chapter04: Translate adding user page

chapter04/addinguser.xml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 <sect1 id="ch-tools-addinguser">
   <?dbhtml filename="addinguser.html"?>
 
-  <title>Adding the LFS User</title>
+  <title>添加 LFS 用户</title>
 
-  <para>When logged in as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
+  <!--para>When logged in as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
   making a single mistake can damage or destroy a system. Therefore, we
   recommend building the packages in this chapter as an unprivileged user.
   You could use your own user name, but to make it easier to set up a clean
@@ -18,85 +18,119 @@
   class="username">lfs</systemitem> as a member of a new group (also named
   <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>) and use this user during
   the installation process. As <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
-  issue the following commands to add the new user:</para>
+  issue the following commands to add the new user:</para-->
+  <para>当作为 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 用户登录时，
+	  一个简单的错误就可能损坏或摧毁整个系统。
+	  因此，我们建议以非特权用户身份编译
+	  <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> 中的软件包。
+	  您可以用自己的系统用户，但为了更容易地建立一个干净的工作环境，
+	  您最好创建一个叫做 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>
+	  的新用户，以及它从属于的一个新组 (这个组也叫做
+	  <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>) 的成员，
+	  以便我们在编译过程中使用。为了创建新用户，以
+	  <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 身份执行下列命令：
+  </para>
 
 <screen><userinput>groupadd lfs
 useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs</userinput></screen>
 
   <variablelist>
-    <title>The meaning of the command line options:</title>
+    <title>命令行各选项的含义:</title>
 
     <varlistentry>
       <term><parameter>-s /bin/bash</parameter></term>
       <listitem>
-        <para>This makes <command>bash</command> the default shell for user
-        <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>.</para>
+        <para>设置 <command>bash</command> 为用户
+        <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>的默认 shell 。</para>
       </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
     <varlistentry>
       <term><parameter>-g lfs</parameter></term>
       <listitem>
-        <para>This option adds user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>
-        to group <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem>.</para>
+        <para>添加用户 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>
+        到组 <systemitem class="groupname">lfs</systemitem> 。</para>
       </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
     <varlistentry>
       <term><parameter>-m</parameter></term>
       <listitem>
-        <para>This creates a home directory for <systemitem
-        class="username">lfs</systemitem>.</para>
+        <para>为用户 <systemitem
+        class="username">lfs</systemitem> 创建一个主目录。</para>
       </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
     <varlistentry>
       <term><parameter>-k /dev/null</parameter></term>
       <listitem>
-        <para>This parameter prevents possible copying of files from a skeleton
-        directory (default is <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>)
-        by changing the input location to the special null device.</para>
+		  <para>将模板目录设置为空设备文件，从而不从默认模板目录 
+		  	  (<filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>)
+		  复制文件到新的主目录。</para>
       </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
     <varlistentry>
       <term><parameter>lfs</parameter></term>
       <listitem>
-        <para>This is the actual name for the created group and user.</para>
+        <para>要创建的用户和组的名称。</para>
       </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
   </variablelist>
 
-  <para>To log in as <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> (as opposed
+  <!--para>To log in as <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> (as opposed
   to switching to user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> when logged
   in as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, which does not require
   the <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> user to have a password),
-  give <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> a password:</para>
+  give <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> a password:</para-->
+
+  <para>为了以 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 身份登录系统
+	  (尽管以 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 
+	  身份登录时可以不用输入密码切换到用户
+	  <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>)，
+	  为 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 设置密码：</para>
 
 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>passwd lfs</userinput></screen>
 
-  <para>Grant <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> full access to
+  <!--para>Grant <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> full access to
   <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> by making
-  <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> the directory owner:</para>
+  <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> the directory owner:</para-->
+
+  <para>将 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 设为
+	  <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> 目录的所有者，
+	  使 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 
+	  对这个目录拥有完全访问权：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/tools</userinput></screen>
 
-  <para>If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give
+  <!--para>If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give
   user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> ownership of this
-  directory:</para>
+  directory:</para-->
+  <para>如果您按照本书的建议，建立了一个单独的工作目录，
+	  那么将这个目录的所有者也设为
+	  <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/sources</userinput></screen>
 
-  <para>Next, login as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>.
+  <!--para>Next, login as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>.
   This can be done via a virtual console, through a display manager, or with
-  the following substitute user command:</para>
+  the following substitute user command:</para-->
+  <para>下面以 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 的身份登录。
+	  可以在显示管理器中的虚拟控制台登录，也可以使用下面的命令切换用户：
+  </para>
 
 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>su - lfs</userinput></screen>
 
-  <para>The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs
+  <!--para>The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs
   <command>su</command> to start a login shell as opposed to a non-login shell.
   The difference between these two types of shells can be found in detail in
-  <filename>bash(1)</filename> and <command>info bash</command>.</para>
+  <filename>bash(1)</filename> and <command>info bash</command>.</para-->
+
+  <para>参数 <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> 使得
+  <command>su</command> 启动一个登录 shell ，而不是非登录 shell 。
+  您可以阅读
+  <filename>bash(1)</filename> 和 <command>info bash</command>
+  详细了解它们的区别。</para>
 
 </sect1>