lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter05/gcc-pass2-inst.xml

<sect2><title>&nbsp;</title><para>&nbsp;</para></sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Re-installation of GCC</title>

<para>The tools required to test GCC and Binutils are installed now (Tcl, Expect
and DejaGnu). We can continue on rebuilding GCC and Binutils, link them against
the new Glibc, and test them properly. One thing to note, however, is that these
test suites are highly dependent on properly functioning pseudo terminals (PTYs)
which are provided by your host distribution. These days, PTYs are most commonly
implemented via the <emphasis>devpts</emphasis> file system. You can quickly
check if your host system is set up correctly in this regard by performing a
simple test:</para>

<screen><userinput>expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>

<para>If you receive the message:</para>

<blockquote><screen>The system has no more ptys.  Ask your system administrator to create more.</screen></blockquote>

<para>Your host distribution is not set up for proper PTY operation. In this
case there is no point in running the test suites for GCC and Binutils until you
are able to resolve the issue. You can consult the LFS Wiki at
<ulink url="http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/"/> for more information on how to
get PTYs working.</para>

<para>Unpack all three GCC tarballs (-core, -g++, and -testsuite) in one and the
same working directory. They will all unfold into a single
<filename>gcc-&gcc-version;/</filename> subdirectory.</para>

<para>First correct one problem and make an essential adjustment:</para>

<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&gcc-nofixincludes-patch;
patch -Np1 -i ../&gcc-specs-patch;</userinput></screen>

<para>The first patch disables the GCC "fixincludes" script.  We mentioned this
briefly earlier, but a slightly more in-depth explanation of the fixincludes 
process is warranted here.  Under normal circumstances, the GCC fixincludes
script scans your system for header files that need to be fixed.  It might find
that some Glibc header files on your host system need to be fixed, fix them and
put them in the GCC private include directory.  Then, later on in
<xref linkend="chapter06"/>, after we've installed the newer Glibc, this
private include directory would be searched before the system include
directory, resulting in GCC finding the fixed headers from the host system,
which would most likely not match the Glibc version actually used for the LFS
system.</para>

<para>The last patch changes GCC's default location of the dynamic linker
(typically <filename>ld-linux.so.2</filename>). It also removes
<filename class="directory">/usr/include</filename> from GCC's include search
path. Patching now rather than adjusting the specs file after installation
ensures that our new dynamic linker gets used during the actual build of GCC.
That is, all the final (and temporary) binaries created during the build will
link against the new Glibc.</para>

<important><para>These patches are <emphasis>critical</emphasis> in ensuring a
successful overall build. Do not forget to apply them.</para></important>

<para>Create a separate build directory again:</para>

<screen><userinput>mkdir ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>

<para>Before starting to build GCC, remember to unset any environment
variables that override the default optimization flags.</para>

<para>Now prepare GCC to be compiled:</para>

<screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure --prefix=/tools \
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--with-local-prefix=/tools \
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-shared \
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--enable-languages=c,c++</userinput></screen>

<para>The meaning of the new configure options:</para>

<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><userinput>--enable-threads=posix</userinput>: This enables
C++ exception handling for multi-threaded code.</para></listitem>

<listitem><para><userinput>--enable-__cxa_atexit</userinput>: This option
allows use of __cxa_atexit, rather than atexit, to register C++ destructors for
local statics and global objects and is essential for fully standards-compliant
handling of destructors. It also affects the C++ ABI and therefore results in
C++ shared libraries and C++ programs that are interoperable with other Linux
distributions.</para></listitem>

<listitem><para><userinput>--enable-clocale=gnu</userinput>: This option ensures
the correct locale model is selected for the C++ libraries under all
circumstances. If the configure script finds the <emphasis>de_DE</emphasis>
locale installed, it will select the correct model of <emphasis>gnu</emphasis>.
However, people who don't install the <emphasis>de_DE</emphasis> locale, run the
risk of building ABI incompatible C++ libraries due to the wrong locale model of
<emphasis>generic</emphasis> being selected.</para></listitem>

<listitem><para><userinput>--enable-languages=c,c++</userinput>: This option is
needed to ensure that both C and C++ compilers are built.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>

<para>There is no need to use the <userinput>bootstrap</userinput> target now,
as the compiler we're using to compile this GCC was built from the exact same
version of the GCC sources we used earlier.</para>

<note><para>It's worth pointing out that running the GCC test suite here
is considered not as important as running it in
<xref linkend="chapter06"/>.</para></note>

<para>Test the results:</para>

<screen><userinput>make -k check</userinput></screen>

<para>The <userinput>-k</userinput> flag is used to make the test suite run
through to completion and not stop at the first failure. The GCC test suite is
very comprehensive and is almost guaranteed to generate a few failures. To get
a summary of the test suite results, run this:</para>
 
<screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary | less</userinput></screen>

<para>You can compare your results to those posted to the gcc-testresults
mailing list for similar configurations to your own. For an example of how
current GCC-&gcc-version; should look on i686-pc-linux-gnu, see
<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/2003-08/msg01612.html"/>.</para>

<para>Note that the results contain:</para>

<screen>* 1 XPASS (unexpected pass) for g++
* 1 FAIL (unexpected failure) for g++
* 2 FAIL for gcc
* 26 XPASS's for libstdc++</screen>
 
<para>The unexpected pass for g++ is due to the use of
<userinput>--enable-__cxa_atexit</userinput>. Apparently not all platforms
supported by GCC have support for "__cxa_atexit" in their C libraries, so this
test is not always expected to pass.</para>

<para>The 26 unexpected passes for libstdc++ are due to the use of
<userinput>--enable-clocale=gnu</userinput>, which is the correct choice on
Glibc-based systems of versions 2.2.5 and above. The underlying locale support
in the GNU C library is superior to that of the otherwise selected "generic"
model (which may be applicable if for instance you were using Newlibc, Sun-libc
or whatever libc). The libstdc++ test suite is apparently expecting the
"generic" model, hence those tests are not always expected to pass.</para>

<para>Unexpected failures often cannot be avoided. The GCC developers are
usually aware of them but haven't yet gotten around to fixing them. In short,
unless your results are vastly different from those at the above URL, it is safe
to continue on.</para>

<para>And finally install the package:</para>                                              

<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>

<note><para>At this point it is strongly recommended to repeat the sanity check
we performed earlier in the chapter. Refer back to
<xref linkend="ch05-locking-glibc"/> and repeat the check. If the results are
wrong, then most likely you forgot to apply the above mentioned GCC Specs
patch.</para></note>

</sect2>