</para-->
  <para>默认情况下，新创建的目录具有权限码 755 ，但这并不适合所有目录。
	  在以上命令中，两个目录的访问权限被修改 —— 一个是 <systemitem
		  class="username">root</systemitem> 的主目录，
	  另一个是包含临时文件的目录。</para>

  <!--para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
  the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory&mdash;the
  same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
  second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
  <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
  class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
  another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
  <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para-->
  <para>第一个修改能保证不是所有人都能进入
	  <filename class="directory">/root</filename> ——
	  一般用户也可以为他/她的主目录设置同样的 0750 权限码。
	  第二个修改保证任何用户都可写入
	  <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> 和
	  <filename class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> 目录，
	  但不能从中删除其他用户的文件，因为所谓的 <quote>粘滞位</quote>
	  (sticky bit)，即八进制权限码 1777 的最高位 (1) 阻止这样做。</para>

  <sect2>
    <title>FHS 兼容性注记</title>

    <!--para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
    (FHS) (available at <ulink
    url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>).  The FHS also specifies
    the optional existence of some directories such as <filename
    class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
    class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>.  We create only the
    directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these
    directories.  </para-->
    <para>这个目录树是基于 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
		（可以在 <ulink url="https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/en/FHS"/>
		查阅）建立的。 FHS 标准还规定了某些可选的目录，
		例如 <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename>
		和 <filename class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>。
		我们只创建了必要的目录，如果您需要的话可以自己创建可选这些可选目录。
	</para>

  </sect2>

</sect1>