#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:11 msgid "Setting Up the Environment" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:13 msgid "" "Set up a good working environment by creating two new startup files for the " "<command>bash</command> shell. While logged in as user <systemitem " "class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>, issue the following command to create a " "new <filename>.bash_profile</filename>:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:18 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > ~/.bash_profile << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\\u:\\w\\$ ' " "/bin/bash</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:22 msgid "" "When logged on as user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>, the " "initial shell is usually a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which reads the " "<filename>/etc/profile</filename> of the host (probably containing some " "settings and environment variables) and then " "<filename>.bash_profile</filename>. The <command>exec env " "-i.../bin/bash</command> command in the <filename>.bash_profile</filename> " "file replaces the running shell with a new one with a completely empty " "environment, except for the <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, and " "<envar>PS1</envar> variables. This ensures that no unwanted and potentially " "hazardous environment variables from the host system leak into the build " "environment. The technique used here achieves the goal of ensuring a clean " "environment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:34 msgid "" "The new instance of the shell is a <emphasis>non-login</emphasis> shell, " "which does not read, and execute, the conten of " "<filename>/etc/profile</filename> or <filename>.bash_profile</filename> " "files, but rather reads, and executes, the <filename>.bashrc</filename> file " "instead. Create the <filename>.bashrc</filename> file now:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:40 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > ~/.bashrc << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>set +h\n" "umask 022\n" "LFS=/mnt/lfs\n" "LC_ALL=POSIX\n" "LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu\n" "PATH=/usr/bin\n" "if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi\n" "PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH\n" "export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:53 msgid "The meaning of the settings in <filename>.bashrc</filename>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:56 msgid "<parameter>set +h</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:58 msgid "" "The <command>set +h</command> command turns off <command>bash</command>'s " "hash function. Hashing is ordinarily a useful " "feature—<command>bash</command> uses a hash table to remember the full " "path of executable files to avoid searching the <envar>PATH</envar> time and " "again to find the same executable. However, the new tools should be used as " "soon as they are installed. By switching off the hash function, the shell " "will always search the <envar>PATH</envar> when a program is to be run. As " "such, the shell will find the newly compiled tools in <filename " "class=\"directory\">~/tools</filename> as soon as they are available without " "remembering a previous version of the same program in a different location." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:73 msgid "<parameter>umask 022</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:75 msgid "" "Setting the user file-creation mask (umask) to 022 ensures that newly " "created files and directories are only writable by their owner, but are " "readable and executable by anyone (assuming default modes are used by the " "<function>open(2)</function> system call, new files will end up with " "permission mode 644 and directories with mode 755)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:84 msgid "<parameter>LFS=/mnt/lfs</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:86 msgid "The <envar>LFS</envar> variable should be set to the chosen mount point." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:92 msgid "<parameter>LC_ALL=POSIX</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:94 msgid "" "The <envar>LC_ALL</envar> variable controls the localization of certain " "programs, making their messages follow the conventions of a specified " "country. Setting <envar>LC_ALL</envar> to <quote>POSIX</quote> or " "<quote>C</quote> (the two are equivalent) ensures that everything will work " "as expected in the chroot environment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:103 msgid "<parameter>LFS_TGT=(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:105 msgid "" "The <envar>LFS_TGT</envar> variable sets a non-default, but compatible " "machine description for use when building our cross compiler and linker and " "when cross compiling our temporary toolchain. More information is contained " "in <xref linkend=\"ch-tools-toolchaintechnotes\" role=\"\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:113 msgid "<parameter>PATH=/usr/bin</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:115 msgid "" "Many modern linux distributions have merged <filename " "class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> and <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>. When this is the case, the standard " "<envar>PATH</envar> variable needs just to be set to <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/bin/</filename> for the <xref " "linkend=\"chapter-temporary-tools\"/> environment. When this is not the " "case, the following line adds <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> " "to the path." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:127 msgid "<parameter>if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:129 msgid "" "If <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> is not a symbolic link, " "then it has to be added to the <envar>PATH</envar> variable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:135 msgid "<parameter>PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:137 msgid "" "By putting <filename class=\"directory\">$LFS/tools/bin</filename> ahead of " "the standard <envar>PATH</envar>, the cross-compiler installed at the " "beginning of <xref linkend=\"chapter-cross-tools\"/> is picked up by the " "shell immediately after its installation. This, combined with turning off " "hashing, limits the risk that the compiler from the host be used instead of " "the cross-compiler." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:147 msgid "<parameter>export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:149 msgid "" "While the above commands have set some variables, in order to make them " "visible within any sub-shells, we export them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:156 msgid "" "Finally, to have the environment fully prepared for building the temporary " "tools, source the just-created user profile:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:159 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>source ~/.bash

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:11 msgid "Setting Up the Environment" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:13 msgid "" "Set up a good working environment by creating two new startup files for the " "<command>bash</command> shell. While logged in as user <systemitem " "class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>, issue the following command to create a " "new <filename>.bash_profile</filename>:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:18 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > ~/.bash_profile << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\\u:\\w\\$ ' " "/bin/bash</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:22 msgid "" "When logged on as user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>, the " "initial shell is usually a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which reads the " "<filename>/etc/profile</filename> of the host (probably containing some " "settings and environment variables) and then " "<filename>.bash_profile</filename>. The <command>exec env " "-i.../bin/bash</command> command in the <filename>.bash_profile</filename> " "file replaces the running shell with a new one with a completely empty " "environment, except for the <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, and " "<envar>PS1</envar> variables. This ensures that no unwanted and potentially " "hazardous environment variables from the host system leak into the build " "environment. The technique used here achieves the goal of ensuring a clean " "environment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:34 msgid "" "The new instance of the shell is a <emphasis>non-login</emphasis> shell, " "which does not read, and execute, the conten of " "<filename>/etc/profile</filename> or <filename>.bash_profile</filename> " "files, but rather reads, and executes, the <filename>.bashrc</filename> file " "instead. Create the <filename>.bashrc</filename> file now:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:40 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > ~/.bashrc << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>set +h\n" "umask 022\n" "LFS=/mnt/lfs\n" "LC_ALL=POSIX\n" "LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu\n" "PATH=/usr/bin\n" "if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi\n" "PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH\n" "export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:53 msgid "The meaning of the settings in <filename>.bashrc</filename>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:56 msgid "<parameter>set +h</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:58 msgid "" "The <command>set +h</command> command turns off <command>bash</command>'s " "hash function. Hashing is ordinarily a useful " "feature—<command>bash</command> uses a hash table to remember the full " "path of executable files to avoid searching the <envar>PATH</envar> time and " "again to find the same executable. However, the new tools should be used as " "soon as they are installed. By switching off the hash function, the shell " "will always search the <envar>PATH</envar> when a program is to be run. As " "such, the shell will find the newly compiled tools in <filename " "class=\"directory\">~/tools</filename> as soon as they are available without " "remembering a previous version of the same program in a different location." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:73 msgid "<parameter>umask 022</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:75 msgid "" "Setting the user file-creation mask (umask) to 022 ensures that newly " "created files and directories are only writable by their owner, but are " "readable and executable by anyone (assuming default modes are used by the " "<function>open(2)</function> system call, new files will end up with " "permission mode 644 and directories with mode 755)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:84 msgid "<parameter>LFS=/mnt/lfs</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:86 msgid "The <envar>LFS</envar> variable should be set to the chosen mount point." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:92 msgid "<parameter>LC_ALL=POSIX</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:94 msgid "" "The <envar>LC_ALL</envar> variable controls the localization of certain " "programs, making their messages follow the conventions of a specified " "country. Setting <envar>LC_ALL</envar> to <quote>POSIX</quote> or " "<quote>C</quote> (the two are equivalent) ensures that everything will work " "as expected in the chroot environment." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:103 msgid "<parameter>LFS_TGT=(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:105 msgid "" "The <envar>LFS_TGT</envar> variable sets a non-default, but compatible " "machine description for use when building our cross compiler and linker and " "when cross compiling our temporary toolchain. More information is contained " "in <xref linkend=\"ch-tools-toolchaintechnotes\" role=\"\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:113 msgid "<parameter>PATH=/usr/bin</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:115 msgid "" "Many modern linux distributions have merged <filename " "class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> and <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>. When this is the case, the standard " "<envar>PATH</envar> variable needs just to be set to <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/bin/</filename> for the <xref " "linkend=\"chapter-temporary-tools\"/> environment. When this is not the " "case, the following line adds <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> " "to the path." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:127 msgid "<parameter>if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:129 msgid "" "If <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> is not a symbolic link, " "then it has to be added to the <envar>PATH</envar> variable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:135 msgid "<parameter>PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:137 msgid "" "By putting <filename class=\"directory\">$LFS/tools/bin</filename> ahead of " "the standard <envar>PATH</envar>, the cross-compiler installed at the " "beginning of <xref linkend=\"chapter-cross-tools\"/> is picked up by the " "shell immediately after its installation. This, combined with turning off " "hashing, limits the risk that the compiler from the host be used instead of " "the cross-compiler." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:147 msgid "<parameter>export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:149 msgid "" "While the above commands have set some variables, in order to make them " "visible within any sub-shells, we export them." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:156 msgid "" "Finally, to have the environment fully prepared for building the temporary " "tools, source the just-created user profile:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:159 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>source ~/.bash_profile</userinput>" msgstr ""