kernel.po 32 KB

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  1. msgid ""
  2. msgstr ""
  3. "X-Pootle-Revision: 9999999\n"
  4. "X-Pootle-Path: /zh_CN/lfs/chapter10/kernel.po\n"
  5. "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
  6. "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-09-02 17:31+0800\n"
  7. "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
  8. "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
  9. "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
  10. "Language: zh_CN\n"
  11. "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
  12. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
  13. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
  14. "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n"
  15. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info><address>
  16. #, no-wrap
  17. msgid "&linux-url;"
  18. msgstr "&linux-url;"
  19. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info>
  20. msgid ""
  21. "<productname>kernel</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</"
  22. "productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
  23. msgstr ""
  24. "<productname>kernel</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</"
  25. "productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
  26. #. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
  27. msgid "Linux-&linux-version;"
  28. msgstr "Linux-&linux-version;"
  29. #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
  30. msgid "Linux"
  31. msgstr "Linux"
  32. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  33. msgid "The Linux package contains the Linux kernel."
  34. msgstr "Linux 软件包包含 Linux 内核。"
  35. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  36. msgid "&buildtime;"
  37. msgstr "&buildtime;"
  38. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  39. msgid "&diskspace;"
  40. msgstr "&diskspace;"
  41. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  42. msgid "&linux-knl-sbu;"
  43. msgstr "&linux-knl-sbu;"
  44. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  45. msgid "&linux-knl-du;"
  46. msgstr "&linux-knl-du;"
  47. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  48. msgid "Installation of the kernel"
  49. msgstr "安装内核"
  50. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  51. msgid ""
  52. "Building the kernel involves a few steps&mdash;configuration, compilation, "
  53. "and installation. Read the <filename>README</filename> file in the kernel "
  54. "source tree for alternative methods to the way this book configures the "
  55. "kernel."
  56. msgstr ""
  57. "构建内核需要三步 —— 配置、编译、安装。阅读内核源代码树中的 <filename>README</"
  58. "filename> 文件,了解不同于本手册的内核配置方法。"
  59. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  60. msgid "Prepare for compilation by running the following command:"
  61. msgstr "运行以下命令,准备编译内核:"
  62. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  63. #, no-wrap
  64. msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">make mrproper</userinput>"
  65. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"pre\">make mrproper</userinput>"
  66. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  67. msgid ""
  68. "This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The kernel team "
  69. "recommends that this command be issued prior to each kernel compilation. Do "
  70. "not rely on the source tree being clean after un-tarring."
  71. msgstr ""
  72. "该命令确保内核源代码树绝对干净,内核开发组建议在每次编译内核前运行该命令。尽"
  73. "管内核源代码树在解压后应该是干净的,但这并不完全可靠。"
  74. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  75. msgid ""
  76. "There are several ways to configure the kernel options. Usually, This is "
  77. "done through a menu-driven interface, for example:"
  78. msgstr ""
  79. "有多种配置内核选项的方法。例如,通常我们通过目录驱动的界面完成这一工作:"
  80. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  81. #, no-wrap
  82. msgid "<userinput>make menuconfig</userinput>"
  83. msgstr "<userinput>make menuconfig</userinput>"
  84. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
  85. msgid "The meaning of optional make environment variables:"
  86. msgstr "以上命令中可选的 make 环境变量及含义:"
  87. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  88. msgid "<parameter>LANG=&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; LC_ALL=</parameter>"
  89. msgstr "<parameter>LANG=&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; LC_ALL=</parameter>"
  90. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  91. msgid ""
  92. "This establishes the locale setting to the one used on the host. This may "
  93. "be needed for a proper menuconfig ncurses interface line drawing on a UTF-8 "
  94. "linux text console."
  95. msgstr ""
  96. "它们根据宿主使用的 locale 建立 locale 设定。在 UTF-8 Linux 文本终端下,有时必"
  97. "须这样做才能正确绘制基于 ncurses 的配置菜单接口。"
  98. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  99. msgid ""
  100. "If used, be sure to replace <replaceable>&lt;host_LANG_value&gt;</"
  101. "replaceable> by the value of the <envar>$LANG</envar> variable from your "
  102. "host. You can alternatively use instead the host's value of <envar>$LC_ALL</"
  103. "envar> or <envar>$LC_CTYPE</envar>."
  104. msgstr ""
  105. "在这种情况下,一定要将 <replaceable>&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; </replaceable> 替"
  106. "换成宿主环境中的 <envar>$LANG</envar> 变量值。您也可以使用宿主环境中 <envar>"
  107. "$LC_ALL</envar> 或 <envar>$LC_CTYPE</envar> 的值代替。"
  108. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  109. msgid "<command>make menuconfig</command>"
  110. msgstr "<command>make menuconfig</command>"
  111. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  112. msgid ""
  113. "This launches an ncurses menu-driven interface. For other (graphical) "
  114. "interfaces, type <command>make help</command>."
  115. msgstr ""
  116. "这会启动 ncurses 目录驱动的界面。如果希望了解其他 (图形) 界面,可以输入 "
  117. "<command>make help</command>。"
  118. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  119. msgid ""
  120. "For general information on kernel configuration see <ulink url=\"&hints-root;"
  121. "kernel-configuration.txt\"/>. BLFS has some information regarding "
  122. "particular kernel configuration requirements of packages outside of LFS at "
  123. "<ulink url=\"&blfs-book;longindex.html#kernel-config-index\"/>. Additional "
  124. "information about configuring and building the kernel can be found at <ulink "
  125. "url=\"http://www.kroah.com/lkn/\"/>"
  126. msgstr ""
  127. "阅读 <ulink url=\"&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt\"/> 了解关于内核配置的"
  128. "一般信息。BLFS 包含一些关于 LFS 之外的软件包需要的特定内核配置的信息,位于"
  129. "<ulink url=\"&blfs-book;longindex.html#kernel-config-index\"/> 。另外在 "
  130. "<ulink url=\"http://www.kroah.com/lkn/\"/> 也有一些关于配置和构建内核的信息。"
  131. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  132. msgid ""
  133. "A good starting place for setting up the kernel configuration is to run "
  134. "<command>make defconfig</command>. This will set the base configuration to a "
  135. "good state that takes your current system architecture into account."
  136. msgstr ""
  137. "一个较好的初始内核配置可以通过运行 <command>make defconfig</command> 获得。它"
  138. "会考虑您的当前系统体系结构,将基本内核配置设定到较好的状态。"
  139. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  140. msgid ""
  141. "Be sure to enable/disable/set the following features or the system might not "
  142. "work correctly or boot at all:"
  143. msgstr ""
  144. "一定要按照以下列表启用/禁用/设定其中列出的内核特性,否则系统可能不能正常工"
  145. "作,甚至根本无法引导:"
  146. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
  147. #, no-wrap
  148. msgid ""
  149. "Device Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  150. " Generic Driver Options ---&gt;\n"
  151. " [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
  152. " [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]"
  153. msgstr ""
  154. "Device Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  155. " Generic Driver Options ---&gt;\n"
  156. " [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
  157. " [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]"
  158. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
  159. #, no-wrap
  160. msgid ""
  161. "General setup -->\n"
  162. " [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]\n"
  163. " [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]\n"
  164. " [*] Configure standard kernel features (expert users) [CONFIG_EXPERT] ---&gt; \n"
  165. " [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]\n"
  166. " [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]\n"
  167. "Processor type and features ---&gt;\n"
  168. " [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]\n"
  169. "Firmware Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  170. " [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]\n"
  171. "Networking support ---&gt;\n"
  172. " Networking options ---&gt;\n"
  173. " &lt;*&gt; The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]\n"
  174. "Device Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  175. " Generic Driver Options ---&gt;\n"
  176. " [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
  177. " [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]\n"
  178. " Firmware Loader ---&gt;\n"
  179. " [ ] Enable the firmware sysfs fallback mechanism [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]\n"
  180. "File systems ---&gt;\n"
  181. " [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]\n"
  182. " &lt;*&gt; Kernel automounter support (supports v3, v4, and v5) [CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS]\n"
  183. " Pseudo filesystems ---&gt;\n"
  184. " [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]\n"
  185. " [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]"
  186. msgstr ""
  187. "General setup -->\n"
  188. " [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]\n"
  189. " [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]\n"
  190. " [*] Configure standard kernel features (expert users) [CONFIG_EXPERT] ---&gt; \n"
  191. " [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]\n"
  192. " [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]\n"
  193. "Processor type and features ---&gt;\n"
  194. " [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]\n"
  195. "Firmware Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  196. " [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]\n"
  197. "Networking support ---&gt;\n"
  198. " Networking options ---&gt;\n"
  199. " &lt;*&gt; The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]\n"
  200. "Device Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  201. " Generic Driver Options ---&gt;\n"
  202. " [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
  203. " [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]\n"
  204. " Firmware Loader ---&gt;\n"
  205. " [ ] Enable the firmware sysfs fallback mechanism [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]\n"
  206. "File systems ---&gt;\n"
  207. " [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]\n"
  208. " &lt;*&gt; Kernel automounter support (supports v3, v4, and v5) [CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS]\n"
  209. " Pseudo filesystems ---&gt;\n"
  210. " [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]\n"
  211. " [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]"
  212. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  213. msgid ""
  214. "While \"The IPv6 Protocol\" is not strictly required, it is highly "
  215. "recommended by the systemd developers."
  216. msgstr ""
  217. "尽管 “The IPv6 Protocol” (IPv6 协议支持) 并不是严格要求的,但是 systemd 开发"
  218. "者强烈推荐启用它。"
  219. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  220. msgid ""
  221. "There are several other options that may be desired depending on the "
  222. "requirements for the system. For a list of options needed for BLFS packages, "
  223. "see the <ulink url=\"&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex."
  224. "html#kernel-config-index\">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink> (&lfs-root;"
  225. "blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index)."
  226. msgstr ""
  227. "根据系统的需求,可能需要一些其他配置选项。BLFS 软件包需要的内核配置选项列表可"
  228. "以在 <ulink url=\"&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-"
  229. "config-index\">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink> (&lfs-root;blfs/view/"
  230. "&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index) 查阅。"
  231. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  232. msgid ""
  233. "If your host hardware is using UEFI, then the 'make defconfig' above should "
  234. "automatically add in some EFI-related kernel options."
  235. msgstr ""
  236. "如果您的硬件平台使用 UEFI,则 “make defconfig” 命令也会自动加入一些 EFI 相关"
  237. "的内核选项。"
  238. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  239. msgid ""
  240. "In order to allow your LFS kernel to be booted from within your host's UEFI "
  241. "boot environment, your kernel must have this option selected:"
  242. msgstr ""
  243. "为了允许从宿主系统的 UEFI 引导环境引导 LFS 内核,您必须选择一个内核选项:"
  244. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
  245. #, no-wrap
  246. msgid ""
  247. "Processor type and features ---&gt;\n"
  248. " [*] EFI stub support [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]"
  249. msgstr ""
  250. "Processor type and features ---&gt;\n"
  251. " [*] EFI stub support [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]"
  252. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  253. msgid ""
  254. "A fuller description of managing UEFI environments from within LFS is "
  255. "covered by the lfs-uefi.txt hint at <ulink url=\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt\"/"
  256. ">."
  257. msgstr ""
  258. "在 LFS 中管理 UEFI 环境的较完整说明包含在 lfs-uefi.txt 中,它位于 <ulink url="
  259. "\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt\"/>。"
  260. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
  261. msgid "The rationale for the above configuration items:"
  262. msgstr "上述配置选项的含义:"
  263. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  264. msgid "<parameter>Support for uevent helper</parameter>"
  265. msgstr "<parameter>Support for uevent helper</parameter>"
  266. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  267. msgid ""
  268. "Having this option set may interfere with device management when using Udev/"
  269. "Eudev."
  270. msgstr "如果启用了该选项,它可能干扰 Udev/Eudev 的设备管理。"
  271. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  272. msgid "<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>"
  273. msgstr "<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>"
  274. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  275. msgid ""
  276. "This will create automated device nodes which are populated by the kernel, "
  277. "even without Udev running. Udev then runs on top of this, managing "
  278. "permissions and adding symlinks. This configuration item is required for "
  279. "all users of Udev/Eudev."
  280. msgstr ""
  281. "该选项会使内核自动创建设备节点,即使 Udev 没有运行。Udev 之后才在这些设备节点"
  282. "的基础上运行,管理它们的访问权限并为它们建立符号链接。所有 Udev/Eudev 用户都"
  283. "需要启用该选项。"
  284. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  285. msgid ""
  286. "Alternatively, <command>make oldconfig</command> may be more appropriate in "
  287. "some situations. See the <filename>README</filename> file for more "
  288. "information."
  289. msgstr ""
  290. "某些情况下,<command>make oldconfig</command> 更为合适。阅读 "
  291. "<filename>README</filename> 文件了解更多信息。"
  292. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  293. msgid ""
  294. "If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel config file, "
  295. "<filename>.config</filename>, from the host system (assuming it is "
  296. "available) to the unpacked <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-"
  297. "version;</filename> directory. However, we do not recommend this option. It "
  298. "is often better to explore all the configuration menus and create the kernel "
  299. "configuration from scratch."
  300. msgstr ""
  301. "如果希望的话,也可以将宿主系统的内核配置文件 <filename>.config</filename> 拷"
  302. "贝到解压出的 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</filename> "
  303. "目录 (前提是可以找到该文件)。然而我们不推荐这样做,一般来说,浏览整个配置目"
  304. "录,并从头创建内核配置是更好的选择。"
  305. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  306. msgid "Compile the kernel image and modules:"
  307. msgstr "编译内核映像和模块:"
  308. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  309. #, no-wrap
  310. msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"
  311. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"
  312. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  313. msgid ""
  314. "If using kernel modules, module configuration in <filename class=\"directory"
  315. "\">/etc/modprobe.d</filename> may be required. Information pertaining to "
  316. "modules and kernel configuration is located in <xref linkend=\"ch-config-udev"
  317. "\"/> and in the kernel documentation in the <filename class=\"directory"
  318. "\">linux-&linux-version;/Documentation</filename> directory. Also, "
  319. "<filename>modprobe.d(5)</filename> may be of interest."
  320. msgstr ""
  321. "如果要使用内核模块,可能需要在 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/modprobe."
  322. "d</filename> 中写入模块配置。讨论模块和内核配置的信息位于<xref linkend=\"ch-"
  323. "config-udev\"/>和 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;/"
  324. "Documentation </filename> 目录下的内核文档中。另外 <filename>modprobe.d(5)</"
  325. "filename> 也可以作为参考。"
  326. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  327. msgid ""
  328. "Unless module support has been disabled in the kernel configuration, install "
  329. "the modules with:"
  330. msgstr "如果内核配置使用了模块,安装它们:"
  331. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  332. #, no-wrap
  333. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">make modules_install</userinput>"
  334. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">make modules_install</userinput>"
  335. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  336. msgid ""
  337. "After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are required to "
  338. "complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to the <filename "
  339. "class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> directory."
  340. msgstr ""
  341. "在内核编译完成后,需要进行额外步骤完成安装,一些文件需要拷贝到 <filename "
  342. "class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> 目录中。"
  343. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><para>
  344. msgid ""
  345. "If the host system has a separate /boot partition, the files copied below "
  346. "should go there. The easiest way to do that is to bind /boot on the host "
  347. "(outside chroot) to /mnt/lfs/boot before proceeding. As the root user in "
  348. "the <emphasis>host system</emphasis>:"
  349. msgstr ""
  350. "如果宿主系统有单独的 /boot 分区,需要将这些文件拷贝到该分区中。最简单的方法是"
  351. "将宿主系统的 /boot (在 chroot 之外) 绑定到 /mnt/lfs/boot 再拷贝文件,在"
  352. "<emphasis>宿主系统</emphasis>中,以 root 身份执行:"
  353. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><screen>
  354. #, no-wrap
  355. msgid "<userinput>mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot</userinput>"
  356. msgstr "<userinput>mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot</userinput>"
  357. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  358. msgid ""
  359. "The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform being used. "
  360. "The filename below can be changed to suit your taste, but the stem of the "
  361. "filename should be <emphasis>vmlinuz</emphasis> to be compatible with the "
  362. "automatic setup of the boot process described in the next section. The "
  363. "following command assumes an x86 architecture:"
  364. msgstr ""
  365. "指向内核映像的路径可能随机器平台的不同而变化。下面使用的文件名可以依照您的需"
  366. "要改变,但文件名的开头应该保持为 <emphasis>vmlinuz</emphasis>,以保证和下一节"
  367. "描述的引导过程自动设定相兼容。下面的命令假定是机器是 x86 体系结构:"
  368. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  369. #, no-wrap
  370. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</userinput>"
  371. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</userinput>"
  372. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  373. #, no-wrap
  374. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</userinput>"
  375. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</userinput>"
  376. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  377. msgid ""
  378. "<filename>System.map</filename> is a symbol file for the kernel. It maps "
  379. "the function entry points of every function in the kernel API, as well as "
  380. "the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running kernel. It is "
  381. "used as a resource when investigating kernel problems. Issue the following "
  382. "command to install the map file:"
  383. msgstr ""
  384. "<filename>System.map</filename> 是内核符号文件,它将内核 API 的每个函数入口点"
  385. "和运行时数据结构映射到它们的地址。它被用于调查分析内核可能出现的问题。执行以"
  386. "下命令安装该文件:"
  387. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  388. #, no-wrap
  389. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  390. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  391. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  392. msgid ""
  393. "The kernel configuration file <filename>.config</filename> produced by the "
  394. "<command>make menuconfig</command> step above contains all the configuration "
  395. "selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It is a good idea to keep "
  396. "this file for future reference:"
  397. msgstr ""
  398. "内核配置文件 <filename>.config</filename> 由上述的 <command>make menuconfig</"
  399. "command> 步骤生成,包含编译好的内核的所有配置选项。最好能将它保留下来以供日后"
  400. "参考:"
  401. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  402. #, no-wrap
  403. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  404. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  405. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  406. msgid "Install the documentation for the Linux kernel:"
  407. msgstr "安装 Linux 内核文档:"
  408. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  409. #, no-wrap
  410. msgid ""
  411. "<userinput remap=\"install\">install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;\n"
  412. "cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  413. msgstr ""
  414. "<userinput remap=\"install\">install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;\n"
  415. "cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  416. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  417. msgid ""
  418. "It is important to note that the files in the kernel source directory are "
  419. "not owned by <emphasis>root</emphasis>. Whenever a package is unpacked as "
  420. "user <emphasis>root</emphasis> (like we did inside chroot), the files have "
  421. "the user and group IDs of whatever they were on the packager's computer. "
  422. "This is usually not a problem for any other package to be installed because "
  423. "the source tree is removed after the installation. However, the Linux source "
  424. "tree is often retained for a long time. Because of this, there is a chance "
  425. "that whatever user ID the packager used will be assigned to somebody on the "
  426. "machine. That person would then have write access to the kernel source."
  427. msgstr ""
  428. "需要注意的是,在内核源代码目录中可能有不属于 <emphasis>root</emphasis> 的文"
  429. "件。在以 <emphasis>root</emphasis> 身份解压源代码包时 (就像我们在 chroot 环境"
  430. "中所做的那样),这些文件会获得它们之前在软件包创建者的计算机上的用户和组 ID。"
  431. "这一般不会造成问题,因为在安装后通常会删除源代码目录树。然而,Linux 源代码目"
  432. "录树一般会被保留较长时间,这样创建者当时使用的用户 ID 就可能被分配给本机的某"
  433. "个用户,导致该用户拥有内核源代码的写权限。"
  434. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  435. msgid ""
  436. "In many cases, the configuration of the kernel will need to be updated for "
  437. "packages that will be installed later in BLFS. Unlike other packages, it is "
  438. "not necessary to remove the kernel source tree after the newly built kernel "
  439. "is installed."
  440. msgstr ""
  441. "之后在 BLFS 中安装软件包时往往需要修改内核配置。因此,和其他软件包不同,我们"
  442. "在安装好内核后可以不移除源代码树。"
  443. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  444. msgid ""
  445. "If the kernel source tree is going to be retained, run <command>chown -R "
  446. "0:0</command> on the <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</"
  447. "filename> directory to ensure all files are owned by user <emphasis>root</"
  448. "emphasis>."
  449. msgstr ""
  450. "如果要保留内核源代码树,切换到内核源代码目录,执行 <command>chown -R 0:0</"
  451. "command>,以保证 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</"
  452. "filename> 目录中所有文件都属于 <emphasis>root</emphasis>。"
  453. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para>
  454. msgid ""
  455. "Some kernel documentation recommends creating a symlink from <filename class="
  456. "\"symlink\">/usr/src/linux</filename> pointing to the kernel source "
  457. "directory. This is specific to kernels prior to the 2.6 series and "
  458. "<emphasis>must not</emphasis> be created on an LFS system as it can cause "
  459. "problems for packages you may wish to build once your base LFS system is "
  460. "complete."
  461. msgstr ""
  462. "有的内核文档建议创建符号链接 <filename class=\"symlink\">/usr/src/linux</"
  463. "filename> 指向内核源代码目录,这仅仅适用于 2.6 系列之前的内核。在 LFS 系统上"
  464. "<emphasis>绝对不要</emphasis>创建它,因为在构建完基本 LFS 系统后,它可能在您"
  465. "构建其他软件包时引起问题。"
  466. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para>
  467. msgid ""
  468. "The headers in the system's <filename class=\"directory\">include</filename> "
  469. "directory (<filename class=\"directory\">/usr/include</filename>) should "
  470. "<emphasis>always</emphasis> be the ones against which Glibc was compiled, "
  471. "that is, the sanitised headers installed in <xref linkend=\"ch-tools-linux-"
  472. "headers\"/>. Therefore, they should <emphasis>never</emphasis> be replaced "
  473. "by either the raw kernel headers or any other kernel sanitized headers."
  474. msgstr ""
  475. "在系统 <filename class=\"directory\">include</filename> 目录 (即 <filename "
  476. "class=\"directory\">/usr/include</filename>) 中的内核头文件应该<emphasis>总是"
  477. "</emphasis>与构建 Glibc 时使用的内核头文件一致,即保持为<xref linkend=\"ch-"
  478. "tools-linux-headers\"/>中安装的净化头文件。换句话说,<emphasis>永远不要</"
  479. "emphasis>用原始内核头文件,或其他版本内核的净化头文件替换它们。"
  480. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  481. msgid "Configuring Linux Module Load Order"
  482. msgstr "配置 Linux 内核模块加载顺序"
  483. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  484. msgid "/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf"
  485. msgstr "/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf"
  486. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  487. msgid ""
  488. "Most of the time Linux modules are loaded automatically, but sometimes it "
  489. "needs some specific direction. The program that loads modules, "
  490. "<command>modprobe</command> or <command>insmod</command>, uses <filename>/"
  491. "etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename> for this purpose. This file needs to be "
  492. "created so that if the USB drivers (ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd) have "
  493. "been built as modules, they will be loaded in the correct order; ehci_hcd "
  494. "needs to be loaded prior to ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd in order to avoid a "
  495. "warning being output at boot time."
  496. msgstr ""
  497. "多数情况下 Linux 内核模块可以自动加载,但有时需要指定加载顺序。负责加载内核模"
  498. "块的程序 <command>modprobe</command> 和 <command>insmod</command> 从 "
  499. "<filename>/etc/modprobe.d</filename> 下的配置文件中读取加载顺序,例如,如果 "
  500. "USB 驱动程序 (ehci_hcd、ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd) 被构建为模块,则必须按照先加载 "
  501. "echi_hcd,再加载 ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd 的正确顺序,才能避免引导时出现警告信"
  502. "息。"
  503. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  504. msgid ""
  505. "Create a new file <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename> by running "
  506. "the following:"
  507. msgstr ""
  508. "为此,执行以下命令创建文件 <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename>:"
  509. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  510. #, no-wrap
  511. msgid ""
  512. "<userinput>install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d\n"
  513. "cat &gt; /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  514. "<literal># Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf\n"
  515. "\n"
  516. "install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true\n"
  517. "install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true\n"
  518. "\n"
  519. "# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</literal>\n"
  520. "EOF</userinput>"
  521. msgstr ""
  522. "<userinput>install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d\n"
  523. "cat &gt; /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  524. "<literal># Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf\n"
  525. "\n"
  526. "install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true\n"
  527. "install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true\n"
  528. "\n"
  529. "# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</literal>\n"
  530. "EOF</userinput>"
  531. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  532. msgid "Contents of Linux"
  533. msgstr "Linux 的内容"
  534. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  535. msgid "Installed files"
  536. msgstr "安装的文件"
  537. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  538. msgid "Installed directories"
  539. msgstr "安装的目录"
  540. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  541. msgid ""
  542. "config-&linux-version;, <phrase revision=\"sysv\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
  543. "lfs-&version;,</phrase> <phrase revision=\"systemd\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
  544. "lfs-&versiond;,</phrase> and System.map-&linux-version;"
  545. msgstr ""
  546. "config-&linux-version;, <phrase revision=\"sysv\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
  547. "lfs-&version;,</phrase> <phrase revision=\"systemd\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
  548. "lfs-&versiond;,</phrase> 以及 System.map-&linux-version;"
  549. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  550. msgid "/lib/modules, /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;"
  551. msgstr "/lib/modules 和 /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;"
  552. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead>
  553. msgid "Short Descriptions"
  554. msgstr "简要描述"
  555. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist>
  556. msgid ""
  557. "<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
  558. msgstr ""
  559. "<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
  560. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  561. msgid "<filename>config-&linux-version;</filename>"
  562. msgstr "<filename>config-&linux-version;</filename>"
  563. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  564. msgid "Contains all the configuration selections for the kernel"
  565. msgstr "包含所有内核配置选项的值"
  566. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  567. msgid "/boot/config-&linux-version;"
  568. msgstr "/boot/config-&linux-version;"
  569. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  570. msgid "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</filename>"
  571. msgstr "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</filename>"
  572. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  573. msgid "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</filename>"
  574. msgstr "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</filename>"
  575. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  576. msgid ""
  577. "The engine of the Linux system. When turning on the computer, the kernel is "
  578. "the first part of the operating system that gets loaded. It detects and "
  579. "initializes all components of the computer's hardware, then makes these "
  580. "components available as a tree of files to the software and turns a single "
  581. "CPU into a multitasking machine capable of running scores of programs "
  582. "seemingly at the same time"
  583. msgstr ""
  584. "Linux 系统的引擎,在启动计算机时,它是操作系统中被最早加载的部分。它检测并初"
  585. "始化计算机硬件,将它们以目录树的形式提供给软件,并将单个 CPU 封装成多任务系"
  586. "统,使多个用户程序看上去在同时执行。"
  587. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  588. msgid "lfskernel-&linux-version;"
  589. msgstr "lfskernel-&linux-version;"
  590. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  591. msgid "<filename>System.map-&linux-version;</filename>"
  592. msgstr "<filename>System.map-&linux-version;</filename>"
  593. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  594. msgid ""
  595. "A list of addresses and symbols; it maps the entry points and addresses of "
  596. "all the functions and data structures in the kernel"
  597. msgstr "地址和符号列表;它将内核函数和数据结构映射为入口点和地址"
  598. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  599. msgid "/boot/System.map-&linux-version;"
  600. msgstr "/boot/System.map-&linux-version;"