|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,1250 @@
|
|
|
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
|
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
|
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
|
+ <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
|
|
+ %general-entities;
|
|
|
+]>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" role="wrap">
|
|
|
+ <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <sect1info condition="script">
|
|
|
+ <productname>util-linux</productname>
|
|
|
+ <productnumber>&util-linux-version;</productnumber>
|
|
|
+ <address>&util-linux-url;</address>
|
|
|
+ </sect1info>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <sect2 role="package">
|
|
|
+ <title/>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>Util-linux 软件包包含若干工具程序，包括处理文件系统、
|
|
|
+ 终端、分区和消息的工具。</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <segmentedlist>
|
|
|
+ <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
|
|
|
+ <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <seglistitem>
|
|
|
+ <seg>&util-linux-ch6-sbu;</seg>
|
|
|
+ <seg>&util-linux-ch6-du;</seg>
|
|
|
+ </seglistitem>
|
|
|
+ </segmentedlist>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ </sect2>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <sect2 role="installation">
|
|
|
+ <title>FHS 兼容性注意事项</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>FHS 建议使用 <filename
|
|
|
+ class="directory">/var/lib/hwclock</filename> 目录作为
|
|
|
+ <filename>adjtime</filename> 文件的位置，而不是
|
|
|
+ 一般的 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> 目录。
|
|
|
+ 首先创建该目录，启用 <command>hwclock</command> 程序的存储功能：</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ </sect2>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <sect2 role="installation">
|
|
|
+ <title>安装 Util-linux</title>
|
|
|
+<!--
|
|
|
+ <para>First, fix one of the regression tests:</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's/2^64/(2^64/' -e 's/E </E) <=/' -e 's/ne /eq /' \
|
|
|
+ -i tests/ts/ipcs/limits2</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+-->
|
|
|
+ <para revision="systemd">删除之前创建的符号链接：</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="pre">rm -vf /usr/include/{blkid,libmount,uuid}</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>准备安装 Util-linux：</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
|
|
|
+ --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
|
|
|
+ --disable-chfn-chsh \
|
|
|
+ --disable-login \
|
|
|
+ --disable-nologin \
|
|
|
+ --disable-su \
|
|
|
+ --disable-setpriv \
|
|
|
+ --disable-runuser \
|
|
|
+ --disable-pylibmount \
|
|
|
+ --disable-static \
|
|
|
+ --without-python \
|
|
|
+ --without-systemd \
|
|
|
+ --without-systemdsystemunitdir</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
|
|
|
+ --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
|
|
|
+ --disable-chfn-chsh \
|
|
|
+ --disable-login \
|
|
|
+ --disable-nologin \
|
|
|
+ --disable-su \
|
|
|
+ --disable-setpriv \
|
|
|
+ --disable-runuser \
|
|
|
+ --disable-pylibmount \
|
|
|
+ --disable-static \
|
|
|
+ --without-python</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>--disable 和 --without 选项防止一些警告，
|
|
|
+ 它们与一些 LFS 中不存在，
|
|
|
+ 或与其他软件包安装的程序不兼容的构建组件相关。</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>编译该软件包：</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>如果希望的话，以非 root 用户身份运行测试套件：</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <warning><!--para>Running the test suite as the root user can be harmful to
|
|
|
+ your system. To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must
|
|
|
+ be available in the currently running system, and must be built as a
|
|
|
+ module. Building it into the kernel will prevent booting. For complete
|
|
|
+ coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed. If desired, this test can
|
|
|
+ be run after rebooting into the completed LFS system and running:</para-->
|
|
|
+ <para>以 root 用户身份运行测试套件可能对系统造成损害。
|
|
|
+ 为了运行它，内核配置选项 CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG
|
|
|
+ 必须在当前运行的系统中可用，且必须被构建为内核模块，
|
|
|
+ 直接将其构建为内核的一部分会导致系统无法引导。
|
|
|
+ 为了测试的完整覆盖，必须安装其他 BLFS 软件包。
|
|
|
+ 如果希望的话，可以在重新启动，进入完整的 LFS 系统后，
|
|
|
+ 执行以下命令运行测试：</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <screen role="nodump"><userinput>bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+ </warning>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody .
|
|
|
+su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <note><!--para>One test, fincore/count, may fail in the initial chroot
|
|
|
+ environment but will pass if the test is rerun after the LFS system
|
|
|
+ is complete.</para-->
|
|
|
+ <para>一个名为 fincore/count 的测试在初始的 chroot 环境中可能失败，
|
|
|
+ 但在 LFS 系统构建完成后重新运行即可通过。</para>
|
|
|
+ </note>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>安装该软件包：</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ </sect2>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content">
|
|
|
+ <title>Util-linux 的内容</title>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <segmentedlist>
|
|
|
+ <segtitle>安装的程序</segtitle>
|
|
|
+ <segtitle>安装的库</segtitle>
|
|
|
+ <segtitle>安装的目录</segtitle>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <seglistitem>
|
|
|
+ <seg>addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu,
|
|
|
+ chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg,
|
|
|
+ eject, fallocate, fdformat, fdisk, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck,
|
|
|
+ fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hexdump, hwclock,
|
|
|
+ i386, ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, kill, last, lastb (到
|
|
|
+ last 的链接), ldattach, linux32, linux64, logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu,
|
|
|
+ lsipc, lslocks, lslogins, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
|
|
|
+ more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pg, pivot_root, prlimit, raw,
|
|
|
+ readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rtcwake, script,
|
|
|
+ scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel,
|
|
|
+ swapoff (到 swapon 的链接), swapon, switch_root, tailf, taskset, ul,
|
|
|
+ umount, uname26, unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, wall, wdctl, whereis,
|
|
|
+ wipefs, x86_64, 以及 zramctl</seg>
|
|
|
+ <seg>libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so,
|
|
|
+ libsmartcols.so, 以及 libuuid.so</seg>
|
|
|
+ <seg>/usr/include/blkid,
|
|
|
+ /usr/include/libfdisk,
|
|
|
+ /usr/include/libmount,
|
|
|
+ /usr/include/libsmartcols,
|
|
|
+ /usr/include/uuid,
|
|
|
+ /usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;,
|
|
|
+ 以及 /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
|
|
|
+ </seglistitem>
|
|
|
+ </segmentedlist>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <variablelist>
|
|
|
+ <bridgehead renderas="sect3">简要描述</bridgehead>
|
|
|
+ <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
|
|
+ <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="addpart">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>addpart</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>告知 Linux 内核有新的分区</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux addpart">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-addpart">addpart</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="agetty">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>agetty</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>打开 tty 端口，提示输入登录名，再启动
|
|
|
+ <command>login</command> 程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="blkdiscard">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>blkdiscard</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>丢弃设备上的扇区</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkdiscard">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-blkdiscard">blkdiscard</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="blkid">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>blkid</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>一个命令行工具，用于定位和打印块设备属性</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkid">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-blkid">blkid</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="blockdev">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>blockdev</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>允许用户从命令行调用块设备 ioctl</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="cal">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>cal</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>显示简单的日历</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="cfdisk">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>cfdisk</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>操作给定设备的分区表</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="chcpu">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>chcpu</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>修改 CPU 状态</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chcpu">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-chcpu">chcpu</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="chrt">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>chrt</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>操纵进程实时属性</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chrt">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-chrt">chrt</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="col">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>col</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>过滤掉反向换行符</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-col">col</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="colcrt">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>colcrt</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>为缺失加粗、半行等功能的终端过滤 <command>nroff</command>
|
|
|
+ 输出</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="colrm">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>colrm</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>过滤掉给定列</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="column">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>column</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将给定文件格式化为多栏</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-column">column</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="ctrlaltdel">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将 Ctrl+Alt+Del 键组合的功能设定为硬复位或软复位</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="delpart">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>delpart</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>要求 Linux 内核删除分区</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux delpart">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-delpart">delpart</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="dmesg">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>dmesg</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>转储内核引导消息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="eject">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>eject</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>弹出可移动媒体</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux eject">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-eject">eject</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="fallocate">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>fallocate</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>为文件预先分配空间</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fallocate">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-fallocate">fallocate</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="fdformat">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>fdformat</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>低级格式化软盘</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="fdisk">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>fdisk</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>操作给定设备的分区表</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="findfs">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>findfs</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>根据通用唯一识别码（UUID）查找文件系统</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findfs">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-findfs">findfs</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="findmnt">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>findmnt</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>是 libmount 库的命令行接口，可以处理
|
|
|
+ mountinfo、fstab 和 mtab 文件</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-findmnt">findmnt</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="flock">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>flock</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>获取文件锁，并在持有锁的情况下运行命令</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux flock">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-flock">flock</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="fsck">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>fsck</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>用于检查或修复文件系统</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-fsck">fsck</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="fsck.cramfs">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>用于对给定设备上的 Cramfs 文件系统进行一致性检查</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="fsck.minix">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>用于对给定设备上的 Minix 文件系统进行一致性检查</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="fsfreeze">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>是内核驱动 ioctl 选项 FIFREEZE/FITHAW 的简单包装</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-fsfreeze">fsfreeze</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="fstrim">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>fstrim</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>丢弃已挂载文件系统上未使用的块</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fstrim">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-fstrim">fstrim</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="getopt">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>getopt</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>解析给定命令行的选项</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="hexdump">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>hexdump</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>以十六进制或其他给定格式转储文件</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="hwclock">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>hwclock</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>读取或设置系统硬件时钟，它又被称为实时时钟（RTC）
|
|
|
+ 或基本输入输出系统（BIOS）时钟</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="i386">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>i386</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux i386">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-i386">i386</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="ionice">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>ionice</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>设定程序的 IO 调度类和优先级</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ionice">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-ionice">ionice</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="ipcmk">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>ipcmk</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>创建多种 IPC 资源</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcmk">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-ipcmk">ipcmk</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="ipcrm">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>ipcrm</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>删除给定 IPC 资源</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="ipcs">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>ipcs</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>提供 IPC 状态信息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="isosize">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>isosize</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>报告 ISO 9660 文件系统的大小</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="kill">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>kill</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>向进程发送信号</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux kill">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-kill">kill</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="last">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>last</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>显示哪些用户最后登录（或登出），
|
|
|
+ 在 <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> 文件中反向搜索；
|
|
|
+ 它也会显示系统引导、关闭和运行级别变化记录</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux last">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="lastb">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>lastb</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>显示
|
|
|
+ <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> 记录的失败登录企图</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lastb">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="ldattach">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>ldattach</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>为串口线附加行规则</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ldattach">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-ldattach">ldattach</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="linux32">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>linux32</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux32">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-linux32">linux32</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="linux64">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>linux64</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux64">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-linux64">linux64</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="logger">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>logger</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将给定消息记入系统日志</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="look">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>look</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>显示以给定字符串开始的行</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-look">look</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="losetup">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>losetup</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>设定和控制回环设备</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="lsblk">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>lsblk</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>以树状格式列出所有或给定块设备的信息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsblk">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-lsblk">lsblk</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="lscpu">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>lscpu</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>打印 CPU 体系结构信息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lscpu">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-lscpu">lscpu</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="lsipc">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>lsipc</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>打印系统当前部署的 IPC 设施的信息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsipc">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-lsipc">lsipc</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="lslocks">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>lslocks</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>列出本地系统锁</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslocks">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-lslocks">lslocks</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="lslogins">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>lslogins</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>列出用户、组和系统账户的信息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslogins">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-lslogins">lslogins</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mcookie">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mcookie</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>为
|
|
|
+ <command>xauth</command> 创建魔术 cookie
|
|
|
+ （128位随机十六进制数）</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mesg">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mesg</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>控制其他用户能否向当前用户终端发送消息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mesg">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mkfs">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mkfs</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>在设备（一般是硬盘分区）上创建文件系统</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mkfs.bfs">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>创建 Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs 文件系统</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mkfs.cramfs">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>创建 cramfs 文件系统</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mkfs.minix">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>创建 Minix 文件系统</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mkswap">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mkswap</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将给定文件或设备初始化为交换空间</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="more">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>more</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>用于对文本在屏幕上进行分页的过滤器</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-more">more</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mount">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mount</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将给定设备上的文件系统挂载到文件系统树结构中的给定目录
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="mountpoint">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>mountpoint</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>检查目录是否为挂载点</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mountpoint">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="namei">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>namei</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>显示给定目录名中的符号链接</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="nsenter">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>nsenter</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>在其他程序的命名空间中运行程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux nsenter">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-nsenter">nsenter</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="partx">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>partx</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>告知内核磁盘分区的存在性和编号</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux partx">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-partx">partx</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="pg">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>pg</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>每次显示文本文件填满一个屏幕的内容</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pg">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-pg">pg</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="pivot_root">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>pivot_root</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将当前进程的根文件系统设为给定文件系统</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="prlimit">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>prlimit</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>获取和设定进程资源限制</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux prlimit">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-prlimit">prlimit</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="raw">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>raw</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将 Linux raw 字符设备绑定到块设备</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux raw">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-raw">raw</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="readprofile">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>readprofile</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>读取内核性能分析信息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="rename">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>rename</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>重命名给定文件，将给定字符串替换为另一个字符串</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="renice">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>renice</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>修改当前进程的优先级</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="resizepart">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>resizepart</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>要求 Linux 内核改变分区大小</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux resizepart">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-resizepart">resizepart</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="rev">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>rev</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>反转给定文件的行</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="rtcwake">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>rtcwake</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>进入睡眠状态，直到给定的唤醒时间</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rtcwake">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-rtcwake">rtcwake</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="script">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>script</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>记录终端会话打字机文档</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-script">script</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="scriptreplay">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>scriptreplay</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>根据计时信息重放终端会话打字机文档</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptreplay">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-scriptreplay">scriptreplay</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="setarch">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>setarch</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>在新程序环境中修改系统报告的体系结构，
|
|
|
+ 并设置进程执行域信息</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setarch">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-setarch">setarch</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="setsid">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>setsid</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>在新会话中运行给定程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="setterm">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>setterm</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>设定终端属性</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="sfdisk">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>sfdisk</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>一个分区表修改器</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="sulogin">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>sulogin</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>允许 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 登录；
|
|
|
+ 一般在系统进入单用户模式时由
|
|
|
+ <command>init</command> 执行</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sulogin">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="swaplabel">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>swaplabel</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>允许修改交换空间 UUID 和标签</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swaplabel">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-swaplabel">swaplabel</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="swapoff">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>swapoff</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>禁止在文件或设备上进行分页交换</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="swapon">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>swapon</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>启用文件或设备上的分页交换，
|
|
|
+ 或列出当前用于交换的设备和文件</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="switch_root">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>switch_root</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将另一个文件系统切换为挂载树的根</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux switch_root">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-switch_root">switch_root</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="tailf">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>tailf</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>跟踪日志文件的增长；显示日志文件的最后 10 行，
|
|
|
+ 并在日志文件有新记录时继续显示它们</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tailf">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-tailf">tailf</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="taskset">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>taskset</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>获取或设置进程 CPU 亲和性</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux taskset">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-taskset">taskset</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="ul">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>ul</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>将下划线 escape 序列转换为当前终端格式的过滤器</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="umount">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>umount</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>解除文件系统与系统文件目录树的连接</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="uname26">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>uname26</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uname26">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-uname26">uname26</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="unshare">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>unshare</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>在某些命名空间与父进程脱离的情况下运行程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux unshare">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-unshare">unshare</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="utmpdump">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>以更加用户友好的格式显示给定登录文件</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux utmpdump">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="uuidd">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>uuidd</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>UUID 库使用的守护进程，用于安全、确保唯一性地生成 UUID
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidd">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-uuidd">uuidd</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="uuidgen">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>uuidgen</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>创建新的 UUID。
|
|
|
+ 每个新的 UUID 可以被合理地认为在本地系统和其他系统上，
|
|
|
+ 在过去和未来，都是唯一的</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidgen">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-uuidgen">uuidgen</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="wall">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>wall</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>显示文件或标准输入（默认值）的内容到所有登录用户的终端
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wall">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="wdctl">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>wdctl</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>显示硬件看门狗电路状态</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wdctl">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-wdctl">wdctl</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="whereis">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>whereis</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>报告给定命令二进制文件、源代码文件和 man 页面的位置</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="wipefs">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>wipefs</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>从设备上擦除文件系统签名</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wipefs">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-wipefs">wipefs</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="x86_64">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>x86_64</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>到 setarch 的符号链接</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux x86_64">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-x86_64">x86_64</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="zramctl">
|
|
|
+ <term><command>zramctl</command></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>设定和控制 zram (压缩内存盘) 的程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux zramctl">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="b-zramctl">zramctl</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="libblkid">
|
|
|
+ <term><filename class="libraryfile">libblkid</filename></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>包含设备识别和标识提取子程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libblkid">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="c-libblkid">libblkid</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="libfdisk">
|
|
|
+ <term><filename class="libraryfile">libfdisk</filename></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>包含操作分区表的子程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libfdisk">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="c-libfdisk">libfdisk</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="libmount">
|
|
|
+ <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmount</filename></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>包含挂载和解挂块设备的子程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libmount">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="c-libmount">libmount</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="libsmartcols">
|
|
|
+ <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsmartcols</filename></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>包含以表格形式在屏幕上输出的辅助子程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libsmartcols">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="c-libsmartcols">libsmartcols</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <varlistentry id="libuuid">
|
|
|
+ <term><filename class="libraryfile">libuuid</filename></term>
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>包含为对象生成唯一标识符，
|
|
|
+ 使它在本地系统以外也可以访问的子程序</para>
|
|
|
+ <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libuuid">
|
|
|
+ <primary sortas="c-libuuid">libuuid</primary>
|
|
|
+ </indexterm>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+ </varlistentry>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ </variablelist>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ </sect2>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</sect1>
|
Bruce Dubbs