msgid "Creating a New Partition" msgstr "创建新的分区" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Like most other operating systems, LFS is usually installed on a dedicated " "partition. The recommended approach to building an LFS system is to use an " "available empty partition or, if you have enough unpartitioned space, to " "create one." msgstr "" "像其他操作系统那样，LFS 一般也被安装在一个专用的分区。我们推荐您为 LFS 选择一" "个可用的空分区，或者在有充足未划分空间的情况下，创建一个新分区。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB). This is " "enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages. However, " "if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional " "software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A " "30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth. The LFS system " "itself will not take up this much room. A large portion of this requirement " "is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding " "additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling " "packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the " "package is installed." msgstr "" "一个最小的系统需要大小约 10 吉字节 (GB) 的分区。这足够保存所有源代码压缩包，" "并且编译所有软件包。然而，如果希望用 LFS 作为日常的 Linux 系统，很可能需要安" "装额外软件，需要更多空间。一个 30 GB 的分区是比较合理的。LFS 系统本身用不了太" "多空间，但大分区可以提供足够的临时存储空间，以及在 LFS 构建完成后增添附加功能" "需要的空间。另外，编译软件包可能需要大量磁盘空间，但在软件包安装完成后可以回" "收这些空间。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Because there is not always enough Random Access Memory (RAM) available for " "compilation processes, it is a good idea to use a small disk partition as " "<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> space. This is used by " "the kernel to store seldom-used data and leave more memory available for " "active processes. The <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> " "partition for an LFS system can be the same as the one used by the host " "system, in which case it is not necessary to create another one." msgstr "" "计算机未必有足够满足编译过程要求的内存 (RAM) 空间，因此可以使用一个小的磁盘分" "区作为 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> 空间。内核使用此分" "区存储很少使用的数据，从而为活动进程留出更多内存。LFS 的 <systemitem class=" "\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> 分区可以和宿主系统共用，这样就不用专门为 " "LFS 创建一个。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Start a disk partitioning program such as <command>cfdisk</command> or " "<command>fdisk</command> with a command line option naming the hard disk on " "which the new partition will be created—for example <filename class=" "\"devicefile\">/dev/sda</filename> for the primary disk drive. Create a " "Linux native partition and a <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</" "systemitem> partition, if needed. Please refer to <filename>cfdisk(8)</" "filename> or <filename>fdisk(8)</filename> if you do not yet know how to use " "the programs." msgstr "" "启动一个磁盘分区程序，例如 <command>cfdisk</command> 或者<command>fdisk</" "command>。在启动分区程序时需要一个命令行参数，表示希望创建新分区的硬盘，例如" "主硬盘 <filename class=\"devicefile\">/dev/sda</filename>。创建一个 Linux 原" "生分区，如果有必要的话再创建一个 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</" "systemitem> 分区。请参考 <filename>cfdisk(8)</filename> 或者 " "<filename>fdisk(8)</filename> 来学习如何使用分区程序。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> msgid "" "For experienced users, other partitioning schemes are possible. The new LFS " "system can be on a software <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/raid.html" "\">RAID</ulink> array or an <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/aboutlvm.html" "\">LVM</ulink> logical volume. However, some of these options require an " "<ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/initramfs.html\">initramfs</ulink>, which is " "an advanced topic. These partitioning methodologies are not recommended for " "first time LFS users." msgstr "" "有经验的用户可以尝试其他分区架构。LFS 系统可以被构建在软件 <ulink url=" "\"&blfs-book;postlfs/raid.html\">RAID</ulink> 阵列或 <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;" "postlfs/aboutlvm.html\">LVM</ulink> 逻辑卷上。然而，一些分区架构需要 <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/initramfs.html\">initramfs</ulink>，这是一个比较复杂" "的话题。对于初次构建 LFS 的用户来说，不推荐采用这些分区方法。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Remember the designation of the new partition (e.g., <filename class=" "\"devicefile\">sda5</filename>). This book will refer to this as the LFS " "partition. Also remember the designation of the <systemitem class=" "\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> partition. These names will be needed later " "for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file." msgstr "" "牢记新分区的代号 (例如 <filename class=\"devicefile\">sda5</filename> )。本书" "将这个分区称为 LFS 分区。还需要记住 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</" "systemitem> 分区的代号。之后在设置 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 文件时要用" "到这些代号。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Other Partition Issues" msgstr "其他分区问题" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS " "mailing lists. This is a highly subjective topic. The default for most " "distributions is to use the entire drive with the exception of one small " "swap partition. This is not optimal for LFS for several reasons. It " "reduces flexibility, makes sharing of data across multiple distributions or " "LFS builds more difficult, makes backups more time consuming, and can waste " "disk space through inefficient allocation of file system structures." msgstr "" "经常有人在 LFS 邮件列表询问如何进行系统分区。这是一个相当主观的问题。许多发行" "版在默认情况下会使用整个磁盘，只留下一个小的 swap 分区。对于 LFS 来说，这往往" "不是最好的方案。它削弱了系统的灵活性，使得我们难以在多个发行版或 LFS 系统之间" "共享数据，增加系统备份时间，同时导致文件系统结构的不合理分配，浪费磁盘空间。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "The Root Partition" msgstr "根分区" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "A root LFS partition (not to be confused with the <filename class=\"directory" "\">/root</filename> directory) of twenty gigabytes is a good compromise for " "most systems. It provides enough space to build LFS and most of BLFS, but " "is small enough so that multiple partitions can be easily created for " "experimentation." msgstr "" "一个 LFS 根分区 (不要与 <filename class=\"directory\">/root</filename> 目录混" "淆) 一般分配 20 GB 的空间就足以保证多数系统的运行。它提供了构建 LFS 以及 " "BLFS 的大部分软件包的充足空间，但又不太大，因此能够创建多个分区，多次尝试构" "建 LFS 系统。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "The Swap Partition" msgstr "交换 (Swap) 分区" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Most distributions automatically create a swap partition. Generally the " "recommended size of the swap partition is about twice the amount of physical " "RAM, however this is rarely needed. If disk space is limited, hold the swap " "partition to two gigabytes and monitor the amount of disk swapping." msgstr "" "许多发行版自动创建交换空间。一般来说，推荐采用两倍于物理内存的交换空间，然而" "这几乎没有必要。如果磁盘空间有限，可以创建不超过 2GB 的交换空间，并注意它的使" "用情况。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "If you want to use the hibernation feature (suspend-to-disk) of Linux, it " "writes out the contents of RAM to the swap partition before turning off the " "machine. In this case the size of the swap partition should be at least as " "large as the system's installed RAM." msgstr "" "如果您希望使用 Linux 的休眠功能 (挂起到磁盘)，它会在关机前将内存内容写入到交" "换分区。这种情况下，交换分区的大小应该至少和系统内存相同。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Swapping is never good. For mechanical hard drives you can generally tell if " "a system is swapping by just listening to disk activity and observing how " "the system reacts to commands. For an SSD drive you will not be able to " "hear swapping but you can tell how much swap space is being used by the " "<command>top</command> or <command>free</command> programs. Use of an SSD " "drive for a swap partition should be avoided if possible. The first " "reaction to swapping should be to check for an unreasonable command such as " "trying to edit a five gigabyte file. If swapping becomes a normal " "occurrence, the best solution is to purchase more RAM for your system." msgstr "" "交换到磁盘从来就不是一件好事。对于机械硬盘，通过听硬盘的工作噪声，同时观察系" "统的响应速度，就能说出系统是否在交换。对于 SSD，您无法听到工作噪声，但可以使" "用<command>top</command> 或 <command>free</command> 程序查看使用了多少交换空" "间。应该尽量避免使用 SSD 设备作为交换分区。一旦发生交换，首先检查是否输入了不" "合理的命令，例如试图编辑一个 5GB 的文件。如果交换时常发生，最好的办法是为你的" "系统添置内存。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "The Grub Bios Partition" msgstr "Grub Bios 分区" # "Critical" warning suppressed because in Chinese we have no we to put "EF02" earlier. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID " "Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be " "created if it does not already exist. This partition is not formatted, but " "must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot loader. " "This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using <command>fdisk</" "command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if using " "<command>gdisk</command>." msgstr "" "如果 <emphasis>启动磁盘</emphasis> 采用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)，那么必须创建一个小" "的，一般占据 1MB 的分区，除非它已经存在。这个分区不能格式化，在安装启动引导器" "时必须能够被 GRUB 发现。这个分区在 <command>fdisk</command> 下显示为 'BIOS " "Boot' 分区，在 <command>gdisk</command> 下显示分区类型代号为 <emphasis>EF02</" "emphasis>。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para> msgid "" "The Grub Bios partition must be on the drive that the BIOS uses to boot the " "system. This is not necessarily the same drive where the LFS root partition " "is located. Disks on a system may use different partition table types. The " "requirement for this partition depends only on the partition table type of " "the boot disk." msgstr "" "Grub Bios 分区必须位于 BIOS 引导系统使用的磁盘上。这个磁盘未必是 LFS 根分区所" "在的磁盘。不同磁盘可以使用不同分区表格式，只有引导盘采用 GPT 时才必须创建该分" "区。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "Convenience Partitions" msgstr "常用分区" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "There are several other partitions that are not required, but should be " "considered when designing a disk layout. The following list is not " "comprehensive, but is meant as a guide." msgstr "" "还有其他几个并非必须，但在设计磁盘布局时应当考虑的分区。下面的列表并不完整，" "但可以作为一个参考。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/boot – Highly recommended. Use this partition to store kernels and " "other booting information. To minimize potential boot problems with larger " "disks, make this the first physical partition on your first disk drive. A " "partition size of 200 megabytes is quite adequate." msgstr "" "boot – 高度推荐。这个分区可以存储内核和其他引导信息。为了减少大磁盘可能" "引起的问题，建议将 /boot 分区设为第一块磁盘的第一个分区。为它分配 200 MB 就绰" "绰有余。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/home – Highly recommended. Share your home directory and user " "customization across multiple distributions or LFS builds. The size is " "generally fairly large and depends on available disk space." msgstr "" "/home – 高度推荐。独立的 /home 分区可以在多个发行版或 LFS 系统之间共享 " "home 目录和用户设置。它的尺寸一般很大，取决于硬盘的可用空间。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/usr – A separate /usr partition is generally used if providing a " "server for a thin client or diskless workstation. It is normally not needed " "for LFS. A size of ten gigabytes will handle most installations." msgstr "" "/usr – 一个独立的 /usr 分区一般被用于瘦客户端或无盘站的服务器，LFS 一般" "不需要。为它划分 10GB 足够满足多数系统的要求。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/opt – This directory is most useful for BLFS where multiple " "installations of large packages like Gnome or KDE can be installed without " "embedding the files in the /usr hierarchy. If used, 5 to 10 gigabytes is " "generally adequate." msgstr "" "/opt – 这个目录往往被用于在 BLFS 中安装 Gnome 或 KDE 等大型软件，以免把" "大量文件塞进 /usr 目录树。如果将它划分为独立分区，5 到 10 GB 一般就足够了。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/tmp – A separate /tmp directory is rare, but useful if configuring a " "thin client. This partition, if used, will usually not need to exceed a " "couple of gigabytes." msgstr "" "/tmp – 一个独立的 /tmp 分区是很少见的，但在配置瘦客户端时很有用。如果分" "配了这个分区，大小一般不会超过几个 GB。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/usr/src – This partition is very useful for providing a location to " "store BLFS source files and share them across LFS builds. It can also be " "used as a location for building BLFS packages. A reasonably large partition " "of 30-50 gigabytes allows plenty of room." msgstr "" "/usr/src – 将它划分为独立分区，可以用于存储 BLFS 源代码，并在多个 LFS " "系统之间共享它们。它也可以用于编译 BLFS 软件包。30-50 GB 的分区可以提供足够的" "空间。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted upon boot needs " "to be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Details about how " "to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref linkend=\"ch-bootable-fstab" "\"/>." msgstr "" "如果您希望在启动时自动挂载任何一个独立的分区，就要在 <filename>/etc/fstab</" "filename> 文件中说明。有关指定分区的细节将在 <xref linkend=\"ch-bootable-" "fstab\"/> 中讨论。"

msgid "" msgstr "" "X-Pootle-Revision: 9999999\n" "X-Pootle-Path: /zh_CN/lfs/chapter02/creatingpartition.po\n" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-08 19:28+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "Creating a New Partition" msgstr "创建新的分区" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Like most other operating systems, LFS is usually installed on a dedicated " "partition. The recommended approach to building an LFS system is to use an " "available empty partition or, if you have enough unpartitioned space, to " "create one." msgstr "" "像其他操作系统那样，LFS 一般也被安装在一个专用的分区。我们推荐您为 LFS 选择一" "个可用的空分区，或者在有充足未划分空间的情况下，创建一个新分区。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB). This is " "enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages. However, " "if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional " "software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A " "30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth. The LFS system " "itself will not take up this much room. A large portion of this requirement " "is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding " "additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling " "packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the " "package is installed." msgstr "" "一个最小的系统需要大小约 10 吉字节 (GB) 的分区。这足够保存所有源代码压缩包，" "并且编译所有软件包。然而，如果希望用 LFS 作为日常的 Linux 系统，很可能需要安" "装额外软件，需要更多空间。一个 30 GB 的分区是比较合理的。LFS 系统本身用不了太" "多空间，但大分区可以提供足够的临时存储空间，以及在 LFS 构建完成后增添附加功能" "需要的空间。另外，编译软件包可能需要大量磁盘空间，但在软件包安装完成后可以回" "收这些空间。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Because there is not always enough Random Access Memory (RAM) available for " "compilation processes, it is a good idea to use a small disk partition as " "<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> space. This is used by " "the kernel to store seldom-used data and leave more memory available for " "active processes. The <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> " "partition for an LFS system can be the same as the one used by the host " "system, in which case it is not necessary to create another one." msgstr "" "计算机未必有足够满足编译过程要求的内存 (RAM) 空间，因此可以使用一个小的磁盘分" "区作为 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> 空间。内核使用此分" "区存储很少使用的数据，从而为活动进程留出更多内存。LFS 的 <systemitem class=" "\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> 分区可以和宿主系统共用，这样就不用专门为 " "LFS 创建一个。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Start a disk partitioning program such as <command>cfdisk</command> or " "<command>fdisk</command> with a command line option naming the hard disk on " "which the new partition will be created—for example <filename class=" "\"devicefile\">/dev/sda</filename> for the primary disk drive. Create a " "Linux native partition and a <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</" "systemitem> partition, if needed. Please refer to <filename>cfdisk(8)</" "filename> or <filename>fdisk(8)</filename> if you do not yet know how to use " "the programs." msgstr "" "启动一个磁盘分区程序，例如 <command>cfdisk</command> 或者<command>fdisk</" "command>。在启动分区程序时需要一个命令行参数，表示希望创建新分区的硬盘，例如" "主硬盘 <filename class=\"devicefile\">/dev/sda</filename>。创建一个 Linux 原" "生分区，如果有必要的话再创建一个 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</" "systemitem> 分区。请参考 <filename>cfdisk(8)</filename> 或者 " "<filename>fdisk(8)</filename> 来学习如何使用分区程序。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> msgid "" "For experienced users, other partitioning schemes are possible. The new LFS " "system can be on a software <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/raid.html" "\">RAID</ulink> array or an <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/aboutlvm.html" "\">LVM</ulink> logical volume. However, some of these options require an " "<ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/initramfs.html\">initramfs</ulink>, which is " "an advanced topic. These partitioning methodologies are not recommended for " "first time LFS users." msgstr "" "有经验的用户可以尝试其他分区架构。LFS 系统可以被构建在软件 <ulink url=" "\"&blfs-book;postlfs/raid.html\">RAID</ulink> 阵列或 <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;" "postlfs/aboutlvm.html\">LVM</ulink> 逻辑卷上。然而，一些分区架构需要 <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/initramfs.html\">initramfs</ulink>，这是一个比较复杂" "的话题。对于初次构建 LFS 的用户来说，不推荐采用这些分区方法。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Remember the designation of the new partition (e.g., <filename class=" "\"devicefile\">sda5</filename>). This book will refer to this as the LFS " "partition. Also remember the designation of the <systemitem class=" "\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> partition. These names will be needed later " "for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file." msgstr "" "牢记新分区的代号 (例如 <filename class=\"devicefile\">sda5</filename> )。本书" "将这个分区称为 LFS 分区。还需要记住 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</" "systemitem> 分区的代号。之后在设置 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 文件时要用" "到这些代号。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Other Partition Issues" msgstr "其他分区问题" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS " "mailing lists. This is a highly subjective topic. The default for most " "distributions is to use the entire drive with the exception of one small " "swap partition. This is not optimal for LFS for several reasons. It " "reduces flexibility, makes sharing of data across multiple distributions or " "LFS builds more difficult, makes backups more time consuming, and can waste " "disk space through inefficient allocation of file system structures." msgstr "" "经常有人在 LFS 邮件列表询问如何进行系统分区。这是一个相当主观的问题。许多发行" "版在默认情况下会使用整个磁盘，只留下一个小的 swap 分区。对于 LFS 来说，这往往" "不是最好的方案。它削弱了系统的灵活性，使得我们难以在多个发行版或 LFS 系统之间" "共享数据，增加系统备份时间，同时导致文件系统结构的不合理分配，浪费磁盘空间。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "The Root Partition" msgstr "根分区" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "A root LFS partition (not to be confused with the <filename class=\"directory" "\">/root</filename> directory) of twenty gigabytes is a good compromise for " "most systems. It provides enough space to build LFS and most of BLFS, but " "is small enough so that multiple partitions can be easily created for " "experimentation." msgstr "" "一个 LFS 根分区 (不要与 <filename class=\"directory\">/root</filename> 目录混" "淆) 一般分配 20 GB 的空间就足以保证多数系统的运行。它提供了构建 LFS 以及 " "BLFS 的大部分软件包的充足空间，但又不太大，因此能够创建多个分区，多次尝试构" "建 LFS 系统。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "The Swap Partition" msgstr "交换 (Swap) 分区" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Most distributions automatically create a swap partition. Generally the " "recommended size of the swap partition is about twice the amount of physical " "RAM, however this is rarely needed. If disk space is limited, hold the swap " "partition to two gigabytes and monitor the amount of disk swapping." msgstr "" "许多发行版自动创建交换空间。一般来说，推荐采用两倍于物理内存的交换空间，然而" "这几乎没有必要。如果磁盘空间有限，可以创建不超过 2GB 的交换空间，并注意它的使" "用情况。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "If you want to use the hibernation feature (suspend-to-disk) of Linux, it " "writes out the contents of RAM to the swap partition before turning off the " "machine. In this case the size of the swap partition should be at least as " "large as the system's installed RAM." msgstr "" "如果您希望使用 Linux 的休眠功能 (挂起到磁盘)，它会在关机前将内存内容写入到交" "换分区。这种情况下，交换分区的大小应该至少和系统内存相同。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Swapping is never good. For mechanical hard drives you can generally tell if " "a system is swapping by just listening to disk activity and observing how " "the system reacts to commands. For an SSD drive you will not be able to " "hear swapping but you can tell how much swap space is being used by the " "<command>top</command> or <command>free</command> programs. Use of an SSD " "drive for a swap partition should be avoided if possible. The first " "reaction to swapping should be to check for an unreasonable command such as " "trying to edit a five gigabyte file. If swapping becomes a normal " "occurrence, the best solution is to purchase more RAM for your system." msgstr "" "交换到磁盘从来就不是一件好事。对于机械硬盘，通过听硬盘的工作噪声，同时观察系" "统的响应速度，就能说出系统是否在交换。对于 SSD，您无法听到工作噪声，但可以使" "用<command>top</command> 或 <command>free</command> 程序查看使用了多少交换空" "间。应该尽量避免使用 SSD 设备作为交换分区。一旦发生交换，首先检查是否输入了不" "合理的命令，例如试图编辑一个 5GB 的文件。如果交换时常发生，最好的办法是为你的" "系统添置内存。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "The Grub Bios Partition" msgstr "Grub Bios 分区" # "Critical" warning suppressed because in Chinese we have no we to put "EF02" earlier. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID " "Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be " "created if it does not already exist. This partition is not formatted, but " "must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot loader. " "This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using <command>fdisk</" "command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if using " "<command>gdisk</command>." msgstr "" "如果 <emphasis>启动磁盘</emphasis> 采用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)，那么必须创建一个小" "的，一般占据 1MB 的分区，除非它已经存在。这个分区不能格式化，在安装启动引导器" "时必须能够被 GRUB 发现。这个分区在 <command>fdisk</command> 下显示为 'BIOS " "Boot' 分区，在 <command>gdisk</command> 下显示分区类型代号为 <emphasis>EF02</" "emphasis>。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para> msgid "" "The Grub Bios partition must be on the drive that the BIOS uses to boot the " "system. This is not necessarily the same drive where the LFS root partition " "is located. Disks on a system may use different partition table types. The " "requirement for this partition depends only on the partition table type of " "the boot disk." msgstr "" "Grub Bios 分区必须位于 BIOS 引导系统使用的磁盘上。这个磁盘未必是 LFS 根分区所" "在的磁盘。不同磁盘可以使用不同分区表格式，只有引导盘采用 GPT 时才必须创建该分" "区。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "Convenience Partitions" msgstr "常用分区" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "There are several other partitions that are not required, but should be " "considered when designing a disk layout. The following list is not " "comprehensive, but is meant as a guide." msgstr "" "还有其他几个并非必须，但在设计磁盘布局时应当考虑的分区。下面的列表并不完整，" "但可以作为一个参考。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/boot – Highly recommended. Use this partition to store kernels and " "other booting information. To minimize potential boot problems with larger " "disks, make this the first physical partition on your first disk drive. A " "partition size of 200 megabytes is quite adequate." msgstr "" "boot – 高度推荐。这个分区可以存储内核和其他引导信息。为了减少大磁盘可能" "引起的问题，建议将 /boot 分区设为第一块磁盘的第一个分区。为它分配 200 MB 就绰" "绰有余。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/home – Highly recommended. Share your home directory and user " "customization across multiple distributions or LFS builds. The size is " "generally fairly large and depends on available disk space." msgstr "" "/home – 高度推荐。独立的 /home 分区可以在多个发行版或 LFS 系统之间共享 " "home 目录和用户设置。它的尺寸一般很大，取决于硬盘的可用空间。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/usr – A separate /usr partition is generally used if providing a " "server for a thin client or diskless workstation. It is normally not needed " "for LFS. A size of ten gigabytes will handle most installations." msgstr "" "/usr – 一个独立的 /usr 分区一般被用于瘦客户端或无盘站的服务器，LFS 一般" "不需要。为它划分 10GB 足够满足多数系统的要求。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/opt – This directory is most useful for BLFS where multiple " "installations of large packages like Gnome or KDE can be installed without " "embedding the files in the /usr hierarchy. If used, 5 to 10 gigabytes is " "generally adequate." msgstr "" "/opt – 这个目录往往被用于在 BLFS 中安装 Gnome 或 KDE 等大型软件，以免把" "大量文件塞进 /usr 目录树。如果将它划分为独立分区，5 到 10 GB 一般就足够了。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/tmp – A separate /tmp directory is rare, but useful if configuring a " "thin client. This partition, if used, will usually not need to exceed a " "couple of gigabytes." msgstr "" "/tmp – 一个独立的 /tmp 分区是很少见的，但在配置瘦客户端时很有用。如果分" "配了这个分区，大小一般不会超过几个 GB。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "/usr/src – This partition is very useful for providing a location to " "store BLFS source files and share them across LFS builds. It can also be " "used as a location for building BLFS packages. A reasonably large partition " "of 30-50 gigabytes allows plenty of room." msgstr "" "/usr/src – 将它划分为独立分区，可以用于存储 BLFS 源代码，并在多个 LFS " "系统之间共享它们。它也可以用于编译 BLFS 软件包。30-50 GB 的分区可以提供足够的" "空间。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted upon boot needs " "to be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Details about how " "to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref linkend=\"ch-bootable-fstab" "\"/>." msgstr "" "如果您希望在启动时自动挂载任何一个独立的分区，就要在 <filename>/etc/fstab</" "filename> 文件中说明。有关指定分区的细节将在 <xref linkend=\"ch-bootable-" "fstab\"/> 中讨论。"