lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter06/shadowpwd-inst.xml

<sect2><title>&nbsp;</title><para>&nbsp;</para></sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Installation of Shadow</title>

<para>The <userinput>login</userinput>, <userinput>getty</userinput> and
<userinput>init</userinput> programs (and some others) maintain a number
of logfiles to record who are and who were logged in to the system.  These
programs, however, don't create these logfiles when they don't exist, so if
you want this logging to occur you will have to create the files yourself.
The Shadow package needs to detect these files in their proper place, so we
create them now, with their proper permissions:</para>

<screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chmod 644 /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}</userinput></screen>

<para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file lists the users that are
currently logged in, the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file who
<emphasis>were</emphasis> logged in and when.
The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file shows for each user when he
or she last logged in, and the <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> lists the
bad login attempts.</para>

<para>Shadow hard-wires the path to the <userinput>passwd</userinput> binary
within the binary itself, but does this the wrong way. If a
<userinput>passwd</userinput> binary is not present before installing Shadow,
the package incorrectly assumes it is going to be located at
<filename>/bin/passwd</filename>, but then installs it in
<filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename>. This will lead to errors about not finding
<filename>/bin/passwd</filename>. To work around this bug, create a dummy
<filename>passwd</filename> file, so that it gets hard-wired properly:</para>

<screen><userinput>touch /usr/bin/passwd</userinput></screen>

<para>The current Shadow suite has a problem that causes in the
<userinput>newgrp</userinput> command to fail.  The following patch (also
appearing in Shadow's CVS code) fixes this problem:</para>

<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&shadow-patch;</userinput></screen>

<para>Now prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>

<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared</userinput></screen>

<para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>

<para>And install it:</para>

<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>

<para>Shadow uses two files to configure authentication settings for the
system. Install these two config files:</para>

<screen><userinput>cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen>

<para>We want to change the password method to enable MD5 passwords which are
theoretically more secure than the default "crypt" method and also allow
password lengths greater than 8 characters. We also need to change the old
<filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user
mailboxes to the current location at
<filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename>. We do this by changing the
relevant configuration file while copying it to its destination:</para>

<screen><userinput>sed -e 's%/var/spool/mail%/var/mail%' \
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-e 's%#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no%MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes%' \
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;etc/login.defs.linux &gt; /etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>

<note><para>Be extra careful when typing all of the above. It is probably safer
to cut-and-paste it rather than try and type it all in.</para></note>

<para>According to the man page of <userinput>vipw</userinput>, a
<userinput>vigr</userinput> program should exist too. Since the installation
procedure doesn't create this program, create a symlink manually:</para>

<screen><userinput>ln -s vipw /usr/sbin/vigr</userinput></screen>

<para>As the <filename>/bin/vipw</filename> symlink is redundant (and even
pointing to a non-existent file), remove it:</para>

<screen><userinput>rm /bin/vipw</userinput></screen>

<para>Now move the <userinput>sg</userinput> program to its proper place:</para>

<screen><userinput>mv /bin/sg /usr/bin</userinput></screen>

<para>And move Shadow's dynamic libraries to a more appropriate location:</para>

<screen><userinput>mv /usr/lib/lib{shadow,misc}.so.0* /lib</userinput></screen>

<para>As some packages expect to find the just-moved libraries in
<filename>/usr/lib</filename>, create the following symlinks:</para>

<screen><userinput>ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so
ln -sf ../../lib/libmisc.so.0 /usr/lib/libmisc.so</userinput></screen>

<para>Coreutils has already installed a <userinput>groups</userinput> program
in <filename>/usr/bin</filename>. If you wish, you can remove the one
installed by Shadow:</para>

<screen><userinput>rm /bin/groups</userinput></screen>

</sect2>