Remove junks wrongly commited during rebase

chapter06/coreutils.xml.orig

@@ -1,1238 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
-  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
-  %general-entities;
-]>
-
-<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
-  <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
-
-  <sect1info condition="script">
-    <productname>coreutils</productname>
-    <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
-    <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
-  </sect1info>
-
-  <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
-
-  <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
-    <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
-  </indexterm>
-
-  <sect2 role="package">
-    <title/>
-
-    <para>Coreutils 软件包包含用于显示和设定系统基本属性的工具。</para>
-
-    <segmentedlist>
-      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
-
-      <seglistitem>
-        <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
-        <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
-      </seglistitem>
-    </segmentedlist>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 role="installation">
-    <title>安装 Coreutils</title>
-
-    <!--para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
-    boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
-    this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para-->
-    <para>POSIX 要求 Coreutils 中的程序即使在多字节 locale
-    中也能正确识别字符边界。下面应用一个补丁，
-    以解决 Coreutils 不满足这项 POSIX 要求的问题，
-    并修复其他一些国际化相关的 bug：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
-
-    <note>
-      <!--para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
-      bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
-      without this patch.</para-->
-      <para>在之前，这个补丁中找出了许多 bug。在向 Coreutils 维护者报告新
-      	  bug 前，请检查它们在不使用该补丁的情况下是否还会重现。</para>
-    </note>
-
-   <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
-   coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
-   picked up in this package -->
-   <para>阻止一个在某些机器上会无限循环的测试：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>现在准备编译 Coreutils：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
-            --prefix=/usr            \
-            --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
-
-    <variablelist>
-      <title>配置选项的含义：</title>
-
-      <varlistentry>
-        <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>该环境变量允许以 root 用户身份构建该软件包。
-          </para>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry>
-        <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>这个开关的目的是防止 Coreutils
-          	  安装那些被其他软件包安装的二进制程序。
-          </para>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-    </variablelist>
-
-    <para>编译该软件包：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="make">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>如果不运行测试套件，
-    	直接跳到 <quote>安装该软件包</quote> 。</para>
-
-    <para>现在测试套件已经可以运行了。首先运行那些设计为由
-    <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 用户运行的测试：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>之后我们要以
-		<systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem>
-		用户身份运行其余测试。然而，某些测试要求测试用户属于至少一个组。
-		为了不跳过这些测试，我们添加一个临时组，并使得 
-		<systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem>
-		用户成为它的成员：
-	</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>修正访问权限，使得非 root 用户可以编译和运行测试：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>执行以下命令，确保 <userinput>su</userinput> 环境的 PATH
-		变量包含 /tools/bin 并运行测试：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
-          -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
-
-    <!--para>The test program test-getlogin is known to fail in a
-    partially built system environment like the chroot environment here, but
-    passes if run at the end of this chapter.  The test program tty.sh is
-    also known to fail.</para-->
-    <para>已知测试程序 test-getlogin 在部分构建的系统环境（如这里的
-		chroot 环境）会失败，但是在本章的最后再运行即可通过。
-		另外已知测试程序 tty.sh 可能会失败。</para>
-
-    <para>删除临时组：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>安装该软件包：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>将程序移动到 FHS 要求的位置：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
-mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
-mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
-mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
-mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
-sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para revision="sysv">LFS-Bootscripts 软件包中的某些启动脚本依赖于
-    <command>head</command>、<command>sleep</command> 和
-	<command>nice</command>。由于
-	<filename class="directory">/usr</filename> 在引导早期阶段可能不可用，
-    需要把它们移动到根分区： </para>
-
-    <para revision="systemd">BLFS 和 BLFS 之外的一些软件包预期下列程序位于
-		<filename class="directory">/bin</filename> 中，
-		因此必须保证它们被放置在那里：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
-    <title>Coreutils 的内容</title>
-
-    <segmentedlist>
-      <segtitle>安装的程序</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>安装的库</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>安装的目录</segtitle>
-
-      <seglistitem>
-        <seg>[, base32, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
-        chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
-        dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
-        head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
-        mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
-        pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
-        rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
-        sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
-        sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
-        tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, 以及
-        yes</seg>
-        <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
-        <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
-      </seglistitem>
-    </segmentedlist>
-
-    <variablelist>
-      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">简要描述</bridgehead>
-      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
-      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
-
-      <varlistentry id="base32">
-        <term><command>base32</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>根据 base32 标准（RFC 4648）编码和解码数据</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
-            <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="base64">
-        <term><command>base64</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>根据 base64 标准（RFC 4648）编码和解码数据</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
-            <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="basename">
-        <term><command>basename</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>从文件名移除所有路径和一个给定后缀</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
-            <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="cat">
-        <term><command>cat</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将文件合并到标准输出</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
-            <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="chcon">
-        <term><command>chcon</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>修改文件和目录的 SELinux 安全上下文</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
-            <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="chgrp">
-        <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>修改文件和目录所属的组</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
-            <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="chmod">
-        <term><command>chmod</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>修改给定文件的访问权限为指定模式；
-          模式可以是所需修改的符号表示，或新权限的八进制码</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
-            <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="chown">
-        <term><command>chown</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>修改拥有文件的用户或组</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
-            <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="chroot">
-        <term><command>chroot</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将给定目录作为
-          <filename class="directory">/</filename> 目录，运行命令</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
-            <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="cksum">
-        <term><command>cksum</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>输出每个给定文件的循环冗余检查（CRC）
-          	  校验和及字节数</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
-            <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="comm">
-        <term><command>comm</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>比较两个排好序的文件，
-          	  将两个文件特有的部分和它们共有的部分显示为三列</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
-            <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="cp">
-        <term><command>cp</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>复制文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
-            <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="csplit">
-        <term><command>csplit</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将给定文件分割为若干新文件，根据给定模式或行号进行分割，
-          并输出每个新文件的字节数</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
-            <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="cut">
-        <term><command>cut</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>根据给定的域或位置，打印输入的分节和选定部分</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
-            <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="date">
-        <term><command>date</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定格式显示当前时间，或设定系统时间</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
-            <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="dd">
-        <term><command>dd</command> </term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定块大小和个数复制文件，同时可以进行转换</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
-            <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="df">
-        <term><command>df</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告每个已挂载文件系统（或包含给定文件的文件系统）
-          	  的总大小和可用空间</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
-            <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="dir">
-        <term><command>dir</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>列出给定目录的内容 （和
-          <command>ls</command> 命令相同）</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
-            <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="dircolors">
-        <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>输出用于设定 <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
-          环境变量的命令，以修改
-          <command>ls</command> 的配色方案</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
-            <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="dirname">
-        <term><command>dirname</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>从文件名中删掉非目录的后缀</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
-            <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="du">
-        <term><command>du</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告当前目录使用的磁盘空间，
-          给出当前目录下所有子目录和文件占用的空间</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
-            <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="echo">
-        <term><command>echo</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示给定字符串</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
-            <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="env">
-        <term><command>env</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在修改的环境中运行命令</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
-            <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="expand">
-        <term><command>expand</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将制表符转换成空格</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
-            <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="expr">
-        <term><command>expr</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>计算表达式</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
-            <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="factor">
-        <term><command>factor</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印所有给定整数的质因数</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
-            <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="false">
-        <term><command>false</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>什么也不做；总是以失败状态码退出；</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
-            <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fmt">
-        <term><command>fmt</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>重新格式化给定文件的段落</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
-            <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fold">
-        <term><command>fold</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>折叠给定文件中的行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
-            <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="groups">
-        <term><command>groups</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告用户所属的组</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
-            <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="head">
-        <term><command>head</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印文件的前 10 （或给定行数）行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
-            <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="hostid">
-        <term><command>hostid</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以十六进制格式打印主机数字标识符</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
-            <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="id">
-        <term><command>id</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告当前用户或给定用户的有效用户 ID、组 ID 和所属的组
-          </para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
-            <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="install">
-        <term><command>install</command> </term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>复制文件并设定它们的访问权限，以及（如果可能）
-          	  它们的所有者和属组</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
-            <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="join">
-        <term><command>join</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将两个文件中拥有相同域的行合并</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
-            <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="link">
-        <term><command>link</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定文件名创建硬链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
-            <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ln">
-        <term><command>ln</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在文件之间创建硬链接或软（符号）链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
-            <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="logname">
-        <term><command>logname</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告当前用户登录名</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
-            <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ls">
-        <term><command>ls</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>列出给定目录内容</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
-            <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="md5sum">
-        <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告或检查消息摘要 5 （MD5）校验和</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
-            <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mkdir">
-        <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定名称创建目录</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
-            <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
-        <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定名称创建先进先出表（FIFO），
-			  在 UNIX 惯用语中又称为 <quote>命名管道</quote></para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
-            <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mknod">
-        <term><command>mknod</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定名称创建设备节点；设备节点可能是字符特殊文件、
-          块特殊文件或 FIFO</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
-            <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mktemp">
-        <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>安全地创建临时文件，常用在脚本中</para>
-        <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
-          <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
-        </indexterm>
-       </listitem>
-     </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mv">
-        <term><command>mv</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>移动或重命名文件或目录</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
-            <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="nice">
-        <term><command>nice</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以修改的调度优先级运行程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
-            <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="nl">
-        <term><command>nl</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>标出给定文件的行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
-            <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="nohup">
-        <term><command>nohup</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以免疫挂机信号的方式执行命令，同时将输出重定向到日志文件
-          </para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
-            <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="nproc">
-        <term><command>nproc</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印进程可用的处理单元数目</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
-            <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="numfmt">
-        <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在数字和人类可读字符串之间互相转换</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
-            <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="od">
-        <term><command>od</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以八进制或其他格式转储文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
-            <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="paste">
-        <term><command>paste</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>合并给定文件，将它们的对应行连接起来，以制表符分割</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
-            <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="pathchk">
-        <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>检查文件名的有效性和可移植性</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
-            <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="pinky">
-        <term><command>pinky</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>是轻量级 finger 客户端，报告给定用户的一些信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
-            <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="pr">
-        <term><command>pr</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>对文件进行分页和分栏以便打印</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
-            <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="printenv">
-        <term><command>printenv</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印环境变量</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
-            <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="printf">
-        <term><command>printf</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定格式打印给定参数，很像 C printf 函数</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
-            <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ptx">
-        <term><command>ptx</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>用文中的每个关键字，根据给定文件内容生成重排索引</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
-            <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="pwd">
-        <term><command>pwd</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告当前工作目录名</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
-            <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="readlink">
-        <term><command>readlink</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告给定符号链接的值</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
-            <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="realpath">
-        <term><command>realpath</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印解析过的目录</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
-            <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="rm">
-        <term><command>rm</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>删除文件或目录</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
-            <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="rmdir">
-        <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>如果目录是空的，删除它们</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
-            <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="runcon">
-        <term><command>runcon</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定 SELinux 安全上下文运行命令</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
-            <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="seq">
-        <term><command>seq</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以给定的范围和增量打印等差数列</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
-            <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
-        <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印或检查 160 位安全散列算法 1 （SHA1）校验和</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
-            <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
-        <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印或检查 224 位安全散列算法校验和</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
-            <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
-        <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印或检查 256 位安全散列算法校验和</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
-            <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
-        <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印或检查 384 位安全散列算法校验和</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
-            <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
-        <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印或检查 512 位安全散列算法校验和</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
-            <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="shred">
-        <term><command>shred</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将给定文件多次用复杂模式覆盖，增加恢复数据的难度</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
-            <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="shuf">
-        <term><command>shuf</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打乱文件中的行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
-            <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sleep">
-        <term><command>sleep</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>等待给定时间</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
-            <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sort">
-        <term><command>sort</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>对给定文件的行进行排序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
-            <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="split">
-        <term><command>split</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>根据大小或行数，将指定文件分割成若干部分</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
-            <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="stat">
-        <term><command>stat</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示文件或文件系统状态</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
-            <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
-        <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以修改的标准流缓冲操作运行命令</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
-            <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="stty">
-        <term><command>stty</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>设置或报告终端行设定</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
-            <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sum">
-        <term><command>sum</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印每个指定文件的校验和及块个数</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
-            <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sync">
-        <term><command>sync</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>刷新文件系统缓冲；它将修改过的块强制写入磁盘，
-          并更新超级块</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
-            <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="tac">
-        <term><command>tac</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>逆序连接给定文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
-            <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="tail">
-        <term><command>tail</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>输出给定文件的最后 10 （或指定行数）行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
-            <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="tee">
-        <term><command>tee</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>读取标准输入，并将内容同时写入标准输出和给定文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
-            <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="test">
-        <term><command>test</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>比较两个值，或检查文件类型</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
-            <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="timeout">
-        <term><command>timeout</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在限定时间内运行命令</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
-            <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="touch">
-        <term><command>touch</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>修改文件时间戳，将每个给定文件的访问和修改时间设为当前时间;
-          以零长度创建当前不存在的文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
-            <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="tr">
-        <term><command>tr</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>从标准输入变换、压缩或删除给定字符</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
-            <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="true">
-        <term><command>true</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>什么也不做；总是以成功状态码退出</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
-            <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="truncate">
-        <term><command>truncate</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将文件截断或扩展到指定大小</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
-            <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="tsort">
-        <term><command>tsort</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>进行拓扑排序；
-          	  根据给定文件的部分顺序信息输出完整的排序列表</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
-            <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="tty">
-        <term><command>tty</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告标准输入的终端文件名</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
-            <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="uname">
-        <term><command>uname</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告系统信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
-            <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="unexpand">
-        <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将空格转换成制表符</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
-            <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="uniq">
-        <term><command>uniq</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在连续的相同行中只保留一行，删除其他所有行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
-            <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="unlink">
-        <term><command>unlink</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>删除给定文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
-            <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="users">
-        <term><command>users</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告当前登录系统的用户名</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
-            <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="vdir">
-        <term><command>vdir</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>和 <command>ls -l</command> 相同</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
-            <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="wc">
-        <term><command>wc</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告给定文件的行数、单词数和字节数</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
-            <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="who">
-        <term><command>who</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告当前登录的用户</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
-            <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="whoami">
-        <term><command>whoami</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告与当前有效用户 ID 相关的用户名</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
-            <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="yes">
-        <term><command>yes</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>不停输出 <quote>y</quote> 或给定字符串，直到被杀死</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
-            <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
-        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para><command>stdbuf</command> 使用的库</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
-            <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-    </variablelist>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-</sect1>

chapter06/grep.xml.orig

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
-  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
-  %general-entities;
-]>
-
-<sect1 id="ch-system-grep" role="wrap">
-  <?dbhtml filename="grep.html"?>
-
-  <sect1info condition="script">
-    <productname>grep</productname>
-    <productnumber>&grep-version;</productnumber>
-    <address>&grep-url;</address>
-  </sect1info>
-
-  <title>Grep-&grep-version;</title>
-
-  <indexterm zone="ch-system-grep">
-    <primary sortas="a-Grep">Grep</primary>
-  </indexterm>
-
-  <sect2 role="package">
-    <title/>
-
-    <para>Grep 软件包包含在文件中进行搜索的程序。</para>
-
-    <segmentedlist>
-      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
-
-      <seglistitem>
-        <seg>&grep-ch6-sbu;</seg>
-        <seg>&grep-ch6-du;</seg>
-      </seglistitem>
-    </segmentedlist>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 role="installation">
-    <title>安装 Grep</title>
-
-    <para>准备安装 Grep：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>编译该软件包：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>运行以下命令以测试编译结果：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>安装该软件包：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 id="contents-grep" role="content">
-    <title>Grep 的内容</title>
-
-    <segmentedlist>
-      <segtitle>安装的程序</segtitle>
-
-      <seglistitem>
-        <seg>egrep, fgrep, 以及 grep</seg>
-      </seglistitem>
-    </segmentedlist>
-
-    <variablelist>
-      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">简要描述</bridgehead>
-      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
-      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
-
-      <varlistentry id="egrep">
-        <term><command>egrep</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印与扩展正则表达式匹配的行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grep egrep">
-            <primary sortas="b-egrep">egrep</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fgrep">
-        <term><command>fgrep</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印与固定字符串匹配的行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grep fgrep">
-            <primary sortas="b-fgrep">fgrep</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="grep">
-        <term><command>grep</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印与基本正则表达式匹配的行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-grep grep">
-            <primary sortas="b-grep">grep</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-    </variablelist>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-</sect1>

chapter06/strippingagain.xml.orig

@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
-  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
-  %general-entities;
-]>
-
-<sect1 id="ch-system-strippingagain">
-  <?dbhtml filename="strippingagain.html"?>
-
-  <title>再次移除调试符号</title>
-
-  <!--para>This section is optional.  If the intended user is not a 
-  programmer and does not plan to do
-  any debugging on the system software, the system size can be decreased
-  by about 90 MB by removing the debugging symbols from binaries and
-  libraries. This causes no inconvenience other than not being able to
-  debug the software fully anymore.</para-->
-  <para>本节是可选的。如果系统不是为程序员设计的，
-	  也没有调试系统软件的计划，可以通过从二进制程序和库移除调试符号，
-	  将系统的体积减小约 90 MB 。除了无法再调试全部软件外，
-	  这不会造成任何不便。</para>
-
-  <!--para>Most people who use the commands mentioned below do not
-  experience any difficulties. However, it is easy to make a typo and
-  render the new system unusable, so before running the
-  <command>strip</command> commands, it is a good idea to make a
-  backup of the LFS system in its current state.</para-->
-  <para>大多数使用以下命令的用户不会遇到什么困难，但如果打错了命令，
-	  很容易导致新系统无法使用。因此，在运行 <command>strip</command>
-	  命令前，最好备份 LFS 系统的当前状态。</para>
-
-  <!--para>First place the debugging symbols for selected libraries 
-  in separate files.  This debugging information is needed if running 
-  regression tests that use <ulink  -->
-  <para>首先将一些库的调试符号保存在单独的文件中，在 BLFS 中，
-  如果使用 <ulink
-  url='&blfs-book;/general/valgrind.html'>valgrind</ulink> 或 <ulink 
-  url='&blfs-book;/general/gdb.html'>gdb</ulink> 运行退化测试，
-  则需要这些调试信息的存在。
-  </para>
-
-<!-- also of interest are libgfortan, libgo, libgomp, and libobjc from gcc -->
-
-<!--<screen><userinput>save_lib="ld-2.25.so libc-2.25.so libpthread-2.25.so libthread_db-1.0.so"-->
-<screen><userinput>save_lib="ld-&glibc-version;.so libc-&glibc-version;.so libpthread-&glibc-version;.so libthread_db-&libthread_db-version;.so"
-
-cd /lib
-
-for LIB in $save_lib; do
-    objcopy --only-keep-debug $LIB $LIB.dbg 
-    strip --strip-unneeded $LIB
-    objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=$LIB.dbg $LIB 
-done    
-
-save_usrlib="libquadmath.so.&libquadmath-version; libstdc++.so.&libstdcpp-version;
-             libmpx.so.&libmpx-version; libmpxwrappers.so.&libmpxwrap-version; libitm.so.&libitm-version;
-             libatomic.so.&libatomic-version;" <!-- libcilkrts.so.&libcilkrts-version;-->
-
-cd /usr/lib
-
-for LIB in $save_usrlib; do
-    objcopy --only-keep-debug $LIB $LIB.dbg
-    strip --strip-unneeded $LIB
-    objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=$LIB.dbg $LIB
-done
-
-unset LIB save_lib save_usrlib</userinput></screen>
-
-  <!--para>Before performing the stripping, take special care to ensure that
-  none of the binaries that are about to be stripped are running. If
-  unsure whether the user entered chroot with the command given in
-  <xref linkend="ch-system-chroot" role=","/> first exit from
-  chroot:</para-->
-  <para>在移除调试符号前，必须特别小心，
-	  保证没有需要移除调试符号的二进制程序还在运行。
-	  如果不确定是否使用 <xref linkend="ch-system-chroot"/>
-	  中的命令进入了 chroot 环境，首先退出 chroot 环境：</para>
-
-<screen role="nodump"><userinput>logout</userinput></screen>
-
-  <para>然后再执行以下命令重新进入：</para>
-
-<screen role="nodump"><userinput>chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i          \
-    HOME=/root TERM=$TERM              \
-    PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ '        \
-    PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
-    /tools/bin/bash --login</userinput></screen>
-
-  <note><title>译注</title>
-	  <para>注意这里使用了 /tools/bin/bash 而不是 /bin/bash ，
-		  因为 /bin 中的 bash 二进制文件将会被移除调试符号。
-		  在 <xref linkend="ch-system-bash"/> 中我们执行了新编译的
-		  /bin/bash ，因此必须退出 chroot 环境，再以 /tools/bin/bash
-		  为 shell 重新进入。之后使用的 /tools/bin/find 和
-		  /tools/bin/strip 同理。</para>
-  </note>
-
-  <para>现在即可安全地移除程序和库的调试符号：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput>/tools/bin/find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.a \
-   -exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-debug {} ';'
-
-/tools/bin/find /lib /usr/lib -type f \( -name \*.so* -a ! -name \*dbg \) \
-   -exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-unneeded {} ';'
-
-/tools/bin/find /{bin,sbin} /usr/{bin,sbin,libexec} -type f \
-    -exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-all {} ';'</userinput></screen>
-
-  <!--para>A large number of files will be reported as having their file
-  format not recognized. These warnings can be safely ignored. These
-  warnings indicate that those files are scripts instead of
-  binaries.</para-->
-  <para>这里会有很多文件被报告为格式无法识别，这些警告可以安全地忽略。
-	  它们表明那些文件是脚本文件，而不是二进制文件。</para>
-
-</sect1>

chapter06/strippingagain.xml.rej

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
---- chapter06/strippingagain.xml
-+++ chapter06/strippingagain.xml
-@@ -67,33 +67,15 @@ done
- 
- unset LIB save_lib save_usrlib</userinput></screen>
- 
--  <!--para>Before performing the stripping, take special care to ensure that
--  none of the binaries that are about to be stripped are running. If
--  unsure whether the user entered chroot with the command given in
--  <xref linkend="ch-system-chroot" role=","/> first exit from
--  chroot:</para-->
-   <para>在移除调试符号前，必须特别小心，
--	  保证没有需要移除调试符号的二进制程序还在运行。
--	  如果不确定是否使用 <xref linkend="ch-system-chroot"/>
--	  中的命令进入了 chroot 环境，首先退出 chroot 环境：</para>
--
--<screen role="nodump"><userinput>logout</userinput></screen>
--
--  <para>然后再执行下列命令重新进入：</para>
--
--<screen role="nodump"><userinput>chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i          \
--    HOME=/root TERM=$TERM              \
--    PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ '        \
--    PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
--    /tools/bin/bash --login</userinput></screen>
-+	  保证没有需要移除调试符号的二进制程序还在运行：</para>
- 
-+<screen role="nodump"><userinput>exec /tools/bin/bash</userinput></screen>
-+  
-   <note><title>译注</title>
--	  <para>注意这里使用了 /tools/bin/bash 而不是 /bin/bash ，
--		  因为 /bin 中的 bash 二进制文件将会被移除调试符号。
--		  在 <xref linkend="ch-system-bash"/> 中我们执行了新编译的
--		  /bin/bash ，因此必须退出 chroot 环境，再以 /tools/bin/bash
--		  为 shell 重新进入。之后使用的 /tools/bin/find 和
--		  /tools/bin/strip 同理。</para>
-+	  <para>注意这里使用 /tools/bin/bash 代替当前运行的 /bin/bash ，
-+		  因为 /bin/bash 二进制文件将会被移除调试符号。
-+		  之后使用的 /tools/bin/find 和 /tools/bin/strip 同理。</para>
-   </note>
- 
-   <para>现在即可安全地移除程序和库的调试符号：</para>

chapter06/util-linux.xml.orig

@@ -1,1250 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
-  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
-  %general-entities;
-]>
-
-<sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" role="wrap">
-  <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
-
-  <sect1info condition="script">
-    <productname>util-linux</productname>
-    <productnumber>&util-linux-version;</productnumber>
-    <address>&util-linux-url;</address>
-  </sect1info>
-
-  <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
-
-  <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux">
-    <primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary>
-  </indexterm>
-
-  <sect2 role="package">
-    <title/>
-
-    <para>Util-linux 软件包包含若干工具程序，包括处理文件系统、
-    终端、分区和消息的工具。</para>
-
-    <segmentedlist>
-      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
-
-      <seglistitem>
-        <seg>&util-linux-ch6-sbu;</seg>
-        <seg>&util-linux-ch6-du;</seg>
-      </seglistitem>
-    </segmentedlist>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 role="installation">
-    <title>FHS 兼容性注意事项</title>
-
-    <para>FHS 建议使用 <filename
-    class="directory">/var/lib/hwclock</filename> 目录作为
-    <filename>adjtime</filename> 文件的位置，而不是
-	一般的 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> 目录。
-	首先创建该目录，启用 <command>hwclock</command> 程序的存储功能：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 role="installation">
-    <title>安装 Util-linux</title>
-<!--
-    <para>First, fix one of the regression tests:</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's/2^64/(2^64/' -e 's/E &lt;/E) &lt;=/' -e 's/ne /eq /' \
-    -i tests/ts/ipcs/limits2</userinput></screen>
--->
-    <para revision="systemd">删除之前创建的符号链接：</para>
-
-<screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="pre">rm -vf /usr/include/{blkid,libmount,uuid}</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>准备安装 Util-linux：</para>
-
-<screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
-            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
-            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
-            --disable-login      \
-            --disable-nologin    \
-            --disable-su         \
-            --disable-setpriv    \
-            --disable-runuser    \
-            --disable-pylibmount \
-            --disable-static     \
-            --without-python     \
-            --without-systemd    \
-            --without-systemdsystemunitdir</userinput></screen>
-
-<screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
-            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
-            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
-            --disable-login      \
-            --disable-nologin    \
-            --disable-su         \
-            --disable-setpriv    \
-            --disable-runuser    \
-            --disable-pylibmount \
-            --disable-static     \
-            --without-python</userinput></screen>
-
-	<para>--disable 和 --without 选项防止一些警告，
-		它们与一些 LFS 中不存在，
-		或与其他软件包安装的程序不兼容的构建组件相关。</para>
-
-    <para>编译该软件包：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>如果希望的话，以非 root 用户身份运行测试套件：</para>
-
-    <warning><!--para>Running the test suite as the root user can be harmful to
-    your system.  To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must
-    be available in the currently running system, and must be built as a
-    module.  Building it into the kernel will prevent booting.  For complete
-    coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed.  If desired, this test can
-    be run after rebooting into the completed LFS system and running:</para-->
-    <para>以 root 用户身份运行测试套件可能对系统造成损害。
-		为了运行它，内核配置选项 CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG
-		必须在当前运行的系统中可用，且必须被构建为内核模块，
-		直接将其构建为内核的一部分会导致系统无法引导。
-		为了测试的完整覆盖，必须安装其他 BLFS 软件包。
-		如果希望的话，可以在重新启动，进入完整的 LFS 系统后，
-		执行以下命令运行测试：</para>
-
-    <screen role="nodump"><userinput>bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD</userinput></screen> 
-    </warning>
-
-    <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody .
-su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</userinput></screen>
-
-    <note><!--para>One test, fincore/count, may fail in the initial chroot
-    environment but will pass if the test is rerun after the LFS system
-	is complete.</para-->
-    <para>一个名为 fincore/count 的测试在初始的 chroot 环境中可能失败，
-		但在 LFS 系统构建完成后重新运行即可通过。</para>
-	</note>
-
-    <para>安装该软件包：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content">
-    <title>Util-linux 的内容</title>
-
-    <segmentedlist>
-      <segtitle>安装的程序</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>安装的库</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>安装的目录</segtitle>
-
-      <seglistitem>
-        <seg>addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu,
-        chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg,
-        eject, fallocate, fdformat, fdisk, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck,
-        fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hexdump, hwclock,
-        i386, ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, kill, last, lastb (到
-        last 的链接), ldattach, linux32, linux64, logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu,
-        lsipc, lslocks, lslogins, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
-        more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pg, pivot_root, prlimit, raw,
-        readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rtcwake, script,
-        scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel,
-        swapoff (到 swapon 的链接), swapon, switch_root, tailf, taskset, ul,
-        umount, uname26, unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, wall, wdctl, whereis,
-        wipefs, x86_64, 以及 zramctl</seg>
-        <seg>libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so, 
-        libsmartcols.so, 以及 libuuid.so</seg>
-        <seg>/usr/include/blkid, 
-             /usr/include/libfdisk, 
-             /usr/include/libmount, 
-             /usr/include/libsmartcols, 
-             /usr/include/uuid, 
-             /usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;, 
-         以及 /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
-      </seglistitem>
-    </segmentedlist>
-
-    <variablelist>
-      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">简要描述</bridgehead>
-      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
-      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
-
-      <varlistentry id="addpart">
-        <term><command>addpart</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>告知 Linux 内核有新的分区</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux addpart">
-            <primary sortas="b-addpart">addpart</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="agetty">
-        <term><command>agetty</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打开 tty 端口，提示输入登录名，再启动
-          <command>login</command> 程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty">
-            <primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="blkdiscard">
-        <term><command>blkdiscard</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>丢弃设备上的扇区</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkdiscard">
-            <primary sortas="b-blkdiscard">blkdiscard</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="blkid">
-        <term><command>blkid</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>一个命令行工具，用于定位和打印块设备属性</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkid">
-            <primary sortas="b-blkid">blkid</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="blockdev">
-        <term><command>blockdev</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>允许用户从命令行调用块设备 ioctl</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev">
-            <primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="cal">
-        <term><command>cal</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示简单的日历</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal">
-            <primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="cfdisk">
-        <term><command>cfdisk</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>操作给定设备的分区表</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk">
-            <primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="chcpu">
-        <term><command>chcpu</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>修改 CPU 状态</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chcpu">
-            <primary sortas="b-chcpu">chcpu</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="chrt">
-        <term><command>chrt</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>操纵进程实时属性</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chrt">
-            <primary sortas="b-chrt">chrt</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="col">
-        <term><command>col</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>过滤掉反向换行符</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col">
-            <primary sortas="b-col">col</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="colcrt">
-        <term><command>colcrt</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>为缺失加粗、半行等功能的终端过滤 <command>nroff</command>
-			  输出</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt">
-            <primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="colrm">
-        <term><command>colrm</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>过滤掉给定列</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm">
-            <primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="column">
-        <term><command>column</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将给定文件格式化为多栏</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column">
-            <primary sortas="b-column">column</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ctrlaltdel">
-        <term><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将 Ctrl+Alt+Del 键组合的功能设定为硬复位或软复位</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel">
-            <primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="delpart">
-        <term><command>delpart</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>要求 Linux 内核删除分区</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux delpart">
-            <primary sortas="b-delpart">delpart</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="dmesg">
-        <term><command>dmesg</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>转储内核引导消息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg">
-            <primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="eject">
-        <term><command>eject</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>弹出可移动媒体</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux eject">
-            <primary sortas="b-eject">eject</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fallocate">
-        <term><command>fallocate</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>为文件预先分配空间</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fallocate">
-            <primary sortas="b-fallocate">fallocate</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fdformat">
-        <term><command>fdformat</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>低级格式化软盘</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat">
-            <primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fdisk">
-        <term><command>fdisk</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>操作给定设备的分区表</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk">
-            <primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="findfs">
-        <term><command>findfs</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>根据通用唯一识别码（UUID）查找文件系统</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findfs">
-            <primary sortas="b-findfs">findfs</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="findmnt">
-        <term><command>findmnt</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>是 libmount 库的命令行接口，可以处理
-          mountinfo、fstab 和 mtab 文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
-            <primary sortas="b-findmnt">findmnt</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="flock">
-        <term><command>flock</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>获取文件锁，并在持有锁的情况下运行命令</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux flock">
-            <primary sortas="b-flock">flock</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fsck">
-        <term><command>fsck</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>用于检查或修复文件系统</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck">
-            <primary sortas="b-fsck">fsck</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fsck.cramfs">
-        <term><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>用于对给定设备上的 Cramfs 文件系统进行一致性检查</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs">
-            <primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fsck.minix">
-        <term><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>用于对给定设备上的 Minix 文件系统进行一致性检查</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix">
-            <primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fsfreeze">
-        <term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>是内核驱动 ioctl 选项 FIFREEZE/FITHAW 的简单包装</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">
-            <primary sortas="b-fsfreeze">fsfreeze</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="fstrim">
-        <term><command>fstrim</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>丢弃已挂载文件系统上未使用的块</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fstrim">
-            <primary sortas="b-fstrim">fstrim</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="getopt">
-        <term><command>getopt</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>解析给定命令行的选项</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt">
-            <primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="hexdump">
-        <term><command>hexdump</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以十六进制或其他给定格式转储文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump">
-            <primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="hwclock">
-        <term><command>hwclock</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>读取或设置系统硬件时钟，它又被称为实时时钟（RTC）
-          或基本输入输出系统（BIOS）时钟</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock">
-            <primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="i386">
-        <term><command>i386</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux i386">
-            <primary sortas="b-i386">i386</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ionice">
-        <term><command>ionice</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>设定程序的 IO 调度类和优先级</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ionice">
-            <primary sortas="b-ionice">ionice</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ipcmk">
-        <term><command>ipcmk</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>创建多种 IPC 资源</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcmk">
-            <primary sortas="b-ipcmk">ipcmk</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ipcrm">
-        <term><command>ipcrm</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>删除给定 IPC 资源</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm">
-            <primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ipcs">
-        <term><command>ipcs</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>提供 IPC 状态信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs">
-            <primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="isosize">
-        <term><command>isosize</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告 ISO 9660 文件系统的大小</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize">
-            <primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="kill">
-        <term><command>kill</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>向进程发送信号</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux kill">
-            <primary sortas="b-kill">kill</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="last">
-        <term><command>last</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示哪些用户最后登录（或登出），
-          	  在 <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> 文件中反向搜索；
-			  它也会显示系统引导、关闭和运行级别变化记录</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux last">
-            <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="lastb">
-        <term><command>lastb</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示
-          <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> 记录的失败登录企图</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lastb">
-            <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ldattach">
-        <term><command>ldattach</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>为串口线附加行规则</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ldattach">
-            <primary sortas="b-ldattach">ldattach</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="linux32">
-        <term><command>linux32</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux32">
-            <primary sortas="b-linux32">linux32</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="linux64">
-        <term><command>linux64</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux64">
-            <primary sortas="b-linux64">linux64</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="logger">
-        <term><command>logger</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将给定消息记入系统日志</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger">
-            <primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="look">
-        <term><command>look</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示以给定字符串开始的行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look">
-            <primary sortas="b-look">look</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="losetup">
-        <term><command>losetup</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>设定和控制回环设备</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup">
-            <primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="lsblk">
-        <term><command>lsblk</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以树状格式列出所有或给定块设备的信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsblk">
-            <primary sortas="b-lsblk">lsblk</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="lscpu">
-        <term><command>lscpu</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印 CPU 体系结构信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lscpu">
-            <primary sortas="b-lscpu">lscpu</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="lsipc">
-        <term><command>lsipc</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>打印系统当前部署的 IPC 设施的信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsipc">
-            <primary sortas="b-lsipc">lsipc</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="lslocks">
-        <term><command>lslocks</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>列出本地系统锁</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslocks">
-            <primary sortas="b-lslocks">lslocks</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="lslogins">
-        <term><command>lslogins</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>列出用户、组和系统账户的信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslogins">
-            <primary sortas="b-lslogins">lslogins</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mcookie">
-        <term><command>mcookie</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>为
-			  <command>xauth</command> 创建魔术 cookie
-			  （128位随机十六进制数）</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie">
-            <primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mesg">
-        <term><command>mesg</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>控制其他用户能否向当前用户终端发送消息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mesg">
-            <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mkfs">
-        <term><command>mkfs</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在设备（一般是硬盘分区）上创建文件系统</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs">
-            <primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mkfs.bfs">
-        <term><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>创建 Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs 文件系统</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs">
-            <primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mkfs.cramfs">
-        <term><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>创建 cramfs 文件系统</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs">
-            <primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mkfs.minix">
-        <term><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>创建 Minix 文件系统</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix">
-            <primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mkswap">
-        <term><command>mkswap</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将给定文件或设备初始化为交换空间</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap">
-            <primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="more">
-        <term><command>more</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>用于对文本在屏幕上进行分页的过滤器</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more">
-            <primary sortas="b-more">more</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mount">
-        <term><command>mount</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将给定设备上的文件系统挂载到文件系统树结构中的给定目录
-          </para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount">
-            <primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="mountpoint">
-        <term><command>mountpoint</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>检查目录是否为挂载点</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mountpoint">
-            <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="namei">
-        <term><command>namei</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示给定目录名中的符号链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei">
-            <primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="nsenter">
-        <term><command>nsenter</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在其他程序的命名空间中运行程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux nsenter">
-            <primary sortas="b-nsenter">nsenter</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="partx">
-        <term><command>partx</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>告知内核磁盘分区的存在性和编号</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux partx">
-            <primary sortas="b-partx">partx</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="pg">
-        <term><command>pg</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>每次显示文本文件填满一个屏幕的内容</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pg">
-            <primary sortas="b-pg">pg</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="pivot_root">
-        <term><command>pivot_root</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将当前进程的根文件系统设为给定文件系统</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root">
-            <primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="prlimit">
-        <term><command>prlimit</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>获取和设定进程资源限制</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux prlimit">
-            <primary sortas="b-prlimit">prlimit</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="raw">
-        <term><command>raw</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将 Linux raw 字符设备绑定到块设备</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux raw">
-            <primary sortas="b-raw">raw</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="readprofile">
-        <term><command>readprofile</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>读取内核性能分析信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile">
-            <primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="rename">
-        <term><command>rename</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>重命名给定文件，将给定字符串替换为另一个字符串</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename">
-            <primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="renice">
-        <term><command>renice</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>修改当前进程的优先级</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice">
-            <primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="resizepart">
-        <term><command>resizepart</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>要求 Linux 内核改变分区大小</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux resizepart">
-            <primary sortas="b-resizepart">resizepart</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="rev">
-        <term><command>rev</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>反转给定文件的行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev">
-            <primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="rtcwake">
-        <term><command>rtcwake</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>进入睡眠状态，直到给定的唤醒时间</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rtcwake">
-            <primary sortas="b-rtcwake">rtcwake</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="script">
-        <term><command>script</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>记录终端会话打字机文档</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script">
-            <primary sortas="b-script">script</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="scriptreplay">
-        <term><command>scriptreplay</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>根据计时信息重放终端会话打字机文档</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptreplay">
-            <primary sortas="b-scriptreplay">scriptreplay</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="setarch">
-        <term><command>setarch</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在新程序环境中修改系统报告的体系结构，
-          并设置进程执行域信息</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setarch">
-            <primary sortas="b-setarch">setarch</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="setsid">
-        <term><command>setsid</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在新会话中运行给定程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid">
-            <primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="setterm">
-        <term><command>setterm</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>设定终端属性</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm">
-            <primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sfdisk">
-        <term><command>sfdisk</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>一个分区表修改器</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk">
-            <primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="sulogin">
-        <term><command>sulogin</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>允许 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 登录；
-			  一般在系统进入单用户模式时由
-			  <command>init</command> 执行</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sulogin">
-            <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="swaplabel">
-        <term><command>swaplabel</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>允许修改交换空间 UUID 和标签</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swaplabel">
-            <primary sortas="b-swaplabel">swaplabel</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="swapoff">
-        <term><command>swapoff</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>禁止在文件或设备上进行分页交换</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff">
-            <primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="swapon">
-        <term><command>swapon</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>启用文件或设备上的分页交换，
-          	  或列出当前用于交换的设备和文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon">
-            <primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="switch_root">
-        <term><command>switch_root</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将另一个文件系统切换为挂载树的根</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux switch_root">
-            <primary sortas="b-switch_root">switch_root</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="tailf">
-        <term><command>tailf</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>跟踪日志文件的增长；显示日志文件的最后 10 行，
-          并在日志文件有新记录时继续显示它们</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tailf">
-            <primary sortas="b-tailf">tailf</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="taskset">
-        <term><command>taskset</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>获取或设置进程 CPU 亲和性</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux taskset">
-            <primary sortas="b-taskset">taskset</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ul">
-        <term><command>ul</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>将下划线 escape 序列转换为当前终端格式的过滤器</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul">
-            <primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="umount">
-        <term><command>umount</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>解除文件系统与系统文件目录树的连接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount">
-            <primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="uname26">
-        <term><command>uname26</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uname26">
-            <primary sortas="b-uname26">uname26</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="unshare">
-        <term><command>unshare</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>在某些命名空间与父进程脱离的情况下运行程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux unshare">
-            <primary sortas="b-unshare">unshare</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="utmpdump">
-        <term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以更加用户友好的格式显示给定登录文件</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux utmpdump">
-            <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="uuidd">
-        <term><command>uuidd</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>UUID 库使用的守护进程，用于安全、确保唯一性地生成 UUID
-          </para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidd">
-            <primary sortas="b-uuidd">uuidd</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="uuidgen">
-        <term><command>uuidgen</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>创建新的 UUID。
-			  每个新的 UUID 可以被合理地认为在本地系统和其他系统上，
-			  在过去和未来，都是唯一的</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidgen">
-            <primary sortas="b-uuidgen">uuidgen</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="wall">
-        <term><command>wall</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示文件或标准输入（默认值）的内容到所有登录用户的终端
-          </para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wall">
-            <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="wdctl">
-        <term><command>wdctl</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>显示硬件看门狗电路状态</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wdctl">
-            <primary sortas="b-wdctl">wdctl</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="whereis">
-        <term><command>whereis</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>报告给定命令二进制文件、源代码文件和 man 页面的位置</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis">
-            <primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="wipefs">
-        <term><command>wipefs</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>从设备上擦除文件系统签名</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wipefs">
-            <primary sortas="b-wipefs">wipefs</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="x86_64">
-        <term><command>x86_64</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux x86_64">
-            <primary sortas="b-x86_64">x86_64</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="zramctl">
-        <term><command>zramctl</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>设定和控制 zram (压缩内存盘) 的程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux zramctl">
-            <primary sortas="b-zramctl">zramctl</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="libblkid">
-        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libblkid</filename></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>包含设备识别和标识提取子程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libblkid">
-            <primary sortas="c-libblkid">libblkid</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="libfdisk">
-        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libfdisk</filename></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>包含操作分区表的子程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libfdisk">
-            <primary sortas="c-libfdisk">libfdisk</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="libmount">
-        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmount</filename></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>包含挂载和解挂块设备的子程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libmount">
-            <primary sortas="c-libmount">libmount</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="libsmartcols">
-        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsmartcols</filename></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>包含以表格形式在屏幕上输出的辅助子程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libsmartcols">
-            <primary sortas="c-libsmartcols">libsmartcols</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="libuuid">
-        <term><filename class="libraryfile">libuuid</filename></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>包含为对象生成唯一标识符，
-          	  使它在本地系统以外也可以访问的子程序</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libuuid">
-            <primary sortas="c-libuuid">libuuid</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-    </variablelist>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-</sect1>

chapter06/vim.xml.orig

@@ -1,332 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
-  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
-  %general-entities;
-]>
-
-<sect1 id="ch-system-vim" role="wrap">
-  <?dbhtml filename="vim.html"?>
-
-  <sect1info condition="script">
-    <productname>vim</productname>
-    <productnumber>&vim-version;</productnumber>
-    <address>&vim-url;</address>
-  </sect1info>
-
-  <title>Vim-&vim-version;</title>
-
-  <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim">
-    <primary sortas="a-Vim">Vim</primary>
-  </indexterm>
-
-  <sect2 role="package">
-    <title/>
-
-    <para>Vim 软件包包含强大的文本编辑器。</para>
-
-    <segmentedlist>
-      <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
-
-      <seglistitem>
-        <seg>&vim-ch6-sbu;</seg>
-        <seg>&vim-ch6-du;</seg>
-      </seglistitem>
-    </segmentedlist>
-
-    <tip>
-      <title>Vim 的替代品</title>
-
-      <para>如果您喜爱其他编辑器 —— 例如 Emacs、Joe、或者
-      Nano —— 参考 <ulink
-      url="&blfs-book;postlfs/editors.html"/> 中建议的安装说明。</para>
-    </tip>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 role="installation">
-    <title>安装 Vim</title>
-
-    <para>首先，修改 <filename>vimrc</filename> 配置文件的默认位置为
-    <filename class="directory">/etc</filename>：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="pre">echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' &gt;&gt; src/feature.h</userinput></screen>
-
-<!--    <para>Disable a test that fails:</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/call/{s/split/xsplit/;s/303/492/}' src/testdir/test_recover.vim</userinput></screen>
--->
-    <para>准备编译 Vim：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>编译该软件包：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>运行以下命令以测试编译结果：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="test">make -j1 test &amp;&gt; vim-test.log</userinput></screen>
-
-    <!--para>The test suite outputs a lot of binary data to the screen.  This can
-    cause issues with the settings of the current terminal.  The problem can be
-    avoided by redirecting the output to a log file as shown above.  A
-    successful test will result in the words "ALL DONE" in the log file
-    at completion.</para-->
-    <para>测试套件会将大量二进制数据输出到屏幕，这可能扰乱当前终端设置。
-		为了避免这个问题，像上面的命令一样，将输出重定向到日志文件。
-		测试成功完成后，日志文件末尾会包含 <quote>ALL DONE</quote>。</para>
-
-    <para>安装该软件包：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
-
-    <!--para>Many users are used to using <command>vi</command> instead of
-    <command>vim</command>. To allow execution of <command>vim</command>
-    when users habitually enter <command>vi</command>, create a
-    symlink for both the binary and the man page in the provided
-    languages:</para-->
-    <para>许多用户习惯于使用命令 <command>vi</command>，而不是
-		<command>vim</command>。为了在用户习惯性地输入
-		<command>vi</command> 时能够执行 <command>vim</command>，
-		为二进制程序和各种语言的 man 页面创建符号链接：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
-for L in  /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do
-    ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1
-done</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para>默认情况下，Vim 的文档安装在 <filename
-    class="directory">/usr/share/vim</filename>。下面创建的符号链接允许通过
-    <filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc/vim-&vim-version;</filename>
-    访问符号链接，这个路径与其他软件包的文档位置格式一致：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../&vim-docdir;/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-&vim-version;</userinput></screen>
-
-    <!--para>If an X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS
-    system, it may be necessary to recompile Vim after installing X. Vim
-    comes with a GUI version of the editor that requires X and some
-    additional libraries to be installed. For more information on this
-    process, refer to the Vim documentation and the Vim installation page
-    in the BLFS book at <ulink
-    url="&blfs-book;postlfs/vim.html"/>.</para-->
-	<para>如果在安装 LFS 系统后安装了 X 窗口系统，可能需要在安装 X
-		后重新编译 Vim 。
-		Vim 提供的 GUI 版本编辑器需要 X 和一些额外的软件包才能安装。
-		关于这一安装过程的更多信息，参考 Vim 文档和 BLFS 手册中位于
-		<ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/vim.html"/> 的 Vim 安装页面。</para>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 id="conf-vim" role="configuration">
-    <title>配置 Vim</title>
-
-    <indexterm zone="conf-vim">
-      <primary sortas="e-/etc/vimrc">/etc/vimrc</primary>
-    </indexterm>
-
-	<!--para>By default, <command>vim</command> runs in vi-incompatible mode.
-    This may be new to users who have used other editors in the past. The
-    <quote>nocompatible</quote> setting is included below to highlight the
-    fact that a new behavior is being used. It also reminds those who would
-    change to <quote>compatible</quote> mode that it should be the first
-    setting in the configuration file. This is necessary because it changes
-    other settings, and overrides must come after this setting. Create a default
-    <command>vim</command> configuration file by running the following:</para-->
-    <para>默认情况下，<command>vim</command> 在不兼容 vi 的模式下运行，
-		这对于过去使用其他编辑器的用户来说可能显得陌生。
-		以下配置包含的 <quote>nocompatible</quote>
-		设定是为了强调编辑器使用了新的行为这一事实。
-		它也提醒那些想要使用 <quote>compatible</quote> 模式的用户，
-		必须在配置文件的一开始改变模式，因为它会修改其他设置，
-		因此对这些设置的覆盖必须在设定模式后进行。
-		执行以下命令创建默认 <command>vim</command> 配置文件：</para>
-
-<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/vimrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"
-<literal>" Begin /etc/vimrc
-
-" Ensure defaults are set before customizing settings, not after
-source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim
-let skip_defaults_vim=1 
-
-set nocompatible
-set backspace=2
-set mouse=
-syntax on
-if (&amp;term == "xterm") || (&amp;term == "putty")
-  set background=dark
-endif
-
-" End /etc/vimrc</literal>
-EOF</userinput></screen>
-
-    <para><parameter>set nocompatible</parameter> 设定使得
-		<command>vim</command> 以一种更有用的方式（也是默认方式）行动，
-		而不是兼容于 vi 的旧模式。如果需要保留旧的 <command>vi</command>
-		行为，删除其中的 <quote>no</quote>。
-		<parameter>set backspace=2</parameter> 设定允许退格越过换行、
-		自动缩进和插入模式的起始位置。参数 <parameter>syntax on</parameter>
-		启用 vim 符号高亮功能。参数 <parameter>set mouse=</parameter>
-		允许在 chroot 中或通过远程连接工作时使用鼠标正确地粘贴文本。
-		最后，包含设定 <parameter>set background=dark</parameter> 的
-		<emphasis>if</emphasis> 语句纠正 <command>vim</command>
-		对于某些终端模拟器背景色的猜测，
-		这能够提供更适合这些程序黑色背景的配色方案。</para>
-<!--
-    <para>Creating an empty <filename>~/.vimrc</filename> prevents vim from
-    overriding settings in <filename>/etc/vimrc</filename> by using
-    <filename>/usr/share/vim/vim80/defaults.vim</filename>.</para>
--->
-    <para>关于其他可用选项的文档可以通过执行以下命令获得：</para>
-
-<screen role="nodump"><userinput>vim -c ':options'</userinput></screen>
-
-    <note>
-      <!--para>By default, Vim only installs spell files for the English language.
-      To install spell files for your preferred language, download the
-      <filename>*.spl</filename> and optionally, the <filename>*.sug</filename>
-      files for your language and character encoding from <ulink
-      url="ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/spell/"/> and save them to
-      <filename class='directory'>/usr/share/&vim-docdir;/spell/</filename>.</para>
-
-      <para>To use these spell files, some configuration in
-      <filename>/etc/vimrc</filename> is needed, e.g.:</para-->
-      <para>默认情况下 Vim 只安装英语拼写检查文件。
-		  如果希望安装您使用的语言的拼写检查文件，从
-		  <ulink url="ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/spell/"/>
-		  为您的语言和字符编码下载 <filename>*.spl</filename> 和可选的
-		  <filename>*.sug</filename> 文件，并将它们保存到
-<filename class='directory'>/usr/share/&vim-docdir;/spell/</filename>。
-      </para>
-	  <para>为了使用这些拼写检查文件，需要在 <filename>/etc/vimrc</filename>
-		  中进行配置，例如：</para>
-
-<screen><literal>set spelllang=en,ru
-set spell</literal></screen>
-
-      <para>关于更多信息，参考以上 URL 位置中合适的 README 文件。</para>
-    </note>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2 id="contents-vim" role="content">
-    <title>Vim 的内容</title>
-
-    <segmentedlist>
-      <segtitle>安装的程序</segtitle>
-      <segtitle>安装的目录</segtitle>
-
-      <seglistitem>
-       <seg> ex (到 vim 的链接), rview (到 vim 的链接), rvim (到 vim 的链接), vi
-       (到 vim 的链接), view (到 vim 的链接), vim, vimdiff (到 vim 的链接), vimtutor,
-       以及 xxd</seg>
-        <seg>/usr/share/vim</seg>
-      </seglistitem>
-    </segmentedlist>
-
-    <variablelist>
-      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">简要描述</bridgehead>
-      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
-      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
-
-      <varlistentry id="ex">
-        <term><command>ex</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以 ex 模式启动 <command>vim</command></para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim ex">
-            <primary sortas="b-ex">ex</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="rview">
-        <term><command>rview</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>是 <command>view</command> 的受限模式；
-          不能启动 shell 命令，且不能挂起 <command>view</command></para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim rview">
-            <primary sortas="b-rview">rview</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="rvim">
-        <term><command>rvim</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>是 <command>vim</command> 的受限模式；
-			  不能启动 shell 命令，且不能挂起 <command>vim</command></para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim rvim">
-            <primary sortas="b-rvim">rvim</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="vi">
-        <term><command>vi</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>到 <command>vim</command> 的链接</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim vi">
-            <primary sortas="b-vi">vi</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="view">
-        <term><command>view</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>以只读模式启动 <command>vim</command></para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim view">
-            <primary sortas="b-view">view</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="vim">
-        <term><command>vim</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>文本编辑器</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim vim">
-            <primary sortas="b-vim">vim</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="vimdiff">
-        <term><command>vimdiff</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>用 <command>vim</command> 编辑两个或三个文件版本，
-          并显示差异</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim vimdiff">
-            <primary sortas="b-vimdiff">vimdiff</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="vimtutor">
-        <term><command>vimtutor</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>教会用户使用
-          <command>vim</command> 的基本快捷键和命令</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim vimtutor">
-            <primary sortas="b-vimtutor">vimtutor</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-      <varlistentry id="xxd">
-        <term><command>xxd</command></term>
-        <listitem>
-          <para>创建文件的十六进制转储；它也可以从十六进制转储创建文件，
-          因此可用于二进制补丁</para>
-          <indexterm zone="ch-system-vim xxd">
-            <primary sortas="b-xxd">xxd</primary>
-          </indexterm>
-        </listitem>
-      </varlistentry>
-
-    </variablelist>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-</sect1>

chapter07/udev.xml.orig

@@ -1,519 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
-  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
-  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
-  %general-entities;
-]>
-
-<sect1 id="ch-scripts-udev">
-  <?dbhtml filename="udev.html"?>
-
-  <title>设备和模块管理概述</title>
-
-  <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-udev">
-    <primary sortas="a-Udev">Udev</primary>
-    <secondary>usage</secondary>
-  </indexterm>
-
-  <!--para>In <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>, we installed the Udev
-  package when <phrase revision="sysv">eudev</phrase>
-  <phrase revision="systemd">systemd</phrase> was built. Before we go into the
-  details regarding how this works, a brief history of previous methods of
-  handling devices is in order.</para-->
-  <para>在 <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/> 中，我们在构建
-	  <phrase revision="sysv">eudev</phrase>
-	  <phrase revision="systemd">systemd</phrase>
-	  时安装了 Udev 软件包。在我们详细讨论它的工作原理之前，
-	  首先按时间顺序简要介绍历史上曾经使用过的设备管理方式。</para>
-
-  <!--para>Linux systems in general traditionally used a static device creation
-  method, whereby a great many device nodes were created under <filename
-  class="directory">/dev</filename> (sometimes literally thousands of nodes),
-  regardless of whether the corresponding hardware devices actually existed. This
-  was typically done via a <command>MAKEDEV</command> script, which contains a
-  number of calls to the <command>mknod</command> program with the relevant
-  major and minor device numbers for every possible device that might exist in
-  the world.</para-->
-  <para>传统的 Linux 系统通常使用静态设备创建方法，即在
-	  <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> 下创建大量设备节点
-	  （有时有数千个节点），无论对应的硬件设备是否真的存在。
-	  一般通过 <command>MAKEDEV</command> 脚本完成这一工作，
-	  它包含以相关的主设备号和次设备号，
-	  为世界上可能存在的每个设备建立节点的大量 <command>mknod</command>
-	  程序调用。</para>
-
-  <!--para>Using the Udev method, only those devices which are detected by the
-  kernel get device nodes created for them. Because these device nodes will be
-  created each time the system boots, they will be stored on a <systemitem
-  class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> file system (a virtual file system
-  that resides entirely in system memory). Device nodes do not require much
-  space, so the memory that is used is negligible.</para-->
-  <para>使用 Udev 方法，
-	  只有那些被内核检测到的设备才会获得为它们创建的设备节点。
-	  由于这些设备节点在每次引导系统时都会重新创建，
-	  它们被储存在 <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem>
-	  文件系统中（一个虚拟文件系统，完全驻留在系统内存）。
-	  设备节点不需要太多空间，它们使用的系统内存可以忽略不计。</para>
-
-  <sect2>
-    <title>历史</title>
-
-    <!--para>In February 2000, a new filesystem called <systemitem
-    class="filesystem">devfs</systemitem> was merged into the 2.3.46 kernel
-    and was made available during the 2.4 series of stable kernels. Although
-    it was present in the kernel source itself, this method of creating devices
-    dynamically never received overwhelming support from the core kernel
-    developers.</para-->
-    <para>在 2000 年 2 月，一个称为 <systemitem class="filesystem">devfs
-		</systemitem> 的新文件系统被合并到 2.3.46 版内核中，
-		并在 2.4 系列稳定内核中可用。尽管它本身曾经存在于内核源代码中，
-		但这种设备节点动态创建方法从未得到内核核心开发者的大力支持。
-	</para>
-
-    <!--para>The main problem with the approach adopted by <systemitem
-    class="filesystem">devfs</systemitem> was the way it handled device
-    detection, creation, and naming. The latter issue, that of device node
-    naming, was perhaps the most critical. It is generally accepted that if
-    device names are allowed to be configurable, then the device naming policy
-    should be up to a system administrator, not imposed on them by any
-    particular developer(s). The <systemitem
-    class="filesystem">devfs</systemitem> file system also suffered from race
-    conditions that were inherent in its design and could not be fixed without a
-    substantial revision to the kernel. It was marked as deprecated for a long
-    period &ndash; due to a lack of maintenance &ndash; and was finally removed
-    from the kernel in June, 2006.</para-->
-    <para><systemitem class="filesystem">devfs</systemitem>
-		采用的这种方法的主要问题是它处理设备的检测、创建和命名的方式，
-		其中最致命的是设备节点命名方式。一个被广泛接受的理念是，
-		如果设备名称是允许配置的，那么设备命名策略应该由系统管理员，
-		而不是某个（些）特定开发者决定。
-		<systemitem class="filesystem">devfs</systemitem>
-		还受到其设计中固有的竞争条件的严重影响，
-		在不对内核进行大量修改的前提下无法修复这一问题。
-		在一段时间后，由于缺乏维护，它被标记为过时特性，最终在
-		2006 年 6 月被从内核中移除。</para>
-
-    <!--para>With the development of the unstable 2.5 kernel tree, later released
-    as the 2.6 series of stable kernels, a new virtual filesystem called
-    <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> came to be. The job of
-    <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> is to export a view of
-    the system's hardware configuration to userspace processes. With this
-    userspace-visible representation, the possibility of developing a userspace
-    replacement for <systemitem class="filesystem">devfs</systemitem> became
-    much more realistic.</para-->
-    <para>在不稳定的 2.5 系列内核开发过程中，加入了一个新的虚拟文件系统，
-		称为 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> ，
-		并在 2.6 系列稳定内核中发布。
-		它的工作是将系统硬件配置信息导出给用户空间进程，
-		有了这个用户空间可见的配置描述，就可能开发一种
-		<systemitem class="filesystem">devfs</systemitem>
-		的用户空间替代品。</para>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2>
-    <title>Udev 实现</title>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>Sysfs</title>
-
-      <!--para>The <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> filesystem
-      was mentioned briefly above. One may wonder how <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> knows about the devices present on
-      a system and what device numbers should be used for them. Drivers that
-      have been compiled into the kernel directly register their objects with a
-      <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> (devtmpfs internally)
-      as they are detected by the kernel. For drivers compiled as modules, this
-      registration will happen when the module is loaded. Once the <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> filesystem is mounted (on /sys),
-      data which the drivers register with <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> are available to userspace
-      processes and to udevd for processing (including modifications to device
-      nodes).</para-->
-      <para>前面已经简要提到了
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 文件系统。
-		  有些读者可能好奇，
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>
-		  是如何知道系统中存在哪些设备，以及应该为它们使用什么设备号的。
-		  答案是，那些编译到内核中的驱动程序在它们的对象被内核检测到时，
-		  直接将它们注册到 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>
-		  （内部的 devtmpfs）。对于那些被编译为模块的驱动程序，
-		  注册过程在模块加载时进行。只要
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>
-		  文件系统被挂载好（位于 /sys），用户空间程序即可使用驱动程序注册在
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>
-		  中的数据，Udev 就能够使用这些数据对设备进行处理
-		  （包括修改设备节点）。</para>
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>设备节点的创建</title>
-
-      <!--para>Device files are created by the kernel by the <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> filesystem.  Any driver that
-      wishes to register a device node will go through the <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> (via the driver core) to do it.
-      When a <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> instance is
-      mounted on <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>, the device node
-      will initially be created with a fixed name, permissions, and
-      owner.</para-->
-      <para>内核通过 <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem>
-      	  直接创建设备文件，任何希望注册设备节点的驱动程序都要通过
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem>
-		  （经过驱动程序核心）实现。当一个
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem>
-		  实例被挂载到 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>
-		  时，设备节点将被以固定的名称、访问权限和所有者首次创建。</para>
-
-      <!--para>A short time later, the kernel will send a uevent to <command>
-      udevd</command>.  Based on the rules specified in the files within the
-      <filename class="directory">/etc/udev/rules.d</filename>, <filename
-      class="directory">/lib/udev/rules.d</filename>, and <filename
-      class="directory">/run/udev/rules.d</filename> directories, <command>
-      udevd</command> will create additional symlinks to the device node, or
-      change its permissions, owner, or group, or modify the internal
-      <command>udevd</command> database entry (name) for that object.</para-->
-      <para>很快，内核会向 <command>udevd</command> 发送一个 uevent 事件。
-		  根据 <filename class="directory">/etc/udev/rules.d</filename>、
-		  <filename class="directory">/lib/udev/rules.d</filename>
-		  以及 <filename class="directory">/run/udev/rules.d</filename>
-		  中的规则，<command>udevd</command>
-		  将为设备节点创建额外的符号链接，或修改其访问权限、所有者、属组，
-		  或修改该对象的 <command>udevd</command> 数据库条目（名称）。
-	  </para>
-
-      <!--para>The rules in these three directories are numbered and all three
-      directories are merged together. If <command>udevd</command> can't find a
-      rule for the device it is creating, it will leave the permissions and
-      ownership at whatever <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> used initially.</para-->
-	  <para>以上三个目录中的规则都被编号，且这三个目录的内容将合并处理。
-		  如果 <command>udevd</command> 找不到它正在创建的设备对应的规则，
-		  它将会沿用 <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem>
-		  最早使用的访问权限和所有权。</para>
-    </sect3>
-      
-    <sect3 id="ch-module-loading">
-      <title>模块加载</title>
-
-      <!--para>Device drivers compiled as modules may have aliases built into them.
-      Aliases are visible in the output of the <command>modinfo</command>
-      program and are usually related to the bus-specific identifiers of devices
-      supported by a module. For example, the <emphasis>snd-fm801</emphasis>
-      driver supports PCI devices with vendor ID 0x1319 and device ID 0x0801,
-      and has an alias of <quote>pci:v00001319d00000801sv*sd*bc04sc01i*</quote>.
-      For most devices, the bus driver exports the alias of the driver that
-      would handle the device via <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>. E.g., the
-      <filename>/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:0d.0/modalias</filename> file
-      might contain the string
-      <quote>pci:v00001319d00000801sv00001319sd00001319bc04sc01i00</quote>.
-      The default rules provided with Udev will cause <command>udevd</command>
-      to call out to <command>/sbin/modprobe</command> with the contents of the
-      <envar>MODALIAS</envar> uevent environment variable (which should be the
-      same as the contents of the <filename>modalias</filename> file in sysfs),
-      thus loading all modules whose aliases match this string after wildcard
-      expansion.</para-->
-      <para>编译为内核模块的设备驱动程序可能有内建的别名，
-		  别名可以通过 <command>modinfo</command> 程序查询，
-		  它通常和该模块支持的设备的总线相关标识符有关。
-		  例如，<emphasis>snd-fm801</emphasis> 驱动程序支持厂商 ID 为
-		  0x1319，设备 ID 为 0x0801 的 PCI 设备，其别名为
-		  <quote>pci:v00001319d00000801sv*sd*bc04sc01l*</quote>。
-		  对于多数设备，总线驱动程序会通过
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>
-		  导出应该处理该设备的驱动程序别名，例如
-		  <filename>/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:0d.0/modalias</filename>
-		  文件应该包含字符串
-		  <quote>pci:v00001319d00000801sv00001319sd00001319bc04sc01i00
-		  </quote>。Udev 附带的默认规则会导致 <command>udevd</command>
-		  以 <envar>MODALIAS</envar> uevent 环境变量的内容
-		  （应该和 sysfs 的 <filename>modalias</filename> 文件内容一致）调用
-		  <command>/sbin/modprobe</command>，并加载在通配符扩展后，
-		  别名能够匹配该字符串的所有模块。</para>
-
-      <!--para>In this example, this means that, in addition to
-      <emphasis>snd-fm801</emphasis>, the obsolete (and unwanted)
-      <emphasis>forte</emphasis> driver will be loaded if it is
-      available. See below for ways in which the loading of unwanted drivers can
-      be prevented.</para-->
-      <para>在本例中，这意味着除了 <emphasis>snd-fm801</emphasis>
-		  外，过时（且不希望）的 <emphasis>forte</emphasis> 如果可用，
-		  也会被加载。下面将介绍防止加载不希望的驱动程序的方法。</para>
-
-      <!--para>The kernel itself is also able to load modules for network
-      protocols, filesystems and NLS support on demand.</para-->
-      <para>内核本身也能够在需要时为网络协议、文件系统和 NLS
-		  支持加载模块。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-	<sect3 id="ch-hotplug-device">
-      <title>处理热插拔/动态设备</title>
-
-      <!--para>When you plug in a device, such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) MP3
-      player, the kernel recognizes that the device is now connected and
-      generates a uevent. This uevent is then handled by
-      <command>udevd</command> as described above.</para-->
-      <para>当您插入一个设备，例如通用串行总线（USB) MP3 播放器时，
-		  内核能够发现该设备现在已经被连接到系统，并生成一个 uevent 事件。
-		  之后 <command>udevd</command> 像前面描述的一样，处理该
-		  uevent 事件。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2>
-    <title>加载模块和创建设备时的问题</title>
-
-    <para>在自动创建设备节点时，可能发现一些问题。</para>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>内核模块没有自动加载</title>
-
-      <!--para>Udev will only load a module if it has a bus-specific alias and the
-      bus driver properly exports the necessary aliases to <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>. In other cases, one should
-      arrange module loading by other means. With Linux-&linux-version;, Udev is
-      known to load properly-written drivers for INPUT, IDE, PCI, USB, SCSI,
-      SERIO, and FireWire devices.</para-->
-      <para>Udev 只加载拥有总线特定别名，且总线驱动程序正确地向
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>
-		  导出了必要别名的模块。如果情况不是这样，
-		  您应该考虑用其他方法加载模块。在 Linux-&linux-version; 中，
-		  已知 Udev 可以加载编写正确的 INPUT、IDE、PCI、USB、SCSI、SERIO
-		  和 FireWire 驱动程序。</para>
-
-      <!--para>To determine if the device driver you require has the necessary
-      support for Udev, run <command>modinfo</command> with the module name as
-      the argument.  Now try locating the device directory under
-      <filename class="directory">/sys/bus</filename> and check whether there is
-      a <filename>modalias</filename> file there.</para-->
-      <para>为了确定您需要的设备驱动程序是否包含 Udev 支持，
-		  以模块名为参数运行 <command>modinfo</command> 命令。
-		  然后试着在 <filename class="directory">/sys/bus</filename>
-		  中找到设备对应的目录，并检查其中是否有
-		  <filename>modalias</filename> 文件。</para>
-
-      <!--para>If the <filename>modalias</filename> file exists in <systemitem
-      class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>, the driver supports the device and
-      can talk to it directly, but doesn't have the alias, it is a bug in the
-      driver. Load the driver without the help from Udev and expect the issue
-      to be fixed later.</para-->
-      <para>如果 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 中有
-		  <filename>modalias</filename> 文件，说明驱动程序支持该设备，
-		  并能够直接和设备交互，但却没有正确地别名。这是驱动程序的 bug ，
-		  您需要不通过 Udev 直接加载驱动，并等待这个问题日后被解决。</para>
-
-      <!--para>If there is no <filename>modalias</filename> file in the relevant
-      directory under <filename class="directory">/sys/bus</filename>, this
-      means that the kernel developers have not yet added modalias support to
-      this bus type. With Linux-&linux-version;, this is the case with ISA
-      busses. Expect this issue to be fixed in later kernel versions.</para-->
-      <para>如果在 <filename class="directory">/sys/bus</filename>
-		  下的相关目录中没有 <filename>modalias</filename> 文件，
-		  说明内核开发者尚未对该总线类型增加 modalias 支持。
-		  在 Linux-&linux-version; 中，ISA 总线不受支持。
-		  只能等待这个问题在日后被解决。</para>
-
-      <!--para>Udev is not intended to load <quote>wrapper</quote> drivers such as
-      <emphasis>snd-pcm-oss</emphasis> and non-hardware drivers such as
-      <emphasis>loop</emphasis> at all.</para-->
-      <para>Udev 根本不会尝试加载 <emphasis>snd-pcm-oss</emphasis>
-		  等 <quote>包装器</quote> 驱动程序，或 <emphasis>loop</emphasis>
-		  等非硬件驱动程序。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>内核模块没有自动加载，且 Udev 不尝试加载它</title>
-
-      <!--para>If the <quote>wrapper</quote> module only enhances the
-      functionality provided by some other module (e.g.,
-      <emphasis>snd-pcm-oss</emphasis> enhances the functionality of
-      <emphasis>snd-pcm</emphasis> by making the sound cards available to OSS
-      applications), configure <command>modprobe</command> to load the wrapper
-      after Udev loads the wrapped module. To do this, add a
-      <quote>softdep</quote> line to the corresponding
-      <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/<replaceable>&lt;filename&gt;</replaceable>.conf</filename>
-      file. For example:</para-->
-      <para>如果 <quote>包装器</quote> 仅仅用于增强其他模块的功能
-		  （例如，<emphasis>snd-pcm-oss</emphasis> 增强
-		  <emphasis>snd-pcm</emphasis> 的功能，
-		  使 OSS 应用程序能够使用声卡），需要配置
-		  <command>modprobe</command> 使其在 Udev 加载被包装的模块时，
-		  自动加载包装器。为此，在对应的
-<filename>/etc/modprobe.d/<replaceable>&lt;filename&gt;</replaceable>.conf
-		  </filename> 文件中加入一个
-		  <quote>softdep</quote> 行，例如：</para>
-
-<screen role="nodump"><literal>softdep snd-pcm post: snd-pcm-oss</literal></screen>
-
-      <!--para>Note that the <quote>softdep</quote> command also allows
-      <literal>pre:</literal> dependencies, or a mixture of both
-      <literal>pre:</literal> and <literal>post:</literal>.  See the
-      <filename>modprobe.d(5)</filename> manual page for more information
-      on <quote>softdep</quote> syntax and capabilities.</para-->
-      <para>注意 <quote>softdep</quote> 命令也允许 <literal>pre:</literal>
-		  依赖项，或混合使用 <literal>pre:</literal> 和
-		  <literal>post:</literal> 依赖项。参阅
-		  <filename>modprobe.d(5)</filename> man 手册页面，
-		  了解更多关于 <quote>softdep</quote> 语法和功能的信息。</para>
-
-      <!--para>If the module in question is not a wrapper and is useful by itself,
-      configure the <command>modules</command> bootscript to load this
-      module on system boot. To do this, add the module name to the
-      <filename>/etc/sysconfig/modules</filename> file on a separate line.
-      This works for wrapper modules too, but is suboptimal in that case.</para-->
-      <para>如果出现问题的模块不是包装器，而是本身就有特定功能的模块，
-		  需要配置 <command>modules</command> 启动脚本以在系统引导时加载它。
-		  为此，将模块名添加到 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/modules</filename>
-		  中，作为单独的一行。包装器模块也可以被添加到这里，
-		  但对于包装器来说这不是最好的方案。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>Udev 加载了不希望的模块</title>
-
-      <!--para>Either don't build the module, or blacklist it in a
-      <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf</filename> file as done with the
-      <emphasis>forte</emphasis> module in the example below:</para-->
-      <para>不要构建该模块，或者在
-		  <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf</filename>
-		  文件中禁用它。以 <emphasis>forte</emphasis> 为例，
-		  下面一行禁用了该模块：</para>
-
-<screen role="nodump"><literal>blacklist forte</literal></screen>
-
-      <!--para>Blacklisted modules can still be loaded manually with the
-      explicit <command>modprobe</command> command.</para-->
-      <para>被禁用的模块仍然可以通过直接执行 <command>modprobe</command>
-		  手动加载。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>Udev 创建了错误的设备或错误的符号链接</title>
-
-      <!--para>This usually happens if a rule unexpectedly matches a device. For
-      example, a poorly-written rule can match both a SCSI disk (as desired)
-      and the corresponding SCSI generic device (incorrectly) by vendor.
-      Find the offending rule and make it more specific, with the help of the
-      <command>udevadm info</command> command.</para-->
-      <para>这一般是由于一条规则意外地匹配了某个设备。
-		  例如，一个写得不好的规则可能同时匹配到 SCSI 磁盘（正确的）
-		  和对应厂商的 SCSI 通用设备（不正确的）。
-		  找到引起问题的规则，并通过 <command>udevadm info</command>
-		  的帮助，将它进一步细化。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>Udev 规则工作不可靠</title>
-
-      <!--para>This may be another manifestation of the previous problem. If not,
-      and your rule uses <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>
-      attributes, it may be a kernel timing issue, to be fixed in later kernels.
-      For now, you can work around it by creating a rule that waits for the used
-      <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> attribute and appending
-      it to the <filename>/etc/udev/rules.d/10-wait_for_sysfs.rules</filename>
-      file (create this file if it does not exist). Please notify the LFS
-      Development list if you do so and it helps.</para-->
-      <para>这可能是前一个问题的另一个表现形式。如果不是，
-		  而且您的规则使用了
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 属性，
-		  这个问题可能由内核计时问题引发，这类问题需要在新的内核版本中修复。
-		  目前，您可以创建一条规则以等待被使用的
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 属性，
-		  并将它附加到 <filename>/etc/udev/rules.d/10-wait-for-sysfs.rules
-		  </filename> 文件中（如果不存在就创建一个文件），绕过这个问题。
-		  如果您通过这种方法解决了问题，请通知 LFS 开发邮件列表。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>Udev 没有创建设备</title>
-
-      <!--para>Further text assumes that the driver is built statically into the
-      kernel or already loaded as a module, and that you have already checked
-      that Udev doesn't create a misnamed device.</para-->
-      <para>以下内容假设驱动程序已经被编译到内核中，或作为模块被加载，
-		  而且您已经检查过并确认 Udev 没有创建命名错误的设备。</para>
-
-      <!--para>Udev has no information needed to create a device node if a kernel
-      driver does not export its data to
-      <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>. This is most common
-      with third party drivers from outside the kernel tree. Create a static
-      device node in <filename>/lib/udev/devices</filename> with the
-      appropriate major/minor numbers (see the file
-      <filename>devices.txt</filename> inside the kernel documentation or the
-      documentation provided by the third party driver vendor). The static
-      device node will be copied to <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>
-      by <command>udev</command>.</para-->
-      <para>如果驱动程序没有将它的信息导出到
-		  <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>，
-		  Udev 就无法获得创建设备节点必需的信息。
-		  这种问题往往出现在内核源代码树以外的第三方驱动程序中。
-		  这时，需要在 <filename>/lib/udev/devices</filename>
-		  中使用正确的主设备号和次设备号，创建一个静态设备节点
-		  （参考内核文档中的 <filename>devices.txt</filename>
-		  或第三方驱动厂商提供的文档），<command>udev</command>
-		  会将该静态设备节点复制到 <filename class="directory">/dev
-	  </filename>。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-    <sect3>
-      <title>重启后设备命名顺序随机变化</title>
-
-      <!--para>This is due to the fact that Udev, by design, handles uevents and
-      loads modules in parallel, and thus in an unpredictable order. This will
-      never be <quote>fixed</quote>. You should not rely upon the kernel device
-      names being stable. Instead, create your own rules that make symlinks with
-      stable names based on some stable attributes of the device, such as a
-      serial number or the output of various *_id utilities installed by Udev.
-      See <xref linkend="ch-scripts-symlinks"/> and
-      <xref linkend="ch-scripts-network"/> for examples.</para-->
-      <para>这是由于 Udev 从设计上就是并行加载模块的，因此无法预测加载顺序。
-		  这个问题永远也不会被 <quote>修复</quote>。
-		  您不应该指望内核提供稳定的设备命名，而是应该创建您自己的规则，
-		  以根据设备的一些稳定属性，例如设备序列号或 Udev 安装的一些
-		  *_id 工具的输出，来创建具有稳定名称的符号链接。
-		  可以参考 <xref linkend="ch-scripts-symlinks"/> 和
-		  <xref linkend="ch-scripts-network"/> 中的例子。</para>
-
-    </sect3>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-  <sect2>
-    <title>扩展阅读</title>
-
-    <para>以下链接包含了一些额外的帮助文档：</para>
-
-    <itemizedlist>
-
-      <listitem>
-        <para>A Userspace Implementation of <systemitem class="filesystem">devfs</systemitem>
-        <ulink url="http://www.kroah.com/linux/talks/ols_2003_udev_paper/Reprint-Kroah-Hartman-OLS2003.pdf"/></para>
-      </listitem>
-
-      <listitem>
-        <para>The <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> Filesystem
-        <ulink url="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/mochel/doc/papers/ols-2005/mochel.pdf"/></para>
-      </listitem>
-
-<!--  No longer available
-      <listitem>
-        <para>Pointers to further reading
-        <ulink url="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html"/>
-        </para>
-      </listitem>
--->
-    </itemizedlist>
-
-  </sect2>
-
-</sect1>

packages.ent.orig

@@ -1,718 +0,0 @@
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