lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter10/grub.po

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#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info><address>
#, no-wrap
msgid "&grub-url;"
msgstr "&grub-url;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info>
msgid ""
"<productname>grub</productname> <productnumber>&grub-version;</"
"productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"<productname>grub</productname> <productnumber>&grub-version;</"
"productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process"
msgstr "使用 GRUB 设定引导过程"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr "概述"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system inoperable without an "
"alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM or bootable USB drive. This section "
"is not required to boot your LFS system.  You may just want to modify your "
"current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or LILO."
msgstr ""
"如果您不小心错误地配置了 GRUB，可能导致您的系统完全无法使用，除非使用 CD-ROM "
"或可引导的 USB 存储器等备用引导设备。本节不是引导您的 LFS 系统的唯一方案，您"
"可能只要修改现有的启动加载器 (如 Grub-Legacy、GRUB2 或 LILO) 配置即可引导 "
"LFS。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the "
"computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable).  If you do not "
"already have a boot device, you can create one.  In order for the procedure "
"below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install "
"<userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;multimedia/"
"libisoburn.html\"> libisoburn</ulink> package."
msgstr ""
"您务必保证自己拥有一个紧急引导磁盘，它在计算机不可用 (无法引导) 时能够 "
"<quote>抢修</quote> 计算机。如果您现在还没有引导设备，您可以执行以下命令创建"
"一个。在运行下列命令前，您需要跳到 BLFS，安装包含 <userinput>xorriso</"
"userinput> 的 <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html"
"\">libisoburn</ulink> 软件包："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cd /tmp \n"
"grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso \n"
"xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>cd /tmp \n"
"grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso \n"
"xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"To boot LFS on host systems that have UEFI enabled, the kernel needs to have "
"been built with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB capability described in the previous "
"section.  However, LFS can be booted using GRUB2 without such an addition. "
"To do this, the UEFI Mode and Secure Boot capabilities in the host system's "
"BIOS need to be turned off.  For details, see <ulink url=\"&hints-root;lfs-"
"uefi.txt\"> the lfs-uefi.txt hint</ulink> at &hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt."
msgstr ""
"为了在使用 UEFI 的宿主系统上引导 LFS，在构建内核时，需要启用 CONFIG_EFI_STUB "
"功能，正如上一节所述。不过，可以使用 GRUB2 在没有该功能的情况下引导 LFS，前提"
"是在系统 BIOS 设定中关闭 UEFI 模式和安全引导 (Secure Boot) 功能。关于在 UEFI "
"环境下引导 LFS 的的详细信息，可以参阅 <ulink url=\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt"
"\">lfs-uefi.txt hint</ulink>，它位于 &hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "GRUB Naming Conventions"
msgstr "GRUB 命名惯例"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in the form of "
"<emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis> is the hard drive "
"number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition number. The hard drive "
"number starts from zero, but the partition number starts from one for normal "
"partitions and five for extended partitions.  Note that this is different "
"from earlier versions where both numbers started from zero. For example, "
"partition <filename class=\"partition\">sda1</filename> is "
"<emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to GRUB and <filename class=\"partition\">sdb3</"
"filename> is <emphasis>(hd1,3)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does "
"not consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD on "
"<filename class=\"partition\">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive on "
"<filename class=\"partition\">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive would "
"still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"GRUB 使用一种独特的命名结构，为驱动器和分区命名。分区名的形式为 "
"<emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>，这里 <emphasis>n</emphasis> 是硬盘驱动器编号，"
"<emphasis>m</emphasis> 是分区编号。硬盘驱动器编号从 0 开始，但分区号对于主分"
"区来说从 1 开始，而对于扩展分区来说从 5 开始。例如，分区 <filename class="
"\"partition\">sda1</filename> 在 GRUB 中的名字是 <emphasis>(hd0, 1)</"
"emphasis>，而 <filename class=\"partition\">sda3</filename> 的名字是 "
"<emphasis>(hd1, 3)</emphasis>。和 Linux 不同，GRUB 不认为 CD-ROM 驱动器属于硬"
"盘驱动器。例如，如果在 <filename class=\"partition\">hdb</filename> 上有一个 "
"CD-ROM 驱动器，而 <filename class=\"partition\">hdc</filename> 上有第二个硬盘"
"驱动器，则第二个硬盘驱动器仍然名为 <emphasis>hd1</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Setting Up the Configuration"
msgstr "设定 GRUB 配置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the hard disk.  "
"This area is not part of any file system.  The programs there access GRUB "
"modules in the boot partition.  The default location is /boot/grub/."
msgstr ""
"GRUB 的工作方式是，将数据写入硬盘的第一个物理磁道。这里不属于任何文件系统，在"
"启动时，第一个物理磁道中的程序从引导分区加载 GRUB 模块，默认在 /boot/grub 中"
"查找模块。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that affects the "
"configuration.  One recommendation is to have a separate small (suggested "
"size is 200 MB) partition just for boot information.  That way each build, "
"whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot files and "
"access can be made from any booted system.  If you choose to do this, you "
"will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the current "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the linux "
"kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition.  You "
"will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename class="
"\"directory\">/boot</filename>.  If you do this, be sure to update "
"<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>."
msgstr ""
"引导分区的位置由负责进行配置的用户自己决定，作者推荐创建一个小的 (建议大小为 "
"200 MB) 分区，专门存放引导信息。这样，不同的 Linux 系统 (无论是 LFS 还是商业"
"发行版) 在启动时和启动后都能访问相同的引导文件。如果您选择这样做，您需要挂载"
"这个单独的分区，将 <filename class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> 中已有的文"
"件 (例如上一节中构建的内核) 移动到新的分区中。之后，解除该分区的挂载，并将它"
"挂载为 <filename class=\"directory\">/boot</filename>。另外，还要注意更新 "
"<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Using the current lfs partition will also work, but configuration for "
"multiple systems is more difficult."
msgstr "直接使用 LFS 分区也是可以的，但这样在配置多系统启动时比较麻烦。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator for the "
"root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is used). For the "
"following example, it is assumed that the root (or separate boot) partition "
"is <filename class=\"partition\">sda2</filename>."
msgstr ""
"根据以上信息，确定 LFS 根分区 (或 boot 分区，如果使用了独立的 boot 分区) 的名"
"称。下面假设 LFS 根分区 (或 boot 分区) 是 <filename class=\"partition"
"\">sda2</filename>。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Install the GRUB files into <filename class=\"directory\">/boot/grub</"
"filename> and set up the boot track:"
msgstr ""
"将 GRUB 文件安装到<filename class=\"directory\">/boot/grub</filename> 并设定"
"引导磁道："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para>
msgid ""
"The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not run the "
"command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party boot "
"manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR)."
msgstr ""
"以下命令会覆盖当前启动引导器，如果这不是您希望的，不要运行该命令。例如，如果"
"您使用第三方启动引导器管理主引导记录 (MBR)。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>grub-install /dev/sda</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>grub-install /dev/sda</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"If the system has been booted using UEFI, <command>grub-install</command> "
"will try to install files for the <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, "
"but those files have not been installed in chapter 6. If this is the case, "
"add <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above."
msgstr ""
"如果系统是使用 UEFI 引导的，<command>grub-install</command> 会试图为 "
"<emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> 目标安装文件，但它们并未在第 6 章中安装。如果"
"出现了这类问题，请在以上命令中添加 <option>--target i386-pc</option> 选项。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Creating the GRUB Configuration File"
msgstr "创建 GRUB 配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Generate <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename>:"
msgstr "生成 <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename>："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n"
"set default=0\n"
"set timeout=5\n"
"\n"
"insmod ext2\n"
"set root=(hd0,2)\n"
"\n"
"menuentry \"GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;\" {\n"
"        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 ro\n"
"}</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n"
"set default=0\n"
"set timeout=5\n"
"\n"
"insmod ext2\n"
"set root=(hd0,2)\n"
"\n"
"menuentry \"GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;\" {\n"
"        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 ro\n"
"}</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n"
"set default=0\n"
"set timeout=5\n"
"\n"
"insmod ext2\n"
"set root=(hd0,2)\n"
"\n"
"menuentry \"GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;\" {\n"
"        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond; root=/dev/sda2 ro\n"
"}</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n"
"set default=0\n"
"set timeout=5\n"
"\n"
"insmod ext2\n"
"set root=(hd0,2)\n"
"\n"
"menuentry \"GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;\" {\n"
"        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond; root=/dev/sda2 ro\n"
"}</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"From <application>GRUB</application>'s perspective, the kernel files are "
"relative to the partition used.  If you used a separate /boot partition, "
"remove /boot from the above <emphasis>linux</emphasis> line.  You will also "
"need to change the <emphasis>set root</emphasis> line to point to the boot "
"partition."
msgstr ""
"从 <application>GRUB</application>的视角来看，内核文件的位置相对于它使用的分"
"区。如果您使用了单独的 /boot 分区，需要从上面的 <emphasis>linux</emphasis> 行"
"删除 /boot，然后修改 <emphasis>set root</emphasis> 行，指向 /boot 分区。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous number of "
"options for booting from a wide variety of devices, operating systems, and "
"partition types.  There are also many options for customization such as "
"graphical splash screens, playing sounds, mouse input, etc.  The details of "
"these options are beyond the scope of this introduction."
msgstr ""
"GRUB 是一个很强大的程序，它提供了非常多的选项，可以支持多种设备、操作系统和分"
"区类型，还有很多用于定制启动屏幕、声音、鼠标输入等的选项。这些选项的细节超过"
"了本书的范围，不予讨论。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><para>
msgid ""
"There is a command, <application>grub-mkconfig</application>, that can write "
"a configuration file automatically.  It uses a set of scripts in /etc/grub."
"d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make.  These scripts are "
"designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not recommended for "
"LFS.  If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there is a good chance "
"that this program will be run.  Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file."
msgstr ""
"有一个命令 <application>grub-mkconfig</application> 被用于自动创建配置文件。"
"它使用 /etc/grub.d 中的脚本创建新配置文件，这会覆盖您手动编写的 grub.cfg。这"
"些脚本主要是为非源代码发行版设计的，在 LFS 中不推荐使用。但是，如果您安装了商"
"业发行版，它很可能在发行版中被运行，记得备份 grub.cfg 以防它被覆盖。"