glibc.xml 38 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
  9. <sect1info condition="script">
  10. <productname>glibc</productname>
  11. <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
  12. <address>&glibc-url;</address>
  13. </sect1info>
  14. <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
  15. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
  16. <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
  17. </indexterm>
  18. <sect2 role="package">
  19. <title/>
  20. <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
  21. the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
  22. closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
  23. arithmetic, and so on.</para>
  24. <segmentedlist>
  25. <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  26. <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  27. <seglistitem>
  28. <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  29. <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
  30. </seglistitem>
  31. </segmentedlist>
  32. </sect2>
  33. <sect2 role="installation">
  34. <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
  35. <note>
  36. <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
  37. order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
  38. home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
  39. <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
  40. implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
  41. implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
  42. an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
  43. Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
  44. </note>
  45. <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
  46. perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
  47. pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
  48. and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
  49. Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
  50. of achieving a clean build.</para>
  51. <!--
  52. This should have been fixed a long time ago.
  53. <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
  54. loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
  55. bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
  56. avoid the problem:</para>
  57. <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
  58. -->
  59. <para>Fix a bug that causes the build to fail:</para>
  60. <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's#&lt;rpc/types.h&gt;#"rpc/types.h"#' sunrpc/rpc_clntout.c</userinput></screen>
  61. <!-- <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
  62. <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
  63. our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
  64. the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
  65. test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
  66. to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
  67. <screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
  68. sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
  69. scripts/test-installation.pl
  70. unset DL</userinput></screen>-->
  71. <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
  72. <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
  73. our newly installed Glibc. However, it contains a bug that causes it to
  74. fail, so prevent it from running by issuing the following command:</para>
  75. <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test-installation.pl/d' Makefile</userinput></screen>
  76. <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
  77. syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
  78. in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
  79. <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
  80. chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
  81. <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
  82. <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
  83. directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
  84. <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
  85. cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
  86. <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
  87. Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
  88. enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
  89. <screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
  90. i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
  91. esac</userinput></screen>
  92. <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
  93. <screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure \
  94. --prefix=/usr \
  95. --disable-profile \
  96. --enable-add-ons \
  97. --enable-kernel=2.6.25 \
  98. --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
  99. <variablelist>
  100. <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
  101. <varlistentry>
  102. <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
  103. <listitem>
  104. <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
  105. program from its default of <filename
  106. class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
  107. class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
  108. </listitem>
  109. </varlistentry>
  110. </variablelist>
  111. <para>Compile the package:</para>
  112. <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
  113. <important>
  114. <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
  115. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
  116. </important>
  117. <para>Before running the tests, copy a file from the source tree into our
  118. build tree to prevent a couple of test failures, then test the
  119. results:</para>
  120. <screen><userinput remap="test">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata
  121. make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
  122. grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
  123. <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
  124. <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> test. In addition the Glibc test suite
  125. is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
  126. common issues:</para>
  127. <itemizedlist>
  128. <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
  129. <!-- Haven;t seen this in quite a while <listitem>
  130. <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
  131. using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
  132. </listitem> -->
  133. <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6, rt/tst-cpuclock2 in glibc-2.11.1 -->
  134. <listitem>
  135. <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
  136. <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>, and
  137. <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
  138. tests have been known to fail. The
  139. reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
  140. timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
  141. </listitem>
  142. <listitem>
  143. <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
  144. systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
  145. authentic AMD processor.</para>
  146. </listitem>
  147. <listitem>
  148. <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
  149. <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
  150. test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
  151. use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
  152. </listitem>
  153. <listitem>
  154. <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
  155. load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
  156. Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
  157. help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
  158. make -k check</command>).</para>
  159. </listitem>
  160. <listitem>
  161. <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
  162. misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
  163. </listitem>
  164. </itemizedlist>
  165. <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
  166. complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
  167. Prevent this warning with:</para>
  168. <screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
  169. <para>Install the package:</para>
  170. <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
  171. <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
  172. default; these are required by several BLFS packages:</para>
  173. <screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
  174. cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc
  175. cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nis/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc</userinput></screen>
  176. <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
  177. were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
  178. but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
  179. skip important testcases.</para>
  180. <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
  181. <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
  182. <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
  183. <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
  184. charset-independent locale definition with the
  185. <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
  186. charmap definition and appends the result to the
  187. <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
  188. The following instructions will install the minimum set of
  189. locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
  190. <screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
  191. localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
  192. localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
  193. localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
  194. localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
  195. localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
  196. localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
  197. localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
  198. localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
  199. localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
  200. localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
  201. localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
  202. localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
  203. localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
  204. localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
  205. localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
  206. localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
  207. localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
  208. <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
  209. character set.</para>
  210. <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
  211. <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
  212. (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
  213. following time-consuming command:</para>
  214. <screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
  215. <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
  216. install locales not listed in the
  217. <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
  218. in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
  219. <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
  220. running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
  221. </sect2>
  222. <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
  223. <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
  224. <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
  225. <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
  226. </indexterm>
  227. <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
  228. <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
  229. </indexterm>
  230. <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
  231. because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
  232. the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
  233. also needs to be configured.</para>
  234. <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
  235. following:</para>
  236. <screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
  237. <literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
  238. passwd: files
  239. group: files
  240. shadow: files
  241. hosts: files dns
  242. networks: files
  243. protocols: files
  244. services: files
  245. ethers: files
  246. rpc: files
  247. # End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
  248. EOF</userinput></screen>
  249. <para>Install timezone data:</para>
  250. <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
  251. mkdir -pv /usr/share/zoneinfo/{posix,right} &amp;&amp;
  252. for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
  253. asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 systemv; do
  254. zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
  255. zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
  256. zic -L leapseconds -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
  257. done
  258. cp -v zone.tab /usr/share/zoneinfo &amp;&amp;
  259. zic -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -p America/New_York</userinput></screen>
  260. <variablelist>
  261. <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
  262. <varlistentry>
  263. <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
  264. <listitem>
  265. <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
  266. conventional to put these in both
  267. <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
  268. <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
  269. necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
  270. <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
  271. test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
  272. tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
  273. 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
  274. directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
  275. results</para>
  276. </listitem>
  277. </varlistentry>
  278. <varlistentry>
  279. <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
  280. <listitem>
  281. <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
  282. embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
  283. ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
  284. save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
  285. directory.</para>
  286. </listitem>
  287. </varlistentry>
  288. <varlistentry>
  289. <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
  290. <listitem>
  291. <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file.</para>
  292. </listitem>
  293. </varlistentry>
  294. </variablelist>
  295. <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
  296. script:</para>
  297. <screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
  298. <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
  299. output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
  300. <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
  301. timezones listed in <filename
  302. class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
  303. <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
  304. are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
  305. <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
  306. running:</para>
  307. <screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
  308. /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
  309. <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
  310. time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
  311. <variablelist>
  312. <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
  313. <varlistentry>
  314. <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
  315. <listitem>
  316. <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
  317. link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
  318. cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
  319. is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
  320. single user mode.</para>
  321. </listitem>
  322. </varlistentry>
  323. </variablelist>
  324. </sect2>
  325. <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
  326. <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
  327. <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
  328. <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
  329. </indexterm>
  330. <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
  331. class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
  332. <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
  333. class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
  334. needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
  335. directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
  336. <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
  337. to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
  338. dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
  339. to contain additional libraries are <filename
  340. class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
  341. class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
  342. dynamic loader's search path.</para>
  343. <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
  344. following:</para>
  345. <screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
  346. <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
  347. /usr/local/lib
  348. /opt/lib
  349. </literal>
  350. EOF</userinput></screen>
  351. <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
  352. include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
  353. this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
  354. To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
  355. <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
  356. <literal># Add an include directory
  357. include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
  358. </literal>
  359. EOF
  360. mkdir /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
  361. </sect2>
  362. <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
  363. <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
  364. <segmentedlist>
  365. <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
  366. <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
  367. <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
  368. <seglistitem>
  369. <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
  370. ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
  371. pt_chown, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
  372. zdump, and zic</seg>
  373. <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
  374. libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
  375. libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
  376. libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
  377. libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
  378. libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
  379. libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
  380. libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
  381. <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
  382. /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
  383. /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
  384. /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
  385. /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
  386. /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
  387. /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc,
  388. /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo</seg>
  389. </seglistitem>
  390. </segmentedlist>
  391. <variablelist>
  392. <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
  393. <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
  394. <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
  395. <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
  396. <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
  397. <listitem>
  398. <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
  399. terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
  400. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
  401. <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
  402. </indexterm>
  403. </listitem>
  404. </varlistentry>
  405. <varlistentry id="gencat">
  406. <term><command>gencat</command></term>
  407. <listitem>
  408. <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
  409. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
  410. <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
  411. </indexterm>
  412. </listitem>
  413. </varlistentry>
  414. <varlistentry id="getconf">
  415. <term><command>getconf</command></term>
  416. <listitem>
  417. <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
  418. specific variables</para>
  419. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
  420. <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
  421. </indexterm>
  422. </listitem>
  423. </varlistentry>
  424. <varlistentry id="getent">
  425. <term><command>getent</command></term>
  426. <listitem>
  427. <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
  428. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
  429. <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
  430. </indexterm>
  431. </listitem>
  432. </varlistentry>
  433. <varlistentry id="iconv">
  434. <term><command>iconv</command></term>
  435. <listitem>
  436. <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
  437. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
  438. <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
  439. </indexterm>
  440. </listitem>
  441. </varlistentry>
  442. <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
  443. <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
  444. <listitem>
  445. <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
  446. files</para>
  447. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
  448. <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
  449. </indexterm>
  450. </listitem>
  451. </varlistentry>
  452. <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
  453. <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
  454. <listitem>
  455. <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
  456. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
  457. <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
  458. </indexterm>
  459. </listitem>
  460. </varlistentry>
  461. <varlistentry id="ldd">
  462. <term><command>ldd</command></term>
  463. <listitem>
  464. <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
  465. by each given program or shared library</para>
  466. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
  467. <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
  468. </indexterm>
  469. </listitem>
  470. </varlistentry>
  471. <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
  472. <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
  473. <listitem>
  474. <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
  475. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
  476. <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
  477. </indexterm>
  478. </listitem>
  479. </varlistentry>
  480. <varlistentry id="locale">
  481. <term><command>locale</command></term>
  482. <listitem>
  483. <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
  484. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
  485. <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
  486. </indexterm>
  487. </listitem>
  488. </varlistentry>
  489. <varlistentry id="localedef">
  490. <term><command>localedef</command></term>
  491. <listitem>
  492. <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
  493. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
  494. <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
  495. </indexterm>
  496. </listitem>
  497. </varlistentry>
  498. <varlistentry id="mtrace">
  499. <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
  500. <listitem>
  501. <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
  502. in human-readable format</para>
  503. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
  504. <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
  505. </indexterm>
  506. </listitem>
  507. </varlistentry>
  508. <varlistentry id="nscd">
  509. <term><command>nscd</command></term>
  510. <listitem>
  511. <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
  512. service requests</para>
  513. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
  514. <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
  515. </indexterm>
  516. </listitem>
  517. </varlistentry>
  518. <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
  519. <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
  520. <listitem>
  521. <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
  522. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
  523. <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
  524. </indexterm>
  525. </listitem>
  526. </varlistentry>
  527. <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
  528. <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
  529. <listitem>
  530. <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
  531. group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
  532. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
  533. <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
  534. </indexterm>
  535. </listitem>
  536. </varlistentry>
  537. <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
  538. <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
  539. <listitem>
  540. <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
  541. protocol</para>
  542. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
  543. <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
  544. </indexterm>
  545. </listitem>
  546. </varlistentry>
  547. <varlistentry id="sln">
  548. <term><command>sln</command></term>
  549. <listitem>
  550. <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
  551. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
  552. <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
  553. </indexterm>
  554. </listitem>
  555. </varlistentry>
  556. <varlistentry id="sotruss">
  557. <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
  558. <listitem>
  559. <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
  560. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
  561. <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
  562. </indexterm>
  563. </listitem>
  564. </varlistentry>
  565. <varlistentry id="sprof">
  566. <term><command>sprof</command></term>
  567. <listitem>
  568. <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
  569. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
  570. <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
  571. </indexterm>
  572. </listitem>
  573. </varlistentry>
  574. <varlistentry id="tzselect">
  575. <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
  576. <listitem>
  577. <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
  578. the corresponding time zone description</para>
  579. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
  580. <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
  581. </indexterm>
  582. </listitem>
  583. </varlistentry>
  584. <varlistentry id="xtrace">
  585. <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
  586. <listitem>
  587. <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
  588. executed function</para>
  589. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
  590. <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
  591. </indexterm>
  592. </listitem>
  593. </varlistentry>
  594. <varlistentry id="zdump">
  595. <term><command>zdump</command></term>
  596. <listitem>
  597. <para>The time zone dumper</para>
  598. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
  599. <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
  600. </indexterm>
  601. </listitem>
  602. </varlistentry>
  603. <varlistentry id="zic">
  604. <term><command>zic</command></term>
  605. <listitem>
  606. <para>The time zone compiler</para>
  607. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
  608. <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
  609. </indexterm>
  610. </listitem>
  611. </varlistentry>
  612. <varlistentry id="ld.so">
  613. <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
  614. <listitem>
  615. <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
  616. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
  617. <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
  618. </indexterm>
  619. </listitem>
  620. </varlistentry>
  621. <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
  622. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
  623. <listitem>
  624. <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
  625. (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
  626. <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
  627. for more information</para>
  628. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
  629. <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
  630. </indexterm>
  631. </listitem>
  632. </varlistentry>
  633. <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
  634. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
  635. <listitem>
  636. <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
  637. <command>catchsegv</command></para>
  638. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
  639. <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
  640. </indexterm>
  641. </listitem>
  642. </varlistentry>
  643. <varlistentry id="libanl">
  644. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
  645. <listitem>
  646. <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
  647. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
  648. <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
  649. </indexterm>
  650. </listitem>
  651. </varlistentry>
  652. <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
  653. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
  654. <listitem>
  655. <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
  656. Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
  657. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
  658. <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
  659. </indexterm>
  660. </listitem>
  661. </varlistentry>
  662. <varlistentry id="libc">
  663. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
  664. <listitem>
  665. <para>The main C library</para>
  666. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
  667. <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
  668. </indexterm>
  669. </listitem>
  670. </varlistentry>
  671. <varlistentry id="libcidn">
  672. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
  673. <listitem>
  674. <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
  675. names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
  676. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
  677. <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
  678. </indexterm>
  679. </listitem>
  680. </varlistentry>
  681. <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
  682. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
  683. <listitem>
  684. <para>The cryptography library</para>
  685. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
  686. <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
  687. </indexterm>
  688. </listitem>
  689. </varlistentry>
  690. <varlistentry id="libdl">
  691. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
  692. <listitem>
  693. <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
  694. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
  695. <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
  696. </indexterm>
  697. </listitem>
  698. </varlistentry>
  699. <varlistentry id="libg">
  700. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
  701. <listitem>
  702. <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
  703. library for <command>g++</command></para>
  704. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
  705. <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
  706. </indexterm>
  707. </listitem>
  708. </varlistentry>
  709. <varlistentry id="libieee">
  710. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
  711. <listitem>
  712. <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
  713. functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
  714. Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
  715. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
  716. <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
  717. </indexterm>
  718. </listitem>
  719. </varlistentry>
  720. <varlistentry id="libm">
  721. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
  722. <listitem>
  723. <para>The mathematical library</para>
  724. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
  725. <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
  726. </indexterm>
  727. </listitem>
  728. </varlistentry>
  729. <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
  730. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
  731. <listitem>
  732. <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
  733. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
  734. <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
  735. </indexterm>
  736. </listitem>
  737. </varlistentry>
  738. <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
  739. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
  740. <listitem>
  741. <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
  742. information about the memory usage of a program</para>
  743. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
  744. <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
  745. </indexterm>
  746. </listitem>
  747. </varlistentry>
  748. <varlistentry id="libnsl">
  749. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
  750. <listitem>
  751. <para>The network services library</para>
  752. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
  753. <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
  754. </indexterm>
  755. </listitem>
  756. </varlistentry>
  757. <varlistentry id="libnss">
  758. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
  759. <listitem>
  760. <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
  761. resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
  762. protocols, etc.</para>
  763. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
  764. <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
  765. </indexterm>
  766. </listitem>
  767. </varlistentry>
  768. <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
  769. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
  770. <listitem>
  771. <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
  772. time spent in specific source code lines</para>
  773. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
  774. <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
  775. </indexterm>
  776. </listitem>
  777. </varlistentry>
  778. <varlistentry id="libpthread">
  779. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
  780. <listitem>
  781. <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
  782. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
  783. <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
  784. </indexterm>
  785. </listitem>
  786. </varlistentry>
  787. <varlistentry id="libresolv">
  788. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
  789. <listitem>
  790. <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
  791. packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
  792. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
  793. <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
  794. </indexterm>
  795. </listitem>
  796. </varlistentry>
  797. <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
  798. <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
  799. <listitem>
  800. <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
  801. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
  802. <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
  803. </indexterm>
  804. </listitem>
  805. </varlistentry>
  806. <varlistentry id="librt">
  807. <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
  808. <listitem>
  809. <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
  810. by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
  811. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
  812. <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
  813. </indexterm>
  814. </listitem>
  815. </varlistentry>
  816. <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
  817. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
  818. <listitem>
  819. <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
  820. multi-threaded programs</para>
  821. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
  822. <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
  823. </indexterm>
  824. </listitem>
  825. </varlistentry>
  826. <varlistentry id="libutil">
  827. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
  828. <listitem>
  829. <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
  830. many different Unix utilities</para>
  831. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
  832. <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
  833. </indexterm>
  834. </listitem>
  835. </varlistentry>
  836. </variablelist>
  837. </sect2>
  838. </sect1>