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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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+ <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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+ %general-entities;
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+]>
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+
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+<sect1 id="pre-standards">
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+ <?dbhtml filename="standards.html"?>
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+
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+ <title>LFS and Standards</title>
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+
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+ <sect2>
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+ <title/>
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+
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+ <para>The structure of LFS follows Linux standards as closely as
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+ possible. The primary standards are:</para>
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+
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+ <itemizedlist>
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para><ulink url="http://www.unix.org/single_unix_specification">The
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+ Single UNIX Specification Version 3 (POSIX)</ulink>. Note:
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+ Free registratration is required.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para><ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html">Filesystem
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+ Hierarcy Standard (FHS)</ulink></para>
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+
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+ </listitem>
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para><ulink url="http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_4.0.0/">Linux
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+ Standard Base (LSB) Core Specification 4.0</ulink></para>
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+
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+ <para>The LSB has five separate standards: Core, C++, Desktop,
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+ Runtime Languages, and Printing. In addition to generic requirements
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+ there are also architecture specific requirements. LFS attempts to
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+ conform to the architectures discussed in the previous section.</para>
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+
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+ <note><para>Many people do not agree with the requirements of LSB. The
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+ main purpose of defining it is to ensure that proprietary software will
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+ be able to be installed and run properly on a compliant system. Since LFS
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+ is source based, the user has complete control over what packages are
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+ desired and many choose not to install some packages that are specified
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+ by the LSB. </para></note>
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+
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+ </listitem>
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+ </itemizedlist>
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+
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+ <para>Creating a complete LFS system capable of passing the LSB
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+ certifications tests is possible, but not without many additional ipackages
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+ that are beyond the scope of LFS. Most of these additional packages have
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+ intallation instructions in BLFS. </para>
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+
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+ </sect2>
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+
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+ <sect2>
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+ <title>Why is each package in the book?</title>
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+
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+ <para>As stated earlier, the goal of LFS is to build a complete and usable
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+ foundation-level system. This includes all packages needed to replicate
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+ itself while providing a relativly minimal base from which to customize
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+ a more complete system based on the choices of the user. This does not
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+ mean that LFS is the smallest system possible. Several important packages
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+ are included that are not strictly required. The lists below document the
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+ rationale for each package int he book.</para>
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+
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+
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+ <itemizedlist>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Autoconf</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for producing shell scripts that
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+ can automatically configure source code from a developer's
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+ template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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+ to the build procedures.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Automake</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for generating Make files from
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+ a template. It is often needed to rebuild a package after updates
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+ to the build procedures.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Bash</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package satifies an LSB core requirement to provide
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+ a Bourne Shell interface to the system. It was chosen over
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+ other shell packages bacause of its common usage and extensive
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+ capabilities beyond basic shell functions. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Binutils</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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+ tools for handling object files. It contains programs required by
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+ LSB core.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Bison</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains the GNU version of yacc (Yet Another
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+ Compiler Compiler) needed to build several other LFS programs.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Bzip2</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing
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+ files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Coreutils</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a number of essential programs for viewing
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+ and manipulating files and directories. It also contains programs
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+ required by LSB core.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>DejaGNU</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a framework for testing other programs.
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+ It is only installed in the temporary toolchain.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Diffutils</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs that show the differences
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+ between files or directories. It contains programs required by
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+ LSB core.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Expect</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a program for carrying out scripted
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+ dialogues with other interactive programs. It is commonly used
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+ for testing other packages. It is only installed in the temporary
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+ toolchain.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>E2fsprogs</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains the utilities for handling the ext2, ext3
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+ and ext4 file systems. These are the most common and thouroughly
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+ tested file systems that Linux supports.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>File</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a utility for determining the type of a
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+ given file or files. It is required by LSB core. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Findutils</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs to find files in a file system.
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+ They are required by LSB core. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Flex</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a utility for generating programs that
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+ recognize patterns in text. It is the GNU version of the lex
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+ (lexical analyzer) program. It is required to build several
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+ LFS packages. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Gawk</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for manipulating text files.
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+ It is the GNU version of awk (Aho-Weinberg-Kernighan) that
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+ is required by LSB core.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Gcc</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package is the Gnu Compiler Collection. It contains the
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+ C and C++ compilers as well as several others not built by LFS. It
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+ also contins the standard C++ libraries required by the LSB
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+ C++ standard.</para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>GDBM</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains the GNU Database Manager library. It
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+ is used by one other LFS packages.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Gettext</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains utilities and libraries for
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+ internationalization and localization of numerous packages.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Glibc</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains the main C library. Linux programs would
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+ not run without it. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>GMP</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package package contains math libraries and have
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+ useful functions for arbitrary precision arithmetic. It
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+ is required to build Gcc. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Grep</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for searching through files.
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+ It is required by LSB core. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Groff</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for processing and formatting text.
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+ One important function of these programs is to format man pages.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>GRUB</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package is the Grand Unified Boot Loader. It is one
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+ of several boot loaders available, but is the most flexible.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Gzip</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for compressing and
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+ decompressing files. It is required by LSB core.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Iana-etc</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package provides data for network services and protocols.
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+ It is needed to enable proper networking capabilities.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Inetutils</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for basic network
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+ administration.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>IProute2</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for basic and advanced IPv4 and
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+ IPv6 networking. It was chosen over the other common network
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+ tools package (net-tools) for its IPv6 capabilities. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Kbd</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains key-table files and keyboard utilities
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+ for non-US keyboards. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Less</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a very nice text file viewer that
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+ allows scolling up or down when viewing a file.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Libtool</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains the GNU generic library support
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+ script. It wraps the complexity of using shared libraries in a
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+ consistent, portable interface. It us needed by the test
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+ suites in other LFS packages.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Linux Kernel</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package is the Operating Ststem. It is the Linux in
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+ the GNU/Linux environment.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>M4</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a general text macro processor. It is
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+ required by LSB core.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Make</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a program for directing the building
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+ of packages. It is required by almost every package in LFS.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Man-DB</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for finding and viewing man pages.
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+ It was chosen instead of the <application>man</application> package
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+ due to superior internationalization capabilities. It supplies
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+ the man program required by LSB core. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Man-pages</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains the actual contents of the basic
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+ Linux man pages. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Module-Init-Tools</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs needed to administer Linux
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+ kernel modules. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>MPFR</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains functions for multiple precision
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+ arithmetic. It is required by Gcc.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Ncurses</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains libraries for terminal-independent
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+ handling of character screens. It is often used to provide
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+ cursor control for a menuing system. It provides libraries required
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+ by LSB core. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Patch</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package a program for modifying or creating files by
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+ applying a <emphasis>patch</emphasis> file typically created
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+ by the <application>diff</application> program. It is needed by
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+ the build procedure for several LFS packages. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Perl</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package is an interpreter for the runtime language
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+ PERL. It is required by the LSB Runtime Languages standard.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
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+ <para>Pkg-config</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains a tool for passing the include path
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+ and/or library paths to build tools during the configure and make
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+ processes. It is needed by many LFS packages. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
|
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+ <para>Procps</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for monitoring processes.
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+ It contains programs required by LSB core. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
|
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+ <para>Psmisc</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package contains programs for displaying information
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+ about running processes. It contains programs required by LSB
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+ core. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
|
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+ <para>Readline</para>
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+
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+ <para>This package is a set of libraries that offers command-line
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+ editing and history capabilities. It is used by Bash. </para>
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+ </listitem>
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+
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+ <listitem>
|
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+ <para>Sed</para>
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+
|
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+ <para>This package allows editing of text without opening it in a
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+ text editor. It is also needed by most LFS packages' configure
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+ scripts. It is required by LSB core.</para>
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+ </listitem>
|
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+
|
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+ <listitem>
|
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+ <para>Shadow</para>
|
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+
|
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+ <para>This package contains programs for handling passwords
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+ in a secure way. It provides programs required by LSB core.
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+ </para>
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+ </listitem>
|
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+
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+ <listitem>
|
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+ <para>Sysklogd</para>
|
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+
|
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+ <para>This package contains programs for logging system messages,
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|
+ such as those given by the kernel or daemon processes when unusual
|
|
|
+ events occur.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>Sysvinit</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>This package provides the <application>init</application>
|
|
|
+ program which it the parent of all other processes on the Linux
|
|
|
+ system. </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>Tar</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>This package provides archiving and extraction capabilities
|
|
|
+ of virtually all packages used in LFS. It is required by
|
|
|
+ LSB core. </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>Tcl</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>This package contains the Tool Command Language used
|
|
|
+ in many testsuites in LFS packages. It is only installed in
|
|
|
+ the temporary toolchain. </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>Texinfo</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>This package contains programs for reading, writing, and
|
|
|
+ converting info pages. It is used in the installation
|
|
|
+ procedures of many LFS packages. </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>Udev</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>This package contains programs for dynamic creation of
|
|
|
+ device nodes. It is an alternative to creating thousands of
|
|
|
+ static devices in the /dev directory.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>Util-linux-ng</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>This package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
|
|
|
+ Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles,
|
|
|
+ partitions, and messages. It contains programs required by
|
|
|
+ LSB core. </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>Vim</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>This package an editor. It was chosen because its compatibility
|
|
|
+ with the classic vi editor and its huge number of powerful
|
|
|
+ capabilities. An editor is a very personal choice for
|
|
|
+ many users and any other editor could be substituted if desired.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <listitem>
|
|
|
+ <para>Zlib</para>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ <para>This package contains compression and decompression routines
|
|
|
+ used by some programs. It is required by LSB core.
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </listitem>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ </itemizedlist>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ </sect2>
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+</sect1>
|
|
|
+
|
Bruce Dubbs