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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">  %general-entities;]><sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">  <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>  <sect1info condition="script">    <productname>systemd</productname>    <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>    <address>&systemd-url;</address>  </sect1info>  <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>  <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">    <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>  </indexterm>  <sect2 role="package">    <title/>    <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,    running, and shutdown of the system.</para>    <segmentedlist>      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>      <seglistitem>        <seg>&systemd-ch6-sbu;</seg>        <seg>&systemd-ch6-du;</seg>      </seglistitem>    </segmentedlist>  </sect2>  <sect2 role="installation">    <title>Installation of systemd</title>    <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para><screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>    <para>Set up the man pages:</para><screen><userinput remap="pre">tar -xf ../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</userinput></screen>    <para>Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:</para><screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '178,222d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput></screen>    <para>Remove an unneeded group,    <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>, from the default udev    rules:</para><screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/GROUP="render", //' rules/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>    <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>    <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p buildcd       buildLANG=en_US.UTF-8                   \meson --prefix=/usr                \      --sysconfdir=/etc            \      --localstatedir=/var         \      -Dblkid=true                 \      -Dbuildtype=release          \      -Ddefault-dnssec=no          \      -Dfirstboot=false            \      -Dinstall-tests=false        \      -Dkill-path=/bin/kill        \      -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod        \      -Dldconfig=false             \      -Dmount-path=/bin/mount      \      -Drootprefix=                \      -Drootlibdir=/lib            \      -Dsplit-usr=true             \      -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \      -Dsysusers=false             \      -Dumount-path=/bin/umount    \      -Db_lto=false                \      ..</userinput></screen>    <variablelist>      <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>      <varlistentry>        <term><parameter>-D*-path=*</parameter></term>        <listitem>          <para>These switches provide location of binaries needed by          systemd at runtime that have not yet been installed, or who's          pkgconfig files are currently only in          <filename>/tools/lib/pkgconfig</filename>.</para>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry>        <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>        <listitem>          <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry>        <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>        <listitem>          <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd          services responsible for setting up the system for          the first time. They are not useful for LFS because          everything is done manually.</para>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry>        <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>        <listitem>          <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry>        <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>        <listitem>          <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs          <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source          distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it          if the described feature is desired.</para>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry>        <term><parameter>-Droot*</parameter></term>        <listitem>          <para>These switches ensure that core programs and          shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories          of the root partition.</para>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry>        <term><parameter>-Dsplit-usr=true</parameter></term>        <listitem>          <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on          systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not          symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry>        <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>        <listitem>          <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd          services responsible for setting up the          <filename>/etc/group</filename> and          <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files          were created earlier in this chapter.</para>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>    </variablelist>    <para>Compile the package:</para><screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen><!--    <para>To test the package, execute the following command:</para><screen><userinput remap="test">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja test</userinput></screen>-->    <para>Install the package:</para><screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>    <para>Remove an unnecessary directory:</para><screen><userinput remap="install">rm -rfv /usr/lib/rpm</userinput></screen>    <para>Create the Sysvinit compatibility symlinks, so systemd is used    as the default init system:</para><screen><userinput remap="install">for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do     ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/${tool}doneln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init</userinput></screen>    <para>Remove our earlier created symlink for xsltproc:</para><screen><userinput remap="install">rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>    <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by    <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para><screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>    <para>Create the <filename>/lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</filename>    script to allow unprivileged user logins without    <application>systemd-logind</application>:</para><screen><userinput remap="adjust">cat > /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions << "EOF"#!/bin/bashrm -f /run/nologinEOFchmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>  </sect2>  <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">    <title>Contents of systemd</title>    <segmentedlist>      <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>      <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>      <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>      <seglistitem>        <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt, hostnamectl, init, journalctl,        kernel-install, localectl, loginctl, machinectl, networkctl, poweroff,        reboot, runlevel, shutdown, systemctl, systemd-analyze,        systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,        systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb,        systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup, systemd-mount,         systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path, systemd-resolve,         systemd-run, systemd-socket-activate,        systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,        telinit, timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>        <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,        libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,         libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-231.so,        and libudev.so</seg>        <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,        /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,        /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,        /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d,        /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,        /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,        /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>      </seglistitem>    </segmentedlist>    <variablelist>      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>      <varlistentry id="bootctl">        <term><command>bootctl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">            <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="busctl">        <term><command>busctl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">            <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">        <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd Journal</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">            <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="halt">        <term><command>halt</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the          <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,          then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the          file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being          brought down</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">            <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">        <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to query and change the system hostname and related          settings</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">            <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="init">        <term><command>init</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized          the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all           processes according to its configuration files</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">            <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="journalctl">        <term><command>journalctl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">            <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="kernel-install">        <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and          from /boot</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">            <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="localectl">        <term><command>localectl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout          settings</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">            <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="loginctl">        <term><command>loginctl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login          Manager</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">            <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="machinectl">        <term><command>machinectl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual          Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">            <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="networkctl">        <term><command>networkctl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to introspect the state of the network links as seen by          systemd-networkd</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">            <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="poweroff">        <term><command>poweroff</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer          (see <command>halt</command>)</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">            <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="reboot">        <term><command>reboot</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see          <command>halt</command>)</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">            <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="runlevel">        <term><command>runlevel</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the          last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">            <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="shutdown">        <term><command>shutdown</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes          and notifying all logged-in users</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">            <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemctl">        <term><command>systemctl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system          and service manager</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">            <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">        <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to determine system boot-up performance of the current          boot</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">        <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,          using a question message specified on the command line</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">        <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to connect STDOUT and STDERR of a process with the Journal          </para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">        <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control          group hierarchy in a tree</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">        <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group          hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">        <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to identify and compare configuration files in          <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default          counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">        <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Detects execution in a virtualized environment</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">        <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit          names</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">        <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to manage hardware database (hwdb)</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">        <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle          inhibitor lock taken</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">        <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID          stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a          randomly generated ID</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">        <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>A tool to temporarily mount or auto-mount a drive.</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">        <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status          changes</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">        <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace          container</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-path">        <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to query system and user paths</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">        <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS          resource records, and services</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-run">        <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope unit          and run the specified command in it</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <!-- <varlistentry id="systemd-stdio-bridge">        <term><command>systemd-stdio-bridge</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>To be completed</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-stdio-bridge">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-stdio-bridge">systemd-stdio-bridge</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry> -->      <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">        <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>A tool to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon          connection.</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">        <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and          directories, based on the configuration file format and location          specified in          <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">        <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to list or process pending systemd password requests</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">            <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="telinit">        <term><command>telinit</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change          to</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">            <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="timedatectl">        <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Used to query and change the system clock and its settings          </para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">            <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="udevadm">        <term><command>udevadm</command></term>        <listitem>          <para>Generic udev administration tool: controls the udevd daemon,          provides info from the Udev database, monitors uevents, waits for          uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and triggers uevents          for a given device</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">            <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="libsystemd">        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>        <listitem>          <para>The main systemd utility library</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">            <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>      <varlistentry id="libudev">        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>        <listitem>          <para>A library to access Udev device information</para>          <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">            <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>          </indexterm>        </listitem>      </varlistentry>    </variablelist>  </sect2></sect1>
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