lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter05/gcc-pass2.xml

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<sect1 id="ch-tools-gcc-pass2" role="wrap">
  <?dbhtml filename="gcc-pass2.html"?>

  <sect1info condition="script">
    <productname>gcc</productname>
    <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
    <address>&gcc-url;</address>
  </sect1info>

  <title>GCC-&gcc-version; - Pass 2</title>

  <indexterm zone="ch-tools-gcc-pass2">
    <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
    <secondary>tools, pass 2</secondary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title/>

    <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
    href="../chapter06/gcc.xml"
    xpointer="xpointer(/sect1/sect2[1]/para[1])"/>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>&gcc-ch5p2-sbu;</seg>
        <seg>&gcc-ch5p2-du;</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of GCC</title>

    <para>Our first build of GCC has installed a couple of internal system
    headers.  Normally one of them, <filename>limits.h</filename> will in turn
    include the corresponding system <filename>limits.h</filename> header, in
    this case, <filename>/tools/include/limits.h</filename>. However, at the
    time of the first build of gcc <filename>/tools/include/limits.h</filename>
    did not exist, so the internal header that GCC installed is a partial,
    self-contained file and does not include the extended features of the
    system header. This was adequate for building the temporary libc, but this
    build of GCC now requires the full internal header.  Create a full version
    of the internal header using a command that is identical to what the GCC
    build system does in normal circumstances:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">cat gcc/limitx.h gcc/glimits.h gcc/limity.h &gt; \
  `dirname $($LFS_TGT-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/include-fixed/limits.h</userinput></screen>

    <para>Under normal circumstances the GCC <command>fixincludes</command> script
    is run in order to fix potentially broken header files. As GCC-&gcc-version;
    and Glibc-&glibc-version; have already been installed at this point, and
    their respective header files are known to not require fixing, the
    <command>fixincludes</command> script is not required. In fact, running
    this script may actually pollute the build environment by
    installing fixed headers from the host system into GCC's private include
    directory. The running of the <command>fixincludes</command> script can
    be suppressed by issuing the following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.orig}
sed 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in.orig &gt; gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>

    <para>For x86 machines, a bootstrap build of GCC uses the
    <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag.  Non-bootstrap builds
    omit this flag by default, and the goal should be to produce a compiler
    that is exactly the same as if it were bootstrapped.  Apply the following
    <command>sed</command> command to force the build to use the flag:</para> 

<screen><userinput remap="pre">cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.tmp}
sed 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in.tmp \
  &gt; gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>

    <para>Once again, change the location of GCC's default dynamic linker to
    use the one installed in <filename
    class="directory">/tools</filename>.</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in \
 $(find gcc/config -name linux64.h -o -name linux.h -o -name sysv4.h)
do
  cp -uv $file{,.orig}
  sed -e 's@/lib\(64\)\?\(32\)\?/ld@/tools&amp;@g' \
  -e 's@/usr@/tools@g' $file.orig &gt; $file
  echo '
#undef STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_1
#undef STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_2
#define STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_1 "/tools/lib/"
#define STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_2 ""' &gt;&gt; $file
  touch $file.orig
done</userinput></screen>

    <para>As in the first build of GCC it requires the GMP, MPFR and MPC
    packages. Unpack the tarballs and move them into the required directory
    names:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">tar -jxf ../mpfr-&mpfr-version;.tar.bz2
mv -v mpfr-&mpfr-version; mpfr
tar -Jxf ../gmp-&gmp-version;.tar.xz
mv -v gmp-&gmp-version; gmp
tar -zxf ../mpc-&mpc-version;.tar.gz
mv -v mpc-&mpc-version; mpc</userinput></screen>

    <para>Create a separate build directory again:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>

    <para>Before starting to build GCC, remember to unset any environment
    variables that override the default optimization flags.</para>

    <para>Now prepare GCC for compilation:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="$LFS_TGT-gcc" \
AR=$LFS_TGT-ar                  \
RANLIB=$LFS_TGT-ranlib          \
../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure          \
    --prefix=/tools             \
    --with-local-prefix=/tools  \
    --with-native-system-header-dir=/tools/include \
    --enable-clocale=gnu        \
    --enable-shared             \
    --enable-threads=posix      \
    --enable-__cxa_atexit       \
    --enable-languages=c,c++    \
    --disable-libstdcxx-pch     \
    --disable-multilib          \
    --disable-bootstrap         \
    --disable-libgomp           \
    --with-mpfr-include=$(pwd)/../gcc-&gcc-version;/mpfr/src \
    --with-mpfr-lib=$(pwd)/mpfr/src/.libs</userinput></screen>

    <variablelist>
      <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--enable-clocale=gnu</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This option ensures the correct locale model is selected
          for the C++ libraries under all circumstances. If the configure
          script finds the <emphasis>de_DE</emphasis> locale installed,
          it will select the correct gnu locale model. However, if the
          <emphasis>de_DE</emphasis> locale is not installed, there is the
          risk of building Application Binary Interface (ABI)-incompatible
          C++ libraries because the incorrect generic locale model may be
          selected.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--enable-threads=posix</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This enables C++ exception handling for multi-threaded code.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--enable-__cxa_atexit</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This option allows use of <function>__cxa_atexit</function>,
          rather than <function>atexit</function>, to register C++ destructors
          for local statics and global objects. This option is essential for
          fully standards-compliant handling of destructors. It also affects
          the C++ ABI, and therefore results in C++ shared libraries and C++
          programs that are interoperable with other Linux distributions.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--enable-languages=c,c++</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>This option ensures that both the C and C++ compilers are
          built.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--disable-libstdcxx-pch</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Do not build the pre-compiled header (PCH) for
          <filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename>. It takes up a
          lot of space, and we have no use for it.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><parameter>--disable-bootstrap</parameter></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>For native builds of GCC, the default is to do a "bootstrap"
          build. This does not just compile GCC, but compiles it several times.
          It uses the programs compiled in a first round to compile itself a
          second time, and then again a third time.  The second and third
          iterations are compared to make sure it can reproduce itself
          flawlessly. This also implies that it was compiled correctly.
          However, the LFS build method should provide a solid compiler
          without the need to bootstrap each time.</para> 
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    <para>Compile the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>

    <para>Install the package:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>

    <para>As a finishing touch, create a symlink. Many programs and scripts
    run <command>cc</command> instead of <command>gcc</command>, which is
    used to keep programs generic and therefore usable on all kinds of UNIX
    systems where the GNU C compiler is not always installed. Running
    <command>cc</command> leaves the system administrator free to decide
    which C compiler to install:</para>

<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -vs gcc /tools/bin/cc</userinput></screen>

  <caution>
    <para>At this point, it is imperative to stop and ensure that the basic
    functions (compiling and linking) of the new toolchain are working as
    expected. To perform a sanity check, run the following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput>echo 'main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
cc dummy.c
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /tools'</userinput></screen>

    <para>If everything is working correctly, there should be no errors,
    and the output of the last command will be of the form:</para>

<screen><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>

    <para>Note that <filename class="directory">/tools/lib</filename>, or
    <filename class="directory">/tools/lib64</filename> for 64-bit machines
    appears as the prefix of the dynamic linker.</para>

    <para>If the output is not shown as above or there was no output at all,
    then something is wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out
    where the problem is and correct it. This issue must be resolved before
    continuing on. First, perform the sanity check again, using
    <command>gcc</command> instead of <command>cc</command>. If this works,
    then the <filename class="symlink">/tools/bin/cc</filename> symlink is
    missing. Install the symlink as per above.
    Next, ensure that the <envar>PATH</envar> is correct. This
    can be checked by running <command>echo $PATH</command> and verifying that
    <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> is at the head of the
    list. If the <envar>PATH</envar> is wrong it could mean that you are not
    logged in as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> or that
    something went wrong back in <xref linkend="ch-tools-settingenviron"
    role="."/></para>

    <para>Once all is well, clean up the test files:</para>

<screen><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out</userinput></screen>

  </caution>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title/>

    <para>Details on this package are located in
    <xref linkend="contents-gcc" role="."/></para>

  </sect2>

</sect1>