msgid "Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems" msgstr "准备虚拟内核文件系统" #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary> msgid "/dev/*" msgstr "/dev/*" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Various file systems exported by the kernel are used to communicate to and " "from the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual in that no disk space " "is used for them. The content of the file systems resides in memory." msgstr "" "内核对外提供了一些文件系统，以便自己和用户空间进行通信。它们是虚拟文件系统，" "并不占用磁盘空间，其内容保留在内存中。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Begin by creating directories onto which the file systems will be mounted:" msgstr "首先创建这些文件系统的挂载点：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Creating Initial Device Nodes" msgstr "创建初始设备节点" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "When the kernel boots the system, it requires the presence of a few device " "nodes, in particular the <filename class=\"devicefile\">console</filename> " "and <filename class=\"devicefile\">null</filename> devices. The device nodes " "must be created on the hard disk so that they are available before the " "kernel populates <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">/dev</systemitem>), and " "additionally when Linux is started with <parameter>init=/bin/bash</" "parameter>. Create the devices by running the following commands:" msgstr "" "在内核引导系统时，它需要一些设备节点，特别是 <filename class=\"devicefile" "\">console</filename> 和 <filename class=\"devicefile\">null</filename> 两个" "设备。它们需要创建在硬盘上，这样在内核填充 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">/" "dev</systemitem> 前，或者 Linux 使用 <parameter>init=/bin/bash</parameter> 内" "核选项启动时，也能使用它们。运行以下命令创建它们：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1\n" "mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1\n" "mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Mounting and Populating /dev" msgstr "挂载和填充 /dev" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "The recommended method of populating the <filename class=\"directory\">/dev</" "filename> directory with devices is to mount a virtual filesystem (such as " "<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">tmpfs</systemitem>) on the <filename class=" "\"directory\">/dev</filename> directory, and allow the devices to be created " "dynamically on that virtual filesystem as they are detected or accessed. " "Device creation is generally done during the boot process by Udev. Since " "this new system does not yet have Udev and has not yet been booted, it is " "necessary to mount and populate <filename class=\"directory\">/dev</" "filename> manually. This is accomplished by bind mounting the host system's " "<filename class=\"directory\">/dev</filename> directory. A bind mount is a " "special type of mount that allows you to create a mirror of a directory or " "mount point to some other location. Use the following command to achieve " "this:" msgstr "" "用设备文件填充 <filename class=\"directory\">/dev</filename> 目录的推荐方法是" "挂载一个虚拟文件系统 (例如 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">tmpfs</" "systemitem>) 到 <filename class=\"directory\">/dev</filename>，然后在设备被发" "现或访问时动态地创建设备文件。这个工作通常由 Udev 在系统引导时完成。然而，我" "们的新系统还没有 Udev，也没有被引导过，因此必须手工挂载和填充 <filename " "class=\"directory\">/dev</filename>。这可以通过绑定挂载宿主系统的 <filename " "class=\"directory\">/dev</filename> 目录就实现。绑定挂载是一种特殊挂载类型，" "它允许在另外的位置创建某个目录或挂载点的映像。运行以下命令进行绑定挂载：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems" msgstr "挂载虚拟内核文件系统" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "Now mount the remaining virtual kernel filesystems:" msgstr "现在挂载其余的虚拟内核文件系统：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts\n" "mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc\n" "mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys\n" "mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts\n" "mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc\n" "mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys\n" "mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a symbolic link to " "<filename class=\"directory\">/run/shm</filename>. The /run tmpfs was " "mounted above so in this case only a directory needs to be created." msgstr "" "在某些宿主系统上，<filename>/dev/shm</filename> 是一个指向 <filename class=" "\"directory\">/run/shm</filename> 的符号链接。我们已经在 /run 下挂载了 tmpfs " "文件系统，因此在这里只需要创建一个目录。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then\n" " mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)\n" "fi</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then\n" " mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)\n" "fi</userinput>"

msgid "" msgstr "" "X-Pootle-Revision: 9999999\n" "X-Pootle-Path: /zh_CN/lfs/chapter07/kernfs.po\n" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-08 19:28+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems" msgstr "准备虚拟内核文件系统" #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary> msgid "/dev/*" msgstr "/dev/*" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Various file systems exported by the kernel are used to communicate to and " "from the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual in that no disk space " "is used for them. The content of the file systems resides in memory." msgstr "" "内核对外提供了一些文件系统，以便自己和用户空间进行通信。它们是虚拟文件系统，" "并不占用磁盘空间，其内容保留在内存中。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Begin by creating directories onto which the file systems will be mounted:" msgstr "首先创建这些文件系统的挂载点：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Creating Initial Device Nodes" msgstr "创建初始设备节点" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "When the kernel boots the system, it requires the presence of a few device " "nodes, in particular the <filename class=\"devicefile\">console</filename> " "and <filename class=\"devicefile\">null</filename> devices. The device nodes " "must be created on the hard disk so that they are available before the " "kernel populates <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">/dev</systemitem>), and " "additionally when Linux is started with <parameter>init=/bin/bash</" "parameter>. Create the devices by running the following commands:" msgstr "" "在内核引导系统时，它需要一些设备节点，特别是 <filename class=\"devicefile" "\">console</filename> 和 <filename class=\"devicefile\">null</filename> 两个" "设备。它们需要创建在硬盘上，这样在内核填充 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">/" "dev</systemitem> 前，或者 Linux 使用 <parameter>init=/bin/bash</parameter> 内" "核选项启动时，也能使用它们。运行以下命令创建它们：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1\n" "mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1\n" "mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Mounting and Populating /dev" msgstr "挂载和填充 /dev" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "The recommended method of populating the <filename class=\"directory\">/dev</" "filename> directory with devices is to mount a virtual filesystem (such as " "<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">tmpfs</systemitem>) on the <filename class=" "\"directory\">/dev</filename> directory, and allow the devices to be created " "dynamically on that virtual filesystem as they are detected or accessed. " "Device creation is generally done during the boot process by Udev. Since " "this new system does not yet have Udev and has not yet been booted, it is " "necessary to mount and populate <filename class=\"directory\">/dev</" "filename> manually. This is accomplished by bind mounting the host system's " "<filename class=\"directory\">/dev</filename> directory. A bind mount is a " "special type of mount that allows you to create a mirror of a directory or " "mount point to some other location. Use the following command to achieve " "this:" msgstr "" "用设备文件填充 <filename class=\"directory\">/dev</filename> 目录的推荐方法是" "挂载一个虚拟文件系统 (例如 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">tmpfs</" "systemitem>) 到 <filename class=\"directory\">/dev</filename>，然后在设备被发" "现或访问时动态地创建设备文件。这个工作通常由 Udev 在系统引导时完成。然而，我" "们的新系统还没有 Udev，也没有被引导过，因此必须手工挂载和填充 <filename " "class=\"directory\">/dev</filename>。这可以通过绑定挂载宿主系统的 <filename " "class=\"directory\">/dev</filename> 目录就实现。绑定挂载是一种特殊挂载类型，" "它允许在另外的位置创建某个目录或挂载点的映像。运行以下命令进行绑定挂载：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems" msgstr "挂载虚拟内核文件系统" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "Now mount the remaining virtual kernel filesystems:" msgstr "现在挂载其余的虚拟内核文件系统：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts\n" "mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc\n" "mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys\n" "mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts\n" "mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc\n" "mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys\n" "mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a symbolic link to " "<filename class=\"directory\">/run/shm</filename>. The /run tmpfs was " "mounted above so in this case only a directory needs to be created." msgstr "" "在某些宿主系统上，<filename>/dev/shm</filename> 是一个指向 <filename class=" "\"directory\">/run/shm</filename> 的符号链接。我们已经在 /run 下挂载了 tmpfs " "文件系统，因此在这里只需要创建一个目录。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then\n" " mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)\n" "fi</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then\n" " mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)\n" "fi</userinput>"