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							- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
- <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
 
-   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
 
-   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
 
-   <!ENTITY site               SYSTEM "../appendices/rc.site.script">
 
-   %general-entities;
 
- ]>
 
- <sect1 id="ch-scripts-usage" revision="sysv">
 
-   <?dbhtml filename="usage.html"?>
 
-   <title>System V 启动脚本使用与配置</title>
 
-   <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-usage">
 
-     <primary sortas="a-Bootscripts">Bootscripts</primary>
 
-     <secondary>usage</secondary>
 
-   </indexterm>
 
-   <sect2>
 
-     <title>System V 启动脚本如何工作?</title>
 
-     <!--para>Linux uses a special booting facility named SysVinit that is based on a
 
-     concept of <emphasis>run-levels</emphasis>. It can be quite different from one
 
-     system to another, so it cannot be assumed that because things worked in one
 
-     particular Linux distribution, they should work the same in LFS too. LFS has its
 
-     own way of doing things, but it respects generally accepted standards.</para-->
 
-     <para>Linux 使用一种称为 SysVinit 的特殊引导架构,它基于
 
-         <emphasis>运行级别</emphasis> (run-level)的概念而构建。
 
-         不同系统的 SysVinit 可能会区别很大,
 
-         因此不能假设那些在某个 Linux 发行版上正常工作的方法也能在 LFS
 
-         正常工作。LFS 有自己的处事原则,但它也遵守被广泛接受的标准。
 
-     </para>
 
-   
 
-     <!--para>SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on)
 
-     works using a run-levels scheme. There are seven (numbered 0 to 6) run-levels
 
-     (actually, there are more run-levels, but they are for special cases and are
 
-     generally not used. See <filename>init(8)</filename> for more details), and
 
-     each one of those corresponds to the actions the computer is supposed to
 
-     perform when it starts up. The default run-level is 3. Here are the
 
-     descriptions of the different run-levels as they are implemented:</para-->
 
-     <para>SysVinit(之后简称为 <quote>init</quote>)使用运行级别架构工作。
 
-         有七个(编号为 0 到 6)运行级别(实际上还有更多,
 
-         但它们用于一些特殊情况,一般并不使用。参阅
 
-         <filename>init(8)</filename> 了解更多细节),
 
-         每个都对应于计算机在启动时应该进行的一组操作。
 
-         默认运行级别是 3,下面是不同运行级别的描述:</para>
 
- <literallayout>0: 停止系统运行
 
- 1: 单用户模式
 
- 2: 没有网络的多用户模式
 
- 3: 有网络的多用户模式
 
- 4: 保留用于自定义,如果没有自定义,和 3 相同
 
- 5: 和 4 相同,一般用于 GUI 登录 (如 X 的 <command>xdm</command> 或 KDE 的 <command>kdm</command>)
 
- 6: 重启计算机</literallayout>
 
-   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2 id="conf-sysvinit" role="configuration">
 
-   <title>配置 Sysvinit</title>
 
-   <indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit">
 
-     <primary sortas="a-Sysvinit">Sysvinit</primary>
 
-     <secondary>configuring</secondary>
 
-   </indexterm>
 
-   <indexterm zone="conf-sysvinit">
 
-     <primary sortas="e-/etc/inittab">/etc/inittab</primary>
 
-   </indexterm>
 
-   <!--para>During the kernel initialization, the first program that is run
 
-   is either specified on the command line or, by default
 
-   <command>init</command>.  This program reads the initialization file
 
-   <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>.  Create this file with:</para-->
 
-   <para>在内核初始化过程中,第一个运行的程序要么是内核命令行中指定的程序,
 
-       要么默认为 <command>init</command>。该程序读取初始化文件
 
-       <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>,执行下列命令创建该文件:</para>
 
- <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
 
- <literal># Begin /etc/inittab
 
- id:3:initdefault:
 
- si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S
 
- l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
 
- l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
 
- l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
 
- l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
 
- l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
 
- l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
 
- l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
 
- ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
 
- su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
 
- 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
 
- 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
 
- 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
 
- 4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
 
- 5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
 
- 6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600
 
- # End /etc/inittab</literal>
 
- EOF</userinput></screen>
 
-   <!--para>An explanation of this initialization file is in the man page for
 
-   <emphasis>inittab</emphasis>.  For LFS, the key command that is run is
 
-   <command>rc</command>. The initialization file above will instruct
 
-   <command>rc</command> to run all the scripts starting with an S in the
 
-   <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d/rcS.d</filename> directory
 
-   followed by all the scripts starting with an S in the <filename
 
-   class="directory">/etc/rc.d/rc?.d</filename> directory where the question
 
-   mark is specified by the initdefault value.</para-->
 
-   <para>在 <emphasis>inittab</emphasis> 的 man
 
-   页面中可以找到对该初始化文件的解释。对于 LFS,被执行的关键命令是
 
-   <command>rc</command>。上面的初始化文件会告诉 <command>rc</command>
 
-   先运行 <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d/rcS.d</filename>
 
-   目录中所有名字以 S 开头的脚本,再运行
 
-   <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d/rc?.d</filename>
 
-   中所有名字以 S 开头的脚本,这里问号表示 initdefault 值指定的默认运行级别。
 
-   </para>
 
-   <!--para>As a convenience, the <command>rc</command> script reads a library of
 
-   functions in <filename class="directory">/lib/lsb/init-functions</filename>.
 
-   This library also reads an optional configuration file,
 
-   <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>.  Any of the system
 
-   configuration file parameters described in subsequent sections can be
 
-   alternatively placed in this file allowing consolidation of all system
 
-   parameters in this one file.</para-->
 
-   <para>为了方便起见,<command>rc</command> 脚本从
 
-   <filename class="directory">/lib/lsb/init-functions</filename>
 
-   中读取脚本函数库,这个库又会读取一个可选的配置文件
 
-   <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>。
 
-   如果您希望将所有系统参数集中到一个文件中,
 
-   可以将以下各节中描述的所有系统配置文件参数都写入这一个文件。</para>
 
-   <!--para>As a debugging convenience, the functions script also logs all output
 
-   to <filename>/run/var/bootlog</filename>.  Since the <filename
 
-   class="directory">/run</filename> directory is a tmpfs, this file is not
 
-   persistent across boots, however it is appended to the more permanent file
 
-   <filename>/var/log/boot.log</filename> at the end of the boot process.</para-->
 
-   <para>为了方便调试,脚本函数库会将所有输出记录到
 
-   <filename>/run/var/bootlog</filename>。由于
 
-   <filename class="directory">/run</filename> 是 tmpfs,
 
-   这个文件在重新启动时不会被保留。然而,在引导过程结束时,
 
-   该文件的内容会被附加到更持久化的 <filename>/var/log/boot.log</filename>
 
-   文件末尾。</para>
 
-   <sect3 id="init-levels" >
 
-   <title>切换运行级别</title>
 
-   <para>通过运行 <command>init
 
-   <replaceable><runlevel></replaceable></command> 可以切换运行级别,
 
-   这里 <replaceable><runlevel></replaceable> 是要切换到的运行级别。
 
-   例如,如果要重新启动计算机,用户可以使用 <command>init 6</command> 命令,
 
-   它和 <command>reboot</command> 作用相同。同样,
 
-   <command>init 0</command> 和 <command>halt</command> 作用相同。</para>
 
-   <!--para>There are a number of directories under <filename
 
-   class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename> that look like <filename
 
-   class="directory">rc?.d</filename> (where ? is the number of the run-level) and
 
-   <filename class="directory">rcsysinit.d</filename>, all containing a number of
 
-   symbolic links. Some begin with a <emphasis>K</emphasis>, the others begin with
 
-   an <emphasis>S</emphasis>, and all of them have two numbers following the
 
-   initial letter. The K means to stop (kill) a service and the S means to start a
 
-   service. The numbers determine the order in which the scripts are run, from 00
 
-   to 99—the lower the number the earlier it gets executed. When
 
-   <command>init</command> switches to another run-level, the appropriate services
 
-   are either started or stopped, depending on the runlevel chosen.</para-->
 
-   <para>在 <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d</filename>
 
-   中有一些名字类似 <filename class="directory">rc?.d</filename>
 
-   的目录(这里 ? 是运行级别编号),以及一个目录
 
-   <filename class="directory">rcsysinit.d</filename>,
 
-   这些目录都包含一些符号链接。有的符号链接的名字以 <emphasis>K</emphasis>
 
-   开头,其他的则以 <emphasis>S</emphasis> 开头。它们的名字中,
 
-   第一个字符后都有两位数字。K 表示停止(杀死,kill)一个服务,
 
-   而 S 表示启动(start)一个服务。两位数字决定了运行这些脚本的顺序,
 
-   从 00 到 99 —— 数字较小的脚本更早执行。当 <command>init</command>
 
-   切换到另一个运行级别时,它会执行这些脚本,从而适当地启动或停止服务,
 
-   满足选择的运行级别要求。</para>
 
-   <para>符号链接实际指向的脚本位于 <filename
 
-   class="directory">/etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>,它们完成实际的工作。
 
-   K 链接和 S 链接指向
 
-   <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>
 
-   中的相同脚本,这是因为脚本接受不同的参数,如
 
-   <parameter>start</parameter>、<parameter>stop</parameter>、
 
-   <parameter>restart</parameter>、<parameter>reload</parameter> 以及
 
-   <parameter>status</parameter>。当发现 K 链接时,脚本被传递
 
-   <parameter>stop</parameter> 参数。当发现 S 链接时,
 
-   对应的脚本被传递 <parameter>start</parameter> 参数。</para>
 
-   <para>以上解释有一个例外情况,当 <filename
 
-   class="directory">rc0.d</filename> 和 <filename
 
-   class="directory">rc6.d</filename> 目录中出现以 <emphasis>S</emphasis>
 
-   开头的链接时,它们不会启动任何服务。相反,它们被以参数
 
-   <parameter>stop</parameter> 调用,并停止服务。
 
-   这一行为背后的逻辑是,在重新启动系统或停止系统运行时,不需要启动任何服务,
 
-   只需要停止整个系统。</para>
 
-   <para>下面是脚本接受的不同参数及其解释:</para>
 
-   <variablelist>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term><parameter>start</parameter></term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <para>启动服务。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term><parameter>stop</parameter></term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <para>停止服务。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term><parameter>restart</parameter></term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <para>停止服务,再重新启动它。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term><parameter>reload</parameter></term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <para>更新服务配置。
 
-         当服务的配置文件被修改后,如果不需要重新启动服务,
 
-         就使用该参数。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term><parameter>status</parameter></term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <para>报告服务是否在运行中。如果正在运行,报告其 PID。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-   </variablelist>
 
-   <para>您可以自由地修改引导过程的工作方式(毕竟这是您自己的 LFS 系统)。
 
-   我们给出的文件只是示例,用于展示它们可以完成的任务。</para>
 
-   </sect3>
 
-   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2>
 
-     <title>Udev 启动脚本</title>
 
-       <para><filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</filename> 初始化脚本启动
 
-       <command>udevd</command>,
 
-       触发内核已经创建的<quote>冷插拔</quote>设备,
 
-       等待其 udev 规则执行完毕。该脚本也会取消默认的 uevent 处理程序
 
-       <filename>/sbin/hotplug</filename>,
 
-       因为现在内核不再需要调用外部二进制程序,相反,
 
-       <command>udevd</command> 会监听一个 netlink 套接字,
 
-       以获取内核发出的 uevent 事件。</para>
 
-       <!--para>The <command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</command> initscript takes
 
-       care of re-triggering events for subsystems whose rules may rely on
 
-       filesystems that are not mounted until the <command>mountfs</command>
 
-       script is run (in particular, <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
 
-       and <filename class="directory">/var</filename> may cause this).  This
 
-       script runs after the <command>mountfs</command> script, so those rules
 
-       (if re-triggered) should succeed the second time around.  It is
 
-       configured from the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/udev_retry</filename> file;
 
-       any words in this file other than comments are considered subsystem names
 
-       to trigger at retry time.  To find the subsystem of a device, use
 
-       <command>udevadm info - -attribute-walk <device></command> where
 
-       <device> is an absolute path in /dev or /sys such as /dev/sr0 or
 
-       /sys/class/rtc.</para-->
 
-       <para>某些子系统的 udev 规则依赖于一些直到 <command>mount_fs</command>
 
-       脚本被执行才会挂载的文件系统(如独立的
 
-       <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> 和
 
-       <filename class="directory">/var</filename> 文件系统就会导致这种现象)
 
-       初始化脚本 <command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</command>
 
-       负责重新触发这些子系统的事件。该脚本在 <command>mountfs</command>
 
-       后运行,因此这些规则(如果被重新触发)这一次应该能够成功执行。
 
-       配置文件 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/udev_retry</filename>
 
-       中包含的除注释外的所有单词都会被认为是一个需要触发的子系统。
 
-       为了找到某个设备的子系统,执行
 
-       <command>udevadm info --attribute-walk <device></command>,
 
-       这里 <device> 是一个 /dev 或 /sys 中的绝对路径,
 
-       例如 /dev/sr0 或 /sys/class/rtc。</para>
 
-       <note><title>译注</title>
 
-           <para>原文中这里有两小节与之前的
 
-               <xref linkend="ch-module-loading"/>、
 
-               <xref linkend="ch-hotplug-device"/> 重复,这里删去了。
 
-               上游将在 LFS 手册的下一个版本中删除它们。
 
-           </para>
 
-       </note>
 
-   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2 id="ch-scripts-clock">
 
-     <title>配置系统时钟</title>
 
-     <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-clock">
 
-       <primary sortas="d-scripts-setclock">setclock</primary>
 
-     <secondary>configuring</secondary></indexterm>
 
-     <!--para>The <command>setclock</command> script reads the time from the hardware
 
-     clock, also known as the BIOS or the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
 
-     (CMOS) clock. If the hardware clock is set to UTC, this script will convert the
 
-     hardware clock's time to the local time using the
 
-     <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file (which tells the
 
-     <command>hwclock</command> program which timezone the user is in). There is no
 
-     way to detect whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC, so this
 
-     needs to be configured manually.</para-->
 
-     <para><command>setclock</command> 脚本从硬件时钟读取时间,
 
-     硬件时钟又被称为 BIOS 时钟或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)时钟。
 
-     如果硬件时钟被设为 UTC 时间,该脚本会根据
 
-     <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> 文件(它告知
 
-     <command>hwclock</command> 程序用户处于哪个时区),
 
-     将硬件时钟的时间转换成本地时间。不存在确定硬件时钟是否设为 UTC 的方法,
 
-     因此这必须手动设置。</para>
 
-     <!--para>The <command>setclock</command> is run via
 
-     <application>udev</application> when the kernel detects the hardware
 
-     capability upon boot.  It can also be run manually with the stop parameter to
 
-     store the system time to the CMOS clock.</para-->
 
-     <para>在引导后,内核检测硬件功能时,<command>setclock</command> 脚本被
 
-     <application>udev</application> 执行。可以用 stop 参数手动调用它,
 
-     以将系统时间写入 CMOS 时钟。</para>
 
-     <!--para>If you cannot remember whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC,
 
-     find out by running the <userinput>hwclock localtime show</userinput>
 
-     command. This will display what the current time is according to the hardware
 
-     clock. If this time matches whatever your watch says, then the hardware clock is
 
-     set to local time. If the output from <command>hwclock</command> is not local
 
-     time, chances are it is set to UTC time. Verify this by adding or subtracting
 
-     the proper amount of hours for the timezone to the time shown by
 
-     <command>hwclock</command>. For example, if you are currently in the MST
 
-     timezone, which is also known as GMT -0700, add seven hours to the local
 
-     time.</para-->
 
-     <para>如果您不确定您的硬件时钟是否设置为 UTC ,运行
 
-     <userinput>hwclock --localtime --show</userinput> 命令,
 
-     它会显示硬件时钟给出的当前时间。如果这个时间和您的手表显示的一致,
 
-     则说明硬件时钟被设定为本地时间。相反,如果 <command>hwclock</command>
 
-     输出的时间不是本地时间,则硬件时钟很可能被设定为 UTC 时间。
 
-     根据您的时区,在 <command>hwclock</command>
 
-     显示的时间上加减对应的小时数,进行进一步的验证。
 
-     例如,如果您现在处于莫斯科时区,即 GMT -0700 ,在本地时间上加
 
-     7 小时,再进行比较。</para>
 
-     <!--para>Change the value of the <envar>UTC</envar> variable below
 
-     to a value of <parameter>0</parameter> (zero) if the hardware clock
 
-     is <emphasis>not</emphasis> set to UTC time.</para-->
 
-     <para>如果硬件时钟<emphasis>没有</emphasis>设为 UTC 时间,
 
-     在下面的配置文件中,应该将 <envar>UTC</envar> 变量的值设为
 
-     <parameter>0</parameter>。</para>
 
-     <note><title>译注</title>
 
-     <para>Windows 会将硬件时钟设定为本地时间,因此如果您要同时安装
 
-     Windows 和 Linux,就要将 Linux (包括 LFS 和其他发行版)
 
-     配置为使用本地时间,除非能够忍受 Windows 和 Linux 显示的不同时间
 
-    (必有一个是错误的)。
 
-     </para></note>
 
-     <!--para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/clock</filename> by running
 
-     the following:</para-->
 
-     <para>执行下列命令,创建一个新的
 
-     <filename>/etc/sysconfig/clock</filename> 文件:</para>
 
- <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
 
- <literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock
 
- UTC=1
 
- # 将该变量设置为您希望传递给 hwclock 命令的选项,
 
- # 例如 Alpha 机器上的硬件时钟类型。
 
- CLOCKPARAMS=
 
- # End /etc/sysconfig/clock</literal>
 
- EOF</userinput></screen>
 
-     <!--para>A good hint explaining how to deal with time on LFS is available
 
-     at <ulink url="&hints-root;time.txt"/>. It explains issues such as
 
-     time zones, UTC, and the <envar>TZ</envar> environment variable.</para-->
 
-     <para>访问 <ulink url="&hints-root;time.txt"/> ,
 
-     可以找到一个关于如何在 LFS 系统中处理时间问题的好的提示。
 
-     它解释了时区、UTC 和 <envar>TZ</envar> 环境变量等问题。</para>
 
-     <note><para>CLOCKPARAMS 和 UTC 参数也可在
 
-     <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> 文件中设定。</para></note>
 
-   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2 id="ch-scripts-console">
 
-   <?dbhtml filename="console.html"?>
 
-   <title>配置 Linux 控制台</title>
 
-   <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-console">
 
-     <primary sortas="d-console">console</primary>
 
-     <secondary>configuring</secondary>
 
-   </indexterm>
 
-   <!--para>This section discusses how to configure the <command>console</command>
 
-   bootscript that sets up the keyboard map, console font and console kernel log
 
-   level. If non-ASCII characters (e.g., the copyright sign, the British pound
 
-   sign and Euro symbol) will not be used and the keyboard is a U.S. one, much
 
-   of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or
 
-   equivalent settings in <filename>rc.site</filename>), the
 
-   <command>console</command> bootscript will do nothing.</para-->
 
-   <para>本节讨论如何配置 <command>console</command> 启动脚本,
 
-   使之正确设定键盘映射、控制台字体和控制台内核日志级别。
 
-   如果不使用非 ASCII 字符(如版权符号、英镑或欧元符号),
 
-   且键盘是美式的,则可以跳过本节。如果不创建本节的配置文件
 
-   (且 <filename>rc.site</filename> 中也没有对应的设置),
 
-   则 <command>console</command> 脚本什么也不做。</para>
 
-   <!--para>The <command>console</command> script reads the
 
-   <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file for configuration
 
-   information.  Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various
 
-   language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this, see <ulink
 
-   url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>. If still in
 
-   doubt, look in the <filename class="directory">/usr/share/keymaps</filename>
 
-   and <filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> directories
 
-   for valid keymaps and screen fonts. Read <filename>loadkeys(1)</filename> and
 
-   <filename>setfont(8)</filename> manual pages to determine the correct
 
-   arguments for these programs.</para-->
 
-   <para><command>console</command> 脚本读取
 
-   <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> 文件中的配置信息,
 
-   据此确定使用哪种键映射和控制台字体。一些与特定语言相关的
 
-   HOWTO 文档可以帮助您进行配置,参阅
 
-   <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>。
 
-   如果仍然存在疑问,在
 
-   <filename class="directory">/usr/share/keymaps</filename> 和
 
-   <filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename>
 
-   目录中寻找可用的键映射和屏幕字体,并阅读 <filename>loadkeys(1)</filename>
 
-   和 <filename>setfont(8)</filename> man 手册页面,
 
-   以确认应该传递给这两个程序的正确参数。</para>
 
-   <!--para>The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file should contain lines
 
-   of the form: VARIABLE="value". The following variables are recognized:</para-->
 
-   <para><filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename>
 
-   文件应当包含若干行,它们的格式为:变量名="值"。下列变量名会被识别:</para>
 
-   <variablelist>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term>LOGLEVEL</term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <!--para>This variable specifies the log level for kernel messages sent
 
-         to the console as set by <command>dmesg</command>. Valid levels are
 
-         from "1" (no messages) to "8". The default level is "7".</para-->
 
-         <para>该变量指定被发送到终端的内核消息日志等级,
 
-         正如使用 <command>dmesg -n</command> 设置的那样。
 
-         有效的等级是 "1"(不输出消息) 到 "8" 之间的某个数,
 
-         默认值是 "7"。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term>KEYMAP</term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <!--para>This variable specifies the arguments for the
 
-         <command>loadkeys</command> program, typically, the name of keymap
 
-         to load, e.g., <quote>it</quote>. If this variable is not set, the
 
-         bootscript will not run the <command>loadkeys</command> program,
 
-         and the default kernel keymap will be used.  Note that a few keymaps
 
-         have multiple versions with the same name (cz and its variants in
 
-         qwerty/ and qwertz/, es in olpc/ and qwerty/, and trf in fgGIod/ and
 
-         qwerty/). In these cases the parent directory should also be specified
 
-         (e.g. qwerty/es) to ensure the proper keymap is loaded.
 
-         </para-->
 
-         <para>该变量指定传递给 <command>loadkeys</command> 程序的参数,
 
-         通常为希望加载的键映射表名,例如 <quote>it</quote>。
 
-         如果没有设置这个变量,启动脚本不会运行 <command>loadkeys</command>,
 
-         并使用默认键映射。注意某些键映射表有名字相同的不同版本
 
-         (如 cz 及其变式在 qwerty/ 和 qwertz/ 中同时存在,
 
-         es 在 olpc/ 和 qwerty/ 中同时存在,trf 在 fgGIod/ 和 qwerty/
 
-         中同时存在),此时就要把包含键映射表文件的目录名也写在该变量中
 
-         (如 qwerty/es),才能保证加载正确的键映射。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term>KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS</term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <!--para>This (rarely used) variable
 
-         specifies the arguments for the second call to the
 
-         <command>loadkeys</command> program. This is useful if the stock keymap
 
-         is not completely satisfactory and a small adjustment has to be made. E.g.,
 
-         to include the Euro sign into a keymap that normally doesn't have it,
 
-         set this variable to <quote>euro2</quote>.</para-->
 
-         <para>这个(很少使用的)变量指定第二次调用
 
-         <command>loadkeys</command> 程序时的参数。
 
-         如果您希望对现成的,但不完全符合要求的键映射表进行微调,
 
-         这个变量很有用。例如,为了在不包含欧元符号的键映射中附加它,
 
-         可以设定该变量为 <quote>euro2</quote>。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term>FONT</term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <!--para>This variable specifies the arguments for the
 
-         <command>setfont</command> program. Typically, this includes the font
 
-         name, <quote>-m</quote>, and the name of the application character
 
-         map to load. E.g., in order to load the <quote>lat1-16</quote> font
 
-         together with the <quote>8859-1</quote> application character map
 
-         (as it is appropriate in the USA),-->
 
-         <!-- because of the copyright sign -->
 
-         <!-- set this variable to <quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>.
 
-         In UTF-8 mode, the kernel uses the application character map for
 
-         conversion of composed 8-bit key codes in the keymap to UTF-8, and thus
 
-         the argument of the "-m" parameter should be set to the encoding of the
 
-         composed key codes in the keymap.</para-->
 
-         <para>该变量指定传递给 <command>setfont</command> 程序的参数。
 
-         它一般包含字体名、<quote>-m</quote> 以及需要加载的应用字符映射名,
 
-         例如,如果要加载 <quote>lat1-16</quote> 字体,以及
 
-         <quote>8859-1</quote> 应用字符映射(它适用于美国),
 
-         就将该变量设置为 <quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>。
 
-         在 UTF-8 模式下,内核根据应用字符映射,将键映射中的
 
-         8 位键码组合转换成 UTF-8,因此 <quote>-m</quote>
 
-         参数的值应该被设为键映射中键码组合的编码。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term>UNICODE</term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <!--para>Set this variable to <quote>1</quote>, <quote>yes</quote> or
 
-         <quote>true</quote> in order to put the
 
-         console into UTF-8 mode. This is useful in UTF-8 based locales and
 
-         harmful otherwise.</para-->
 
-         <para>将该变量设置为 <quote>1</quote>、<quote>yes</quote> 或
 
-         <quote>true</quote>,可以将终端设置为 UTF-8 模式。
 
-         这对于基于 UTF-8 的 locale 来说很有用,但对于其他 locale 有害。
 
-         </para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-     <varlistentry>
 
-       <term>LEGACY_CHARSET</term>
 
-       <listitem>
 
-         <!--para>For many keyboard layouts, there is no stock Unicode keymap in
 
-         the Kbd package. The <command>console</command> bootscript will
 
-         convert an available keymap to UTF-8 on the fly if this variable is
 
-         set to the encoding of the available non-UTF-8 keymap.</para-->
 
-         <para>对于许多键盘布局,Kbd 软件包不包含现成的 Unicode 键映射。
 
-         如果将该变量设置为可用的非 UTF-8 键映射的编码,则
 
-         <command>console</command>
 
-         启动脚本会将可用的键映射即时转换成 UTF-8。</para>
 
-       </listitem>
 
-     </varlistentry>
 
-   </variablelist>
 
-   <para>一些例子:</para>
 
-   <itemizedlist>
 
-     <listitem>
 
-       <!--para>For a non-Unicode setup, only the KEYMAP and FONT variables are
 
-       generally needed. E.g., for a Polish setup, one would use:</para-->
 
-       <para>对于非 Unicode 设置,一般只需要 KEYMAP 和 FONT 变量。
 
-       例如,下面是一个波兰语设置:</para>
 
- <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
 
- <literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
 
- KEYMAP="pl2"
 
- FONT="lat2a-16 -m 8859-2"
 
- # End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
 
- EOF</userinput></screen>
 
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
 
-       <!--para>As mentioned above, it is sometimes necessary to adjust a
 
-       stock keymap slightly. The following example adds the Euro symbol to the
 
-       German keymap:</para-->
 
-       <para>正如前文所述,有时需要微调一个现有的键映射,
 
-       下面的例子为德语键映射增加欧元符号:</para>
 
- <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
 
- <literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
 
- KEYMAP="de-latin1"
 
- KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS="euro2"
 
- FONT="lat0-16 -m 8859-15"
 
- # End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
 
- EOF</userinput></screen>
 
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
 
-       <!--para>The following is a Unicode-enabled example for Bulgarian, where a
 
-       stock UTF-8 keymap exists:</para-->
 
-       <para>下面是使用 Unicode 的白罗斯语配置,对于该语言,
 
-       可以使用已有的 UTF-8 键映射:</para>
 
- <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
 
- <literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
 
- UNICODE="1"
 
- KEYMAP="bg_bds-utf8"
 
- FONT="LatArCyrHeb-16"
 
- # End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
 
- EOF</userinput></screen>
 
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
 
-       <!--para>Due to the use of a 512-glyph LatArCyrHeb-16 font in the previous
 
-       example, bright colors are no longer available on the Linux console unless
 
-       a framebuffer is used. If one wants to have bright colors without
 
-       framebuffer and can live without characters not belonging to his language,
 
-       it is still possible to use a language-specific 256-glyph font, as
 
-       illustrated below:</para-->
 
-       <para>由于上面的例子使用了 512 个字形的 LatArCyrHeb-16 字体,
 
-       在 Linux 终端中不能继续使用明亮的颜色,除非使用了帧缓冲。
 
-       如果希望在没有帧缓冲的情况下使用明亮的颜色,
 
-       且不需要那些不属于自己母语的字符,可以使用特定语言的 256 字形字体,
 
-       配置文件如下:</para>
 
- <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
 
- <literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
 
- UNICODE="1"
 
- KEYMAP="bg_bds-utf8"
 
- FONT="cyr-sun16"
 
- # End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
 
- EOF</userinput></screen>
 
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
 
-       <!--para>The following example illustrates keymap autoconversion from
 
-       ISO-8859-15 to UTF-8 and enabling dead keys in Unicode mode:</para-->
 
-       <para>下面的例子展示了从 ISO-8859-15 到 UTF-8 的键映射自动转换,
 
-       同时在 Unicode 模式下启用了死键:</para>
 
- <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
 
- <literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
 
- UNICODE="1"
 
- KEYMAP="de-latin1"
 
- KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS="euro2"
 
- LEGACY_CHARSET="iso-8859-15"
 
- FONT="LatArCyrHeb-16 -m 8859-15"
 
- # End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
 
- EOF</userinput></screen>
 
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
 
-       <!--para>Some keymaps have dead keys (i.e., keys that don't produce a
 
-       character by themselves, but put an accent on the character produced
 
-       by the next key) or define composition rules (such as: <quote>press
 
-       Ctrl+. A E to get Æ</quote> in the default keymap).
 
-       Linux-&linux-version; interprets dead keys and composition rules in the
 
-       keymap correctly only when the source characters to be composed together
 
-       are not multibyte. This deficiency doesn't affect keymaps for European
 
-       languages, because there accents are added to unaccented ASCII
 
-       characters, or two ASCII characters are composed together. However, in
 
-       UTF-8 mode it is a problem, e.g., for the Greek language, where one
 
-       sometimes needs to put an accent on the letter <quote>alpha</quote>.
 
-       The solution is either to avoid the use of UTF-8, or to install the
 
-       X window system that doesn't have this limitation in its input
 
-       handling.</para-->
 
-       <para>某些键映射有死键(即,这些键本身不产生字符,
 
-       而是在下一次按键产生的字符上附加音调)或定义了组合规则
 
-       (例如在默认键映射中,<quote>按下 Ctrl+. A E 得到 Æ</quote>)。
 
-       Linux-&linux-version; 只有在被组合的不是多字节字符的情况下,
 
-       才能正常解析死键和组合规则。这个缺陷不影响欧洲语言的键映射,
 
-       因为在欧洲语言中要么是一个音调被附加到不带音调的 ASCII 字符上,
 
-       要么是两个 ASCII 字符被组合在一起。然而,在 UTF-8 模式中,
 
-       以希腊语为例,当某人要在 <quote>alpha</quote> 字符上附加一个音调时,
 
-       就会出现问题。解决方法是要么不使用 UTF-8,要么安装 X 窗口系统,
 
-       它处理输入时没有这个限制。</para>
 
-     </listitem>
 
-     <listitem>
 
-       <!--para>For Chinese, Japanese, Korean and some other languages, the Linux
 
-       console cannot be configured to display the needed characters. Users
 
-       who need such languages should install the X Window System, fonts that
 
-       cover the necessary character ranges, and the proper input method (e.g.,
 
-       SCIM, it supports a wide variety of languages).</para-->
 
-       <para>对于中文、日文、韩文以及其他一些语言文字,
 
-       不可能配置 Linux 终端,使其正常显示需要的字符。
 
-       这些语言的用户需要安装 X 窗口系统、能够覆盖需要的字符的字体,
 
-       以及合适的输入法(如 SCIM 支持许多语言的输入)。</para>
 
-     </listitem>
 
-   </itemizedlist>
 
-   <!-- Added because folks keep posting their console file with X questions
 
-   to blfs-support list -->
 
-   <note>
 
-     <!--para>The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file only controls
 
-     the Linux text console localization. It has nothing to do with setting
 
-     the proper keyboard layout and terminal fonts in the X Window System, with
 
-     ssh sessions or with a serial console. In such situations, limitations
 
-     mentioned in the last two list items above do not apply.</para-->
 
-     <para><filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> 文件只控制 Linux
 
-     字符终端的本地化,它和 X 窗口系统、ssh 连接、
 
-     串口等其他终端中的键盘布局设置和终端字体毫无关系。在这些情况下,
 
-     不存在上面描述的两项限制。</para>
 
-   </note>
 
-   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2 id="ch-scripts-createfiles">
 
-     <title>在引导时创建文件</title>
 
-   
 
-     <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-createfiles">
 
-       <primary sortas="d-createfiles">File creation at boot</primary>
 
-       <secondary>configuring</secondary>
 
-     </indexterm>
 
-   
 
-     <!--para>At times, it is desired to create files at boot time.  For instance,
 
-     the <filename class="directory">/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> directory
 
-     may be desired.  This can be done by creating an entry in the
 
-     <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> configuration script.
 
-     The format of this file is embedded in the comments of the default 
 
-     configuration file.</para-->
 
-     <para>有时,我们希望在引导时创建一些文件,例如
 
-     <filename class="directory">/tmp/ICE-unix</filename> 目录。
 
-     为此,可以在 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename>
 
-     配置脚本中创建一项,该文件的格式包含在默认配置文件的注释中。</para>
 
-   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2 id="ch-scripts-sysklogd">
 
-     <title>配置 sysklogd 脚本</title>
 
-   
 
-     <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-sysklogd">
 
-       <primary sortas="d-sysklogd">sysklogd</primary>
 
-       <secondary>configuring</secondary>
 
-     </indexterm>
 
-   
 
-     <!--para>The <filename>sysklogd</filename> script invokes the
 
-     <command>syslogd</command> program as a part of System V initialization.  The
 
-     <parameter>-m 0</parameter> option turns off the periodic timestamp mark that
 
-     <command>syslogd</command> writes to the log files every 20 minutes by
 
-     default.  If you want to turn on this periodic timestamp mark, edit
 
-     <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> and define the variable
 
-     SYSKLOGD_PARMS to the desired value.  For instance, to remove all parameters,
 
-     set the variable to a null value:</para-->
 
-     <para><filename>sysklogd</filename> 脚本启动
 
-     <command>syslogd</command> 程序,它是 System V 初始化的一部分。
 
-     <parameter>-m 0</parameter> 选项关闭 <command>sysklogd</command>
 
-     每 20 分钟写入日志文件的周期性时间戳,如果您希望启用该时间戳,
 
-     编辑 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>,
 
-     将 SYSKLOGD_PARMS 定义为您希望的值。例如,如果要删除所有参数,
 
-     将该变量设定为空:</para>
 
- <screen role="nodump">SYSKLOGD_PARMS=</screen>
 
-     <para>参阅 <userinput>man syslogd</userinput> 了解更多可用选项。</para>
 
-   </sect2>
 
-   <sect2 id="ch-scripts-site">
 
-     <title>rc.site 文件</title>
 
-   
 
-     <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-site">
 
-       <primary sortas="a-rc.site">rc.site</primary>
 
-     </indexterm>
 
-   
 
-     <!--para>The optional <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file contains
 
-     settings that are automatically set for each SystemV boot script.  It can
 
-     alternatively set the values specified in the <filename>hostname</filename>,
 
-     <filename>console</filename>, and <filename>clock</filename> files in the
 
-     <filename class='directory'>/etc/sysconfig/</filename> directory.  If the
 
-     associated variables are present in both these separate files and
 
-     <filename>rc.site</filename>, the values in the script specific files have
 
-     precedence. </para-->
 
-     <para>可选的 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>
 
-     文件包含为每个 System V 启动脚本自动设定的设置。
 
-     <filename class="directory">/etc/sysconfig/</filename>
 
-     目录中 <filename>hostname</filename>、<filename>console</filename>
 
-     以及 <filename>clock</filename> 文件的变量值也可以在
 
-     <filename>rc.site</filename> 中设置。
 
-     如果某个变量存在于这三个文件当中,它们会覆盖
 
-     <filename>rc.site</filename> 中的设定。</para>
 
-   
 
-     <!--para><filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can
 
-     customize other aspects of the boot process.  Setting the IPROMPT variable
 
-     will enable selective running of bootscripts.  Other options are described
 
-     in the file comments.  The default version of the file is as follows:</para-->
 
-     <para><filename>rc.site</filename>
 
-     还包含用于自定义引导过程其他属性的变量。
 
-     设定 IPROMPT 变量会启用引导脚本的选择性执行,
 
-     其他选项在文件注释中有描述。该文件的默认版本如下:</para>
 
-   
 
-     <!-- Use role to fix a pdf generation problem -->
 
-     <screen role="auto">&site;</screen>
 
-   
 
-     <sect3>
 
-       <title>自定义开关机脚本</title>
 
-   
 
-       <!--para>The LFS boot scripts boot and shut down a system in a fairly
 
-       efficient manner, but there are a few tweaks that you can make in the
 
-       rc.site file to improve speed even more and to adjust messages according
 
-       to your preferences. To do this, adjust the settings in
 
-       the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file above.</para-->
 
-       <para>LFS 启动脚本能够较为高效地引导和关闭系统,
 
-       但您仍然可以进行一些调整,进一步提高速度,
 
-       并根据您的喜好修改屏幕显示的消息。为此,需要修改上面给出的
 
-       <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> 文件。</para>
 
-       <itemizedlist>
 
-   
 
-       <!--listitem><para>During the boot script <filename>udev</filename>, there is
 
-       a call to <command>udev settle</command> that requires some time to
 
-       complete. This time may or may not be required depending on devices present
 
-       in the system.  If you only have simple partitions and a single ethernet
 
-       card, the boot process will probably not need to wait for this command.  To
 
-       skip it, set the variable OMIT_UDEV_SETTLE=y.</para></listitem-->
 
-       <listitem><para>在启动脚本 <filename>udev</filename>
 
-       的运行过程中,它执行 <command>udev settle</command> 命令,
 
-       该命令需要较长时间才能完成。然而这个执行时间或许不是必要的,
 
-       如果您只有简单分区,且仅有一块网卡,
 
-       那么引导过程可能不需要等待该命令完成。设定变量
 
-       OMIT_UDEV_SETTLE=y,可以跳过该命令。</para></listitem>
 
-       <!--listitem><para>The boot script <filename>udev_retry</filename> also runs
 
-       <command>udev settle</command> by default.  This command is only needed by
 
-       default if the <filename class='directory'>/var</filename> directory is
 
-       separately mounted.  This is because the clock needs the file
 
-       <filename>/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime</filename>.  Other customizations may
 
-       also need to wait for udev to complete, but in many installations it is not
 
-       needed.  Skip the command by setting the variable OMIT_UDEV_RETRY_SETTLE=y.
 
-       </para></listitem-->
 
-       <listitem><para>启动脚本 <filename>udev_retry</filename>
 
-       默认情况下也会执行 <command>udev settle</command>。
 
-       一般来说,该命令只有 <filename class="directory">/var</filename>
 
-       目录是一个单独的挂载点时才必要,这是因为系统时钟需要文件
 
-       <filename>/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime</filename>。
 
-       其他的定制也可能导致该脚本需要等待 udev 完成,
 
-       但在绝大多数 LFS 系统中没有这个必要。
 
-       设定变量 OMIT_UDEV_RETRY_SETTLE=y 跳过这一命令。</para></listitem>
 
-       <!--listitem><para>By default, the file system checks are silent.  This can
 
-       appear to be a delay during the bootup process.  To turn on the
 
-       <command>fsck</command> output, set the variable VERBOSE_FSCK=y.
 
-       </para></listitem-->
 
-       <listitem><para>默认情况下,文件系统检查是安静(没有输出)的。
 
-       因此,在引导过程中,检查过程可能看上去是一个很长的时延。
 
-       设置变量 VERBOSE_FSCK=y 可以打开 <command>fsck</command> 的输出。
 
-       </para></listitem>
 
-   
 
-       <!--listitem><para>When rebooting, you may want to skip the filesystem check,
 
-       <command>fsck</command>, completely.  To do this, either create the file
 
-       <filename>/fastboot</filename> or reboot the system with the command
 
-       <command>/sbin/shutdown -f -r now</command>.  On the other hand, you can
 
-       force all file systems to be checked by creating
 
-       <filename>/forcefsck</filename> or running <command>shutdown</command> with
 
-       the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter instead of <parameter>-f</parameter>.
 
-   </para-->
 
-       <listitem><para>在重启系统时,您可能希望完全跳过文件系统检查命令
 
-       <command>fsck</command>。为此,可以创建文件
 
-       <filename>/fastboot</filename>,或使用命令
 
-       <command>/sbin/shutdown -f -r now</command> 重启系统。
 
-       另一方面,您可以创建 <filename>/forcefsck</filename> 文件,
 
-       或使用 <parameter>-F</parameter> 参数(而不是
 
-       <parameter>-f</parameter>)运行 <command>shutdown</command>,
 
-       在重启系统时强制检查所有文件系统。</para>
 
-   
 
-       <!--para>Setting the variable FASTBOOT=y will disable <command>fsck</command>
 
-       during the boot process until it is removed.  This is not recommended
 
-       on a permanent basis.</para></listitem-->
 
-       <para>设定变量 FASTBOOT=y 会完全禁止引导过程中 <command>fsck</command>
 
-       的执行,直到该变量被删除。不建议永久使用该变量。</para></listitem>
 
-       <!--listitem><para>Normally, all files in the <filename
 
-       class='directory'>/tmp</filename> directory are deleted at boot time.
 
-       Depending on the number of files or directories present, this can cause a
 
-       noticeable delay in the boot process.  To skip removing these files set the
 
-       variable SKIPTMPCLEAN=y.</para></listitem-->
 
-       <listitem><para>正常情况下,
 
-       <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>
 
-       中的所有文件在引导时都被删除。如果其中的文件和目录较多,
 
-       可能在引导过程中造成可观的延迟。设定变量 SKIPTMPCLEAN=y
 
-       可以跳过删除这些文件的过程。</para></listitem>
 
-       <!--listitem><para>During shutdown, the <command>init</command> program sends
 
-       a TERM signal to each program it has started (e.g. agetty), waits for a set
 
-       time (default 3 seconds), and sends each process a KILL signal and waits
 
-       again.  This process is repeated in the <command>sendsignals</command>
 
-       script for any processes that are not shut down by their own scripts.  The
 
-       delay for <command>init</command> can be set by passing a parameter.  For
 
-       example to remove the delay in <command>init</command>, pass the -t0
 
-       parameter when shutting down or rebooting (e.g.  <command>/sbin/shutdown
 
-       -t0 -r now</command>).  The delay for the  <command>sendsignals</command>
 
-       script can be skipped by setting the parameter
 
-       KILLDELAY=0.</para></listitem-->
 
-       <listitem><para>在系统关闭的过程中,<command>init</command>
 
-       向它启动的所有程序(如 getty)发送一个 TERM 信号,等待一段时间
 
-       (默认 3 秒),再向每个进程发送 KILL 信号,之后再次等待。
 
-       在 <command>sendsignals</command> 脚本中,
 
-       以上过程会对那些没有被自己的引导脚本关闭的进程再次执行。
 
-       <command>init</command> 的时延可以通过传递参数设定,
 
-       为了完全取消时延,可以在关闭或重启系统时使用 -t0 参数
 
-       (如 <command>shutdown -t0 -r now</command>)。
 
-       <command>sendsignals</command> 脚本的时延可以通过设定参数
 
-       KILLDELAY=0 跳过。</para></listitem>
 
-   
 
-       </itemizedlist>
 
-   
 
-     </sect3>
 
-   </sect2>
 
- </sect1>
 
 
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