lfs-book-zh_CN/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml

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<sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
  <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>

  <title>Creating Directories</title>

  <para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
  standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>

<screen><userinput>install -dv /{bin,boot,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
install -dv /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt}
install -dv /root -m 0750
install -dv /tmp /var/tmp -m 1777
install -dv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
install -dv /usr/{bin,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} /usr
install -dv /usr/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
install -dv /usr/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
install -dv /usr/share/man/man{1..8}
install -dv /usr/local/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} /usr/local
install -dv /usr/local/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
install -dv /usr/local/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
install -dv /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
install -dv /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
install -dv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
install -dv /opt/{bin,doc,include,info}
install -dv /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}}</userinput></screen>

  <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
  this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
  changes are made&mdash;one to the home directory of user <systemitem
  class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
  temporary files.</para>

  <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
  the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory&mdash;the
  same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
  second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
  <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
  class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
  another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
  <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>

  <note>
    <para>Notice the two different constructions above for creating multiple
    man directories: <command>install -d /usr/share/man/man{1..8}</command> and
    <command>install -d /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}</command>. The
    first one is new since Bash 3.0. This new feature will help make repetitive
    commands easier to type.</para>
  </note>

  <sect2>
    <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>

    <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
    (FHS) (available at <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). In
    addition to the tree created above, this standard stipulates the existence
    of <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
    class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. The FHS is not precise as to
    the structure of the <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename>
    subdirectory, so we create only the directories that are needed. However,
    feel free to create these directories if you prefer to conform more strictly
    to the FHS.</para>

  </sect2>

</sect1>