chapter06: Translate systemd instruction

chapter06/systemd.xml

@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@
   <sect2 role="package">
     <title/>
 
-    <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
-    running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
+	<para>Systemd 软件包包含控制系统引导、运行和关闭的程序。</para>
 
     <segmentedlist>
       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
@@ -40,24 +39,22 @@
   <sect2 role="installation">
     <title>安装systemd</title>
 
-    <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
+    <para>创建一个符号链接，绕过不存在的 xsltproc：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>Set up the man pages:</para>
+    <para>设定好 man 页面：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="pre">tar -xf ../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:</para>
+    <para>删除在 chroot 环境中无法构建的测试：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '178,222d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>Remove an unneeded group,
-    <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>, from the default udev
-    rules:</para>
+    <para>从默认的 udev 规则中删除不必要的组
+    <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/GROUP="render", //' rules/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
-
     <para>准备安装 systemd：</para>
 
     <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
@@ -86,78 +83,72 @@ meson --prefix=/usr                \
       ..</userinput></screen>
 
     <variablelist>
-      <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
+      <title>meson 选项的含义：</title>
 
       <varlistentry>
         <term><parameter>-D*-path=*</parameter></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>These switches provide location of binaries needed by
-          systemd at runtime that have not yet been installed, or who's
-          pkgconfig files are currently only in
-          <filename>/tools/lib/pkgconfig</filename>.</para>
+          <para>这些开关提供了 systemd 在运行时需要的二进制程序的位置，
+          	  这些程序有些尚未安装，有些的 pkgconfig 文件还在
+          <filename>/tools/lib/pkgconfig</filename> 目录中。</para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
         <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
+          <para>这个开关禁用实验性的 DNSSEC 支持。</para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
         <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
-          services responsible for setting up the system for
-          the first time. They are not useful for LFS because
-          everything is done manually.</para>
+          <para>这个开关防止 systemd 安装用于初始化设定系统的服务。
+          在 LFS 中所有工作都会手工完成，因此不需要它们。</para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
         <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
+          <para>这个开关防止 systemd 安装编译好的测试文件。</para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
         <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
-          <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source
-          distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it
-          if the described feature is desired.</para>
+          <para>这个开关防止一个 systemd 单元的安装，它在引导时运行
+			  <command>ldconfig</command>，
+			  这对于 LFS 等源代码发行版来说没有意义，还会增加引导时间。
+			  如果您需要这个功能，可以删除这个开关。</para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
         <term><parameter>-Droot*</parameter></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>These switches ensure that core programs and
-          shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories
-          of the root partition.</para>
+          <para>这个开关保证核心程序和共享库被安装到 root 分区下的子目录中。
+          </para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
         <term><parameter>-Dsplit-usr=true</parameter></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on
-          systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not
-          symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>
+          <para>这个开关确保 systemd 能够在 /bin、/lib 和 /sbin
+			  目录不是指向 /usr 中对应目录的符号链接的情况下工作。</para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
         <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
-          services responsible for setting up the
-          <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
-          <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
-          were created earlier in this chapter.</para>
+          <para>这个开关防止 systemd 安装负责设定
+          <filename>/etc/group</filename> 和
+          <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 文件的服务。
+          我们在上一章已经创建了这两个文件。</para>
         </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
@@ -175,30 +166,29 @@ meson --prefix=/usr                \
 
 <screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>Remove an unnecessary directory:</para>
+    <para>删除一个不需要的目录：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="install">rm -rfv /usr/lib/rpm</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>Create the Sysvinit compatibility symlinks, so systemd is used
-    as the default init system:</para>
+    <para>创建 Sysvinit 兼容性符号链接，使 systemd 被用作默认 init 系统：
+    </para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="install">for tool in runlevel reboot shutdown poweroff halt telinit; do
      ln -sfv ../bin/systemctl /sbin/${tool}
 done
 ln -sfv ../lib/systemd/systemd /sbin/init</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>Remove our earlier created symlink for xsltproc:</para>
+    <para>删除之前创建的 xsltproc 符号链接：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="install">rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
-    <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
+    <para>创建 <command>systemd-journald</command> 需要的
+    <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> 文件：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
 
-    <para>Create the <filename>/lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</filename>
-    script to allow unprivileged user logins without
-    <application>systemd-logind</application>:</para>
+    <para>创建 <filename>/lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</filename>
+		脚本，使得非特权用户在没有 systemd-logind 的情况下也能登录：</para>
 
 <screen><userinput remap="adjust">cat &gt; /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions &lt;&lt; "EOF"
 #!/bin/bash
@@ -226,18 +216,18 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
         systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path, systemd-resolve, 
         systemd-run, systemd-socket-activate,
         systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent,
-        telinit, timedatectl, and udevadm</seg>
+        telinit, timedatectl, 以及 udevadm</seg>
         <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
         libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2, 
         libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-231.so,
-        and libudev.so</seg>
+        以及 libudev.so</seg>
         <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
         /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
         /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
         /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d,
         /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
         /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
-        /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
+        /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, 以及 /var/log/journal</seg>
       </seglistitem>
     </segmentedlist>
 
@@ -249,7 +239,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="bootctl">
         <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
+          <para>用于查询固件和启动管理器设置</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
             <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -259,7 +249,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="busctl">
         <term><command>busctl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
+          <para>用于探查和监视 D-bus 总线</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
             <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -269,7 +259,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
         <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd Journal</para>
+          <para>用于从 systemd 日志获取核心转储</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
             <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -279,11 +269,10 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="halt">
         <term><command>halt</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
-          <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
-          then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
-          file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
-          brought down</para>
+          <para>一般以 <parameter>-h</parameter> 参数调用
+			  <command>shutdown</command> 命令，除非在运行级别已经为 0
+			  时，则通知内核停止系统；在系统停止运行时它在
+			  <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> 中进行记录</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
             <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -293,8 +282,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
         <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to query and change the system hostname and related
-          settings</para>
+          <para>查询和修改系统机器名</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
             <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -304,9 +292,8 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="init">
         <term><command>init</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
-          the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all 
-          processes according to its configuration files</para>
+          <para>在内核初始化硬件后第一个启动的进程，
+          它接管引导过程，并根据它的配置文件启动所有进程。</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
             <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -316,7 +303,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="journalctl">
         <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
+          <para>用于查询 systemd 日志的内容</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
             <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -326,8 +313,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
         <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
-          from /boot</para>
+          <para>用于在 /boot 中添加或删除内核和 initramfs 映像文件</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
             <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -337,8 +323,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="localectl">
         <term><command>localectl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
-          settings</para>
+          <para>用于查询和修改系统 locale 和键盘布局设置</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
             <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -348,8 +333,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="loginctl">
         <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
-          Manager</para>
+          <para>用于探查和控制 systemd 登录管理器的状态</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
             <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -359,8 +343,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="machinectl">
         <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
-          Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
+          <para>用于探查和控制 systemd 虚拟机和容器注册管理器的状态</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
             <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -370,8 +353,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="networkctl">
         <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to introspect the state of the network links as seen by
-          systemd-networkd</para>
+          <para>用于探查 systemd-networkd 管理的网络连接状态</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
             <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -381,8 +363,8 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="poweroff">
         <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
-          (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
+          <para>告诉内核停止系统运行并关闭计算机
+          (见 <command>halt</command>)</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
             <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -392,7 +374,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="reboot">
         <term><command>reboot</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see
+          <para>告诉内核重启系统 (见
           <command>halt</command>)</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
             <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
@@ -403,8 +385,9 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="runlevel">
         <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
-          last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></para>
+          <para>报告当前系统运行级别和上一个运行级别，
+			  上一个运行级别被记录在 <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>
+			  中</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
             <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -414,8 +397,8 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="shutdown">
         <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes
-          and notifying all logged-in users</para>
+           <para>安全地关闭系统，向所有进程发送信号，并通知所有登录用户
+           </para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
             <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -425,8 +408,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemctl">
         <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
-          and service manager</para>
+          <para>用于探查和控制 systemd 系统和服务管理器的状态</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
             <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -436,8 +418,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
         <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to determine system boot-up performance of the current
-          boot</para>
+          <para>用于分析当前运行系统的引导性能</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -447,8 +428,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
         <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
-          using a question message specified on the command line</para>
+          <para>用于以命令行指定的消息向用户询问系统密码</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -458,7 +438,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
         <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to connect STDOUT and STDERR of a process with the Journal
+          <para>用于将进程的标准输出和错误输出重定向到系统日志
           </para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
@@ -469,8 +449,8 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
         <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
-          group hierarchy in a tree</para>
+          <para>用树的形式递归地显示指定 Linux 控制组 (cgroup)
+          层次结构的内容</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -480,8 +460,8 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
         <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
-          hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>
+          <para>显示本地 Linux 控制组层次结构中占用资源最多的，
+			  可以按 CPU 、内存和磁盘 I/O 负载排序</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -491,9 +471,10 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
         <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to identify and compare configuration files in
-          <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
-          counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
+          <para>用于确定并比较那些覆盖了
+			  <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> 中默认值的
+			  <filename class="directory">/etc</filename>
+			  中的配置文件</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -503,7 +484,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
         <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Detects execution in a virtualized environment</para>
+          <para>检测系统是否在虚拟化环境下运行</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -513,8 +494,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
         <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
-          names</para>
+          <para>用于转义字符串，以便将其包含在 systemd 单元名中</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -524,7 +504,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
         <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to manage hardware database (hwdb)</para>
+          <para>用于管理硬件数据库 (hwdb)</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -534,8 +514,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
         <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
-          inhibitor lock taken</para>
+          <para>用于在关机、休眠或待机抑制锁被锁定的情况下运行程序</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -545,9 +524,8 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
         <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
-          stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
-          randomly generated ID</para>
+          <para>被系统安装工具用于在安装时以随机生成的 ID 初始化
+          <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> 中的机器 ID</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -557,7 +535,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
         <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>A tool to temporarily mount or auto-mount a drive.</para>
+          <para>一个用于临时挂载或自动挂载驱动器的工具</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -567,8 +545,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
         <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
-          changes</para>
+          <para>被守护脚本用于通知 init 系统关于状态变化的信息</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -578,8 +555,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
         <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
-          container</para>
+          <para>用于在轻量级命名空间容器中运行命令或操作系统</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -589,7 +565,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
         <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to query system and user paths</para>
+          <para>用于查询系统和用户路径</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -599,8 +575,8 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
         <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
-          resource records, and services</para>
+          <para>用于解析域名、IPv4 和 IPv6 地址、DNS 资源记录
+          以及服务</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -610,8 +586,8 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
         <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope unit
-          and run the specified command in it</para>
+          <para>用于创建一个临时的 .service 或 .scope 单元，
+          并在其中运行指定命令</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -631,8 +607,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
         <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>A tool to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
-          connection.</para>
+          <para>用于监听 socket 服务，并在连接时启动进程</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -642,10 +617,10 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
         <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
-          directories, based on the configuration file format and location
-          specified in
-          <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
+          <para>根据
+          <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename>
+		  目录中的配置文件给定的文件格式和位置，
+		  创建、修改和清理易失性、临时性文件和目录</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -655,7 +630,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
         <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to list or process pending systemd password requests</para>
+          <para>列出或处理等待中的 systemd 密码请求</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
             <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -665,8 +640,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="telinit">
         <term><command>telinit</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
-          to</para>
+          <para>告诉 <command>init</command> 切换到某个运行级别</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
             <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -676,7 +650,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
         <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Used to query and change the system clock and its settings
+          <para>用于查询和修改系统时钟及其设置
           </para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
             <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
@@ -687,10 +661,9 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="udevadm">
         <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>Generic udev administration tool: controls the udevd daemon,
-          provides info from the Udev database, monitors uevents, waits for
-          uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and triggers uevents
-          for a given device</para>
+          <para>通用 udev 管理工具：控制 udevd 守护进程，
+			  提供 udev 数据库的信息，监视 udev 事件 ，等待 udev 事件结束，
+			  测试 udev 配置，或对于给定设备触发 udev 事件</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
             <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -700,7 +673,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>The main systemd utility library</para>
+          <para>主要的 systemd 工具库</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
             <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
           </indexterm>
@@ -710,7 +683,7 @@ chmod 755 /lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</userinput></screen>
       <varlistentry id="libudev">
         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
         <listitem>
-          <para>A library to access Udev device information</para>
+          <para>用于访问 udev 设备信息的库</para>
           <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
             <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
           </indexterm>