lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter06/perl.xml

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<sect1 id="ch-system-perl" role="wrap">
  <?dbhtml filename="perl.html"?>

  <sect1info condition="script">
    <productname>perl</productname>
    <productnumber>&perl-version;</productnumber>
    <address>&perl-url;</address>
  </sect1info>

  <title>Perl-&perl-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl">
    <primary sortas="a-Perl">Perl</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title/>

    <para>The Perl package contains the Practical Extraction and Report
    Language.</para>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>&perl-ch6-sbu;</seg>
        <seg>&perl-ch6-du;</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Perl</title>

    <para>First create a basic <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file to be
    referenced in one of Perl's configuration files as well as the optional
    test suite:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" &gt; /etc/hosts</userinput></screen>

    <para>This version of Perl now builds the Compress::Raw::Zlib and 
    Compress::Raw::BZip2 modules. By
    default Perl will use an internal copy of the sources for the build.
    Issue the following command so that Perl will use the libraries
    installed on the system:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">export BUILD_ZLIB=False
export BUILD_BZIP2=0</userinput></screen>
<!--
    <para>Apply a patch to allow the Errno.pm module and the h2ph
    program to build correctly when building with GCC 5:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&perl-gcc5-fixes-patch;</userinput></screen>
-->
    <para>To have full control over the way Perl is set up, you can remove the
    <quote>-des</quote> options from the following command and hand-pick the way
    this package is built. Alternatively, use the command exactly as below to
    use the defaults that Perl auto-detects:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="configure">sh Configure -des -Dprefix=/usr                 \
                  -Dvendorprefix=/usr           \
                  -Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \
                  -Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \
                  -Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR"  \
                  -Duseshrplib                  \
                  -Dusethreads</userinput></screen>

    <variablelist>
      <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>-Dvendorprefix=/usr</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This ensures <command>perl</command> knows how to
          tell packages where they should install their perl modules.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>-Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR"</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This ensures that <userinput>less</userinput> is used instead 
          of <userinput>more</userinput>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>-Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1
        -Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Since Groff is not installed yet, <command>Configure</command>
          thinks that we do not want man pages for Perl.  Issuing these
          parameters overrides this decision.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>-Duseshrplib</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Build a shared libperl needed by some perl modules.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>-Dusethreads</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Build perl with support for threads.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    <para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>

    <para>To test the results (approximately 2.5 SBU), issue:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k test</userinput></screen>

    <note><para>Several tests related to zlib will fail due to using
    the system version of zlib instead of the internal version.</para></note>

    <para>Install the package and clean up:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="install">make install
unset BUILD_ZLIB BUILD_BZIP2</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="contents-perl" role="content">
    <title>Contents of Perl</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>c2ph, corelist, cpan, enc2xs, encguess, h2ph, h2xs, instmodsh,
        json_pp, libnetcfg, perl, perl&perl-version; (hard link to perl),
        perlbug, perldoc, perlivp, perlthanks (hard link to perlbug), piconv,
        pl2pm, pod2html, pod2man, pod2text, pod2usage, podchecker, podselect,
        prove, pstruct (hard link to c2ph), ptar, ptardiff, ptargrep, shasum,
        splain, xsubpp, and zipdetails</seg>
        <seg>Many which cannot all be listed here</seg>
        <seg>/usr/lib/perl5</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="c2ph">
        <term><command>c2ph</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Dumps C structures as generated from
          <command>cc -g -S</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl c2ph">
            <primary sortas="b-c2ph">c2ph</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="corelist">
        <term><command>corelist</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A commandline frontend to Module::CoreList</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl corelist">
            <primary sortas="b-corelist">corelist</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="cpan">
        <term><command>cpan</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Interact with the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN)
          from the command line</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl cpan">
            <primary sortas="b-cpan">cpan</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="enc2xs">
        <term><command>enc2xs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Builds a Perl extension for the Encode module from either
          Unicode Character Mappings or Tcl Encoding Files</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl enc2xs">
            <primary sortas="b-enc2xs">enc2xs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="encguess">
        <term><command>encguess</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Guess the encoding type of one or several files</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl encguess">
            <primary sortas="b-encguess">encguess</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="h2ph">
        <term><command>h2ph</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts <filename class="extension">.h</filename> C header
          files to <filename class="extension">.ph</filename> Perl header
          files</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl h2ph">
            <primary sortas="b-h2ph">h2ph</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="h2xs">
        <term><command>h2xs</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts <filename class="extension">.h</filename> C header
          files to Perl extensions</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl h2xs">
            <primary sortas="b-h2xs">h2xs</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="instmodsh">
        <term><command>instmodsh</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Shell script for examining installed Perl modules,
          and can even create a tarball from an installed module</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl instmodsh">
            <primary sortas="b-instmodsh">instmodsh</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="json_pp">
        <term><command>json_pp</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts data between certain input and output formats</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl json_pp">
            <primary sortas="b-json_pp">json_pp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libnetcfg">
        <term><command>libnetcfg</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Can be used to configure the
          <filename class="libraryfile">libnet</filename> Perl module</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl libnetcfg">
            <primary sortas="b-libnetcfg">libnetcfg</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="perl">
        <term><command>perl</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Combines some of the best features of C, <command>sed</command>,
          <command>awk</command> and <command>sh</command> into a single
          swiss-army language</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perl">
            <primary sortas="b-perl">perl</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="perl-version">
        <term><command>perl&perl-version;</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A hard link to <command>perl</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perl-version">
            <primary sortas="b-perl&perl-version;">perl&perl-version;</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="perlbug">
        <term><command>perlbug</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Used to generate bug reports about Perl, or the modules that come
          with it, and mail them</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perlbug">
            <primary sortas="b-perlbug">perlbug</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="perldoc">
        <term><command>perldoc</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays a piece of documentation in pod format that is embedded
          in the Perl installation tree or in a Perl script</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perldoc">
            <primary sortas="b-perldoc">perldoc</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="perlivp">
        <term><command>perlivp</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The Perl Installation Verification Procedure; it can be used to
          verify that Perl and its libraries have been installed
          correctly</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perlivp">
            <primary sortas="b-perlivp">perlivp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="perlthanks">
        <term><command>perlthanks</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Used to generate thank you messages to mail to the Perl
          developers</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl perlthanks">
            <primary sortas="b-perlthanks">perlthanks</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="piconv">
        <term><command>piconv</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A Perl version of the character encoding converter
          <command>iconv</command></para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl piconv">
            <primary sortas="b-piconv">piconv</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pl2pm">
        <term><command>pl2pm</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A rough tool for converting Perl4
          <filename class="extension">.pl</filename> files to Perl5
          <filename class="extension">.pm</filename> modules</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl pl2pm">
            <primary sortas="b-pl2pm">pl2pm</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pod2html">
        <term><command>pod2html</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts files from pod format to HTML format</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl pod2html">
            <primary sortas="b-pod2html">pod2html</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pod2man">
        <term><command>pod2man</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts pod data to formatted *roff input</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl pod2man">
            <primary sortas="b-pod2man">pod2man</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pod2text">
        <term><command>pod2text</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts pod data to formatted ASCII text</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl pod2text">
            <primary sortas="b-pod2text">pod2text</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pod2usage">
        <term><command>pod2usage</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Prints usage messages from embedded pod docs in files</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl pod2usage">
            <primary sortas="b-pod2usage">pod2usage</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="podchecker">
        <term><command>podchecker</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Checks the syntax of pod format documentation files</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl podchecker">
            <primary sortas="b-podchecker">podchecker</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="podselect">
        <term><command>podselect</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays selected sections of pod documentation</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl podselect">
            <primary sortas="b-podselect">podselect</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="prove">
        <term><command>prove</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Command line tool for running tests against the Test::Harness
          module</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl prove">
            <primary sortas="b-prove">prove</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pstruct">
        <term><command>pstruct</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Dumps C structures as generated from <command>cc -g -S</command>
          stabs</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl pstruct">
            <primary sortas="b-pstruct">pstruct</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ptar">
        <term><command>ptar</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A <command>tar</command>-like program written in Perl</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl ptar">
            <primary sortas="b-ptar">ptar</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ptardiff">
        <term><command>ptardiff</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A Perl program that compares an extracted archive with an
          unextracted one</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl ptardiff">
            <primary sortas="b-ptardiff">ptardiff</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ptargrep">
        <term><command>ptargrep</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A Perl program that applies pattern matching to the contents
          of files in a tar archive</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl ptargrep">
            <primary sortas="b-ptargrep">ptargrep</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="shasum">
        <term><command>shasum</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Prints or checks SHA checksums</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl shasum">
            <primary sortas="b-shasum">shasum</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="splain">
        <term><command>splain</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Is used to force verbose warning diagnostics in Perl</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl splain">
            <primary sortas="b-splain">splain</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="xsubpp">
        <term><command>xsubpp</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Converts Perl XS code into C code</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl xsubpp">
            <primary sortas="b-xsubpp">xsubpp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="zipdetails">
        <term><command>zipdetails</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Displays details about the internal structure of a Zip file</para>
          <indexterm zone="ch-system-perl zipdetails">
            <primary sortas="b-zipdetails">zipdetails</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>