lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter04/addinguser.xml

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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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<sect1 id="ch-tools-addinguser">
  <?dbhtml filename="addinguser.html"?>

  <title>添加 LFS 用户</title>

  <!--para>When logged in as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
  making a single mistake can damage or destroy a system. Therefore, we
  recommend building the packages in this chapter as an unprivileged user.
  You could use your own user name, but to make it easier to set up a clean
  working environment, create a new user called <systemitem
  class="username">lfs</systemitem> as a member of a new group (also named
  <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>) and use this user during
  the installation process. As <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
  issue the following commands to add the new user:</para-->
  <para>当作为 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 用户登录时，
	  一个简单的错误就可能损坏或摧毁整个系统。
	  因此，我们建议以非特权用户身份编译
	  <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> 中的软件包。
	  您可以用自己的系统用户，但为了更容易地建立一个干净的工作环境，
	  您最好创建一个叫做 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>
	  的新用户，以及它从属于的一个新组 (这个组也叫做
	  <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>) 的成员，
	  以便我们在编译过程中使用。为了创建新用户，以
	  <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 身份执行下列命令：
  </para>

<screen><userinput>groupadd lfs
useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs</userinput></screen>

  <variablelist>
    <title>命令行各选项的含义:</title>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><parameter>-s /bin/bash</parameter></term>
      <listitem>
        <para>设置 <command>bash</command> 为用户
        <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>的默认 shell 。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><parameter>-g lfs</parameter></term>
      <listitem>
        <para>添加用户 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>
        到组 <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem> 。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><parameter>-m</parameter></term>
      <listitem>
        <para>为用户 <systemitem
        class="username">lfs</systemitem> 创建一个主目录。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><parameter>-k /dev/null</parameter></term>
      <listitem>
		  <para>将模板目录设置为空设备文件，从而不从默认模板目录 
		  	  (<filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>)
		  复制文件到新的主目录。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
      <term><parameter>lfs</parameter></term>
      <listitem>
        <para>要创建的用户和组的名称。</para>
      </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

  </variablelist>

  <!--para>To log in as <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> (as opposed
  to switching to user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> when logged
  in as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, which does not require
  the <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> user to have a password),
  give <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> a password:</para-->

  <para>为了以 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 身份登录系统
	  (尽管以 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 
	  身份登录时可以不用输入密码切换到用户
	  <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>)，
	  为 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 设置密码：</para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput>passwd lfs</userinput></screen>

  <!--para>Grant <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> full access to
  <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> by making
  <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> the directory owner:</para-->

  <para>将 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 设为
	  <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> 目录的所有者，
	  使 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 
	  对这个目录拥有完全访问权：</para>

<screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/tools</userinput></screen>

  <!--para>If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give
  user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> ownership of this
  directory:</para-->
  <para>如果您按照本书的建议，建立了一个单独的工作目录，
	  那么将这个目录的所有者也设为
	  <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>：</para>

<screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>

  <!--para>Next, login as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>.
  This can be done via a virtual console, through a display manager, or with
  the following substitute user command:</para-->
  <para>下面以 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 的身份登录。
	  可以在显示管理器中的虚拟控制台登录，也可以使用下面的命令切换用户：
  </para>

<screen role="nodump"><userinput>su - lfs</userinput></screen>

  <!--para>The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs
  <command>su</command> to start a login shell as opposed to a non-login shell.
  The difference between these two types of shells can be found in detail in
  <filename>bash(1)</filename> and <command>info bash</command>.</para-->

  <para>参数 <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> 使得
  <command>su</command> 启动一个登录 shell ，而不是非登录 shell 。
  您可以阅读
  <filename>bash(1)</filename> 和 <command>info bash</command>
  详细了解它们的区别。</para>

</sect1>