lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter06/groff.xml

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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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<sect1 id="ch-system-groff" role="wrap">
<title>Groff-&groff-version;</title>
<?dbhtml filename="groff.html"?>

<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff"><primary sortas="a-Groff">Groff</primary></indexterm>

<sect2 role="package"><title/>
<para>The Groff package contains programs for processing and formatting text.</para>

<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
<seglistitem><seg>0.5 SBU</seg><seg>38.7 MB</seg></seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>

<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>&dependencies;</segtitle>
<seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils,
Gawk, GCC, Glibc, Grep, Make, and Sed</seg></seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>
</sect2>

<sect2 role="installation">
<title>Installation of Groff</title>

<para>Apply the patch that adds the "ascii8" and "nippon" devices to Groff:</para>

<screen><userinput>zcat ../&groff-debian-patch; | patch -Np1</userinput></screen>

<note><para>These devices are used by Man-DB when formatting non-English manual
pages that are not in the ISO-8859-1 encoding. There is no working patch for
Groff-1.19.x that adds this functionality at the time of this writing.
<!-- Details: http://bugs.debian.org/196762 -->
</para></note>

<para>Many screen fonts don't have Unicode dashes in them. Tell groff to use
the ASCII hyphen instead:</para>

<screen><userinput>sed -i 's,2010,002D,' font/devutf8/R.proto
sed -i 's,2212,002D,' font/devutf8/R.proto</userinput></screen>

<para>Groff expects the environment variable <envar>PAGE</envar>
to contain the default paper size. For users in the United States,
<parameter>PAGE=letter</parameter> is appropriate. Elsewhere,
<parameter>PAGE=A4</parameter> may be more suitable.
The default paper size can be changed after installation by writing
the word "A4" or "letter" to the <filename>/etc/papersize</filename>
file.</para>

<para>Prepare Groff for compilation:</para>

<screen><userinput>PAGE=<replaceable>[paper_size]</replaceable> ./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>

<para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>

<para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>

<para>Install the package:</para>

<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>

<para>Some documentation programs, such as <command>xman</command>,
will not work properly without the following symlinks:</para>

<screen><userinput>ln -sv soelim /usr/bin/zsoelim
ln -sv eqn /usr/bin/geqn
ln -sv tbl /usr/bin/gtbl</userinput></screen>

</sect2>


<sect2 id="contents-groff" role="content"><title>Contents of Groff</title>

<segmentedlist>
<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
<seglistitem><seg>addftinfo, afmtodit, eqn, eqn2graph, geqn (link to eqn), grn,
grodvi, groff, groffer, grog, grolbp, grolj4, grops, grotty, gtbl (link to tbl), hpftodit,
indxbib, lkbib, lookbib, mmroff, neqn, nroff, pfbtops, pic, pic2graph, post-grohtml,
pre-grohtml, refer, soelim, tbl, tfmtodit, troff, and zsoelim (link to soelim)</seg></seglistitem>
</segmentedlist>

<variablelist><bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

<varlistentry id="addftinfo">
<term><command>addftinfo</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reads a troff font file and adds some
additional font-metric information that is used by the <command>groff</command> system</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff addftinfo"><primary sortas="b-addftinfo">addftinfo</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="afmtodit">
<term><command>afmtodit</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates a font file for use with <command>groff</command> and <command>grops</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff afmtodit"><primary sortas="b-afmtodit">afmtodit</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="eqn">
<term><command>eqn</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Compiles descriptions of equations embedded
within troff input files into commands that are understood by <command>troff</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff eqn"><primary sortas="b-eqn">eqn</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="eqn2graph">
<term><command>eqn2graph</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Converts a troff EQN (equation) into a cropped image</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff eqn2graph"><primary sortas="b-eqn2graph">eqn2graph</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="geqn">
<term><command>geqn</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A link to <command>eqn</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff geqn"><primary sortas="b-geqn">geqn</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="grn">
<term><command>grn</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A <command>groff</command> preprocessor for gremlin files</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grn"><primary sortas="b-grn">grn</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="grodvi">
<term><command>grodvi</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A driver for <command>groff</command> that produces TeX dvi format</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grodvi"><primary sortas="b-grodvi">grodvi</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="groff">
<term><command>groff</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A front-end to the groff document
formatting system; normally, it runs the <command>troff</command> program and a post-processor
appropriate for the selected device</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff groff"><primary sortas="b-groff">groff</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="groffer">
<term><command>groffer</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Displays groff files and man pages on X and tty terminals</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff groffer"><primary sortas="b-groffer">groffer</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="grog">
<term><command>grog</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reads files and guesses which of the <command>groff</command>
options <parameter>-e</parameter>, <parameter>-man</parameter>, 
<parameter>-me</parameter>, <parameter>-mm</parameter>,
<parameter>-ms</parameter>, <parameter>-p</parameter>, <parameter>-s</parameter>, 
and <parameter>-t</parameter> are required for printing
files, and reports the <command>groff</command> command including those options</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grog"><primary sortas="b-grog">grog</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="grolbp">
<term><command>grolbp</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Is a <command>groff</command> driver for Canon CAPSL printers
(LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser printers)</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolbp"><primary sortas="b-grolbp">grolbp</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="grolj4">
<term><command>grolj4</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Is a driver for <command>groff</command> that produces output
in PCL5 format suitable for an HP LaserJet 4 printer</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grolj4"><primary sortas="b-grolj4">grolj4</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="grops">
<term><command>grops</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to PostScript</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grops"><primary sortas="b-grops">grops</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="grotty">
<term><command>grotty</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> into
a form suitable for typewriter-like devices</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff grotty"><primary sortas="b-grotty">grotty</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="gtbl">
<term><command>gtbl</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A link to <command>tbl</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff gtbl"><primary sortas="b-gtbl">gtbl</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="hpftodit">
<term><command>hpftodit</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates a font file for use with
<command>groff -Tlj4</command> from an HP-tagged font metric file</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff hpftodit"><primary sortas="b-hpftodit">hpftodit</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="indxbib">
<term><command>indxbib</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates an inverted index for the bibliographic databases with a specified file for 
use with <command>refer</command>, <command>lookbib</command>, and <command>lkbib</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff indxbib"><primary sortas="b-indxbib">indxbib</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="lkbib">
<term><command>lkbib</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Searches bibliographic databases for references that contain
specified keys and reports any references found</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff lkbib"><primary sortas="b-lkbib">lkbib</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="lookbib">
<term><command>lookbib</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Prints a prompt on the standard error (unless the standard input
is not a terminal), reads a line containing a
set of keywords from the standard input, searches the bibliographic databases in a specified
file for references containing those keywords, prints any references
found on the standard output, and repeats this process until the end
of input</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff lookbib"><primary sortas="b-lookbib">lookbib</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="mmroff">
<term><command>mmroff</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A simple preprocessor for <command>groff</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff mmroff"><primary sortas="b-mmroff">mmroff</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="neqn">
<term><command>neqn</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Formats equations for American Standard Code for Information 
Interchange (ASCII) output</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff neqn"><primary sortas="b-neqn">neqn</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="nroff">
<term><command>nroff</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A script that emulates the <command>nroff</command> command using <command>groff</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff nroff"><primary sortas="b-nroff">nroff</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="pfbtops">
<term><command>pfbtops</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Translates a PostScript font in <filename class="extension">.pfb</filename> format to ASCII</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pfbtops"><primary sortas="b-pfbtops">pfbtops</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="pic">
<term><command>pic</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Compiles descriptions of pictures embedded
within troff or TeX input files into commands understood by TeX or <command>troff</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pic"><primary sortas="b-pic">pic</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="pic2graph">
<term><command>pic2graph</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Converts a PIC diagram into a cropped image</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pic2graph"><primary sortas="b-pic2graph">pic2graph</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="post-grohtml">
<term><command>post-grohtml</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to HTML</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff post-grohtml"><primary sortas="b-post-grohtml">post-grohtml</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="pre-grohtml">
<term><command>pre-grohtml </command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Translates the output of GNU <command>troff</command> to HTML</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff pre-grohtml"><primary sortas="b-pre-grohtml">pre-grohtml</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="refer">
<term><command>refer</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Copies the contents of a file to the standard output, except
that lines between <emphasis>.[</emphasis> and <emphasis>.]</emphasis>
are interpreted as citations, and lines between
<emphasis>.R1</emphasis> and <emphasis>.R2</emphasis> are interpreted
as commands for how citations are to be processed</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff refer"><primary sortas="b-refer">refer</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="soelim">
<term><command>soelim</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reads files and replaces lines of the form
<emphasis>.so file</emphasis> by the contents of the mentioned
<emphasis>file</emphasis></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff soelim"><primary sortas="b-soelim">soelim</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="tbl">
<term><command>tbl</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Compiles descriptions of tables embedded
within troff input files into commands that are understood by <command>troff</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff tbl"><primary sortas="b-tbl">tbl</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="tfmtodit">
<term><command>tfmtodit</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Creates a font file for use with <command>groff -Tdvi</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff tfmtodit"><primary sortas="b-tfmtodit">tfmtodit</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="troff">
<term><command>troff</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Is highly compatible with Unix <command>troff</command>; it
should usually be invoked using the
<command>groff</command> command, which will also run preprocessors and post-processors in the
appropriate order and with the appropriate options</para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff troff"><primary sortas="b-troff">troff</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>

<varlistentry id="zsoelim">
<term><command>zsoelim</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>A link to <command>soelim</command></para>
<indexterm zone="ch-system-groff zsoelim"><primary sortas="b-zsoelim">zsoelim</primary></indexterm>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>

</sect2>

</sect1>