#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:17 msgid "Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:20 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:22 msgid "" "Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system inoperable without an " "alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM or bootable USB drive. This section " "is not required to boot your LFS system. You may just want to modify your " "current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or LILO." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:28 msgid "" "Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the " "computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not " "already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure " "below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install " "<userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html\"> libisoburn</ulink> package." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:36 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cd /tmp \n" "grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso \n" "xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed " "grub-img.iso</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:42 msgid "" "To boot LFS on host systems that have UEFI enabled, the kernel needs to have " "been built with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB capabality described in the previous " "section. However, LFS can be booted using GRUB2 without such an " "addition. To do this, the UEFI Mode and Secure Boot capabilities in the host " "system's BIOS need to be turned off. For details, see <ulink " "url=\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt\"> the lfs-uefi.txt hint</ulink> at " "&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:56 msgid "GRUB Naming Conventions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:58 msgid "" "GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in the form of " "<emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis> is the hard drive " "number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition number. The hard drive " "number starts from zero, but the partition number starts from one for normal " "partitions and five for extended partitions. Note that this is different " "from earlier versions where both numbers started from zero. For example, " "partition <filename class=\"partition\">sda1</filename> is " "<emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to GRUB and <filename " "class=\"partition\">sdb3</filename> is <emphasis>(hd1,3)</emphasis>. In " "contrast to Linux, GRUB does not consider CD-ROM drives to be hard " "drives. For example, if using a CD on <filename " "class=\"partition\">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive on <filename " "class=\"partition\">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive would still be " "<emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:76 msgid "Setting Up the Configuration" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:78 msgid "" "GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the hard disk. " "This area is not part of any file system. The programs there access GRUB " "modules in the boot partition. The default location is /boot/grub/." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:83 msgid "" "The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that affects the " "configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate small (suggested " "size is 200 MB) partition just for boot information. That way each build, " "whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot files and " "access can be made from any booted system. If you choose to do this, you " "will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the current " "<filename class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the linux " "kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition. You " "will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename " "class=\"directory\">/boot</filename>. If you do this, be sure to update " "<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:95 msgid "" "Using the current lfs partition will also work, but configuration for " "multiple systems is more difficult." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:98 msgid "" "Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator for the " "root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is used). For the " "following example, it is assumed that the root (or separate boot) partition " "is <filename class=\"partition\">sda2</filename>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:104 msgid "" "Install the GRUB files into <filename " "class=\"directory\">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:108 msgid "" "The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not run the " "command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party boot " "manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:113 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grub-install /dev/sda</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:116 msgid "" "If the system has been booted using UEFI, <command>grub-install</command> " "will try to install files for the <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, " "but those files have not been installed in chapter 6. If this is the case, " "add <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:137 msgid "Creating the GRUB Configuration File" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:139 msgid "Generate <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename>:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:141 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n" "set default=0\n" "set timeout=5\n" "\n" "insmod ext2\n" "set root=(hd0,2)\n" "\n" "menuentry \"GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;\" {\n" " linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 " "ro\n" "}</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:154 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n" "set default=0\n" "set timeout=5\n" "\n" "insmod ext2\n" "set root=(hd0,2)\n" "\n" "menuentry \"GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;\" {\n" " linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond; root=/dev/sda2 " "ro\n" "}</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:168 msgid "" "From <application>GRUB</application>'s perspective, the kernel files are " "relative to the partition used. If you used a separate /boot partition, " "remove /boot from the above <emphasis>linux</emphasis> line. You will also " "need to change the <emphasis>set root</emphasis> line to point to the boot " "partition." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:175 msgid "" "GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous number of " "options for booting from a wide variety of devices, operating systems, and " "partition types. There are also many options for customization such as " "graphical splash screens, playing sounds, mouse input, etc. The details of " "these options are beyond the scope of this introduction." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:181 msgid "" "There is a command, <application>grub-mkconfig</application>, that can write " "a configuration file automatically. It uses a set of scripts in " "/etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make. These " "scripts are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not " "recommended for LFS. If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there " "is a good chance that this program will be run. Be sure to back up your " "grub.cfg file." msgstr ""

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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:14 #, no-wrap msgid "&grub-url;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:12 msgid "" "grub " "&grub-version; " msgstr "" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:17 msgid "Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:20 msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:22 msgid "" "Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system inoperable without an " "alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM or bootable USB drive. This section " "is not required to boot your LFS system. You may just want to modify your " "current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or LILO." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:28 msgid "" "Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the " "computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not " "already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure " "below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install " "<userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html\"> libisoburn</ulink> package." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:36 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cd /tmp \n" "grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso \n" "xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed " "grub-img.iso</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:42 msgid "" "To boot LFS on host systems that have UEFI enabled, the kernel needs to have " "been built with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB capabality described in the previous " "section. However, LFS can be booted using GRUB2 without such an " "addition. To do this, the UEFI Mode and Secure Boot capabilities in the host " "system's BIOS need to be turned off. For details, see <ulink " "url=\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt\"> the lfs-uefi.txt hint</ulink> at " "&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:56 msgid "GRUB Naming Conventions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:58 msgid "" "GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in the form of " "<emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis> is the hard drive " "number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition number. The hard drive " "number starts from zero, but the partition number starts from one for normal " "partitions and five for extended partitions. Note that this is different " "from earlier versions where both numbers started from zero. For example, " "partition <filename class=\"partition\">sda1</filename> is " "<emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to GRUB and <filename " "class=\"partition\">sdb3</filename> is <emphasis>(hd1,3)</emphasis>. In " "contrast to Linux, GRUB does not consider CD-ROM drives to be hard " "drives. For example, if using a CD on <filename " "class=\"partition\">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive on <filename " "class=\"partition\">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive would still be " "<emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:76 msgid "Setting Up the Configuration" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:78 msgid "" "GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the hard disk. " "This area is not part of any file system. The programs there access GRUB " "modules in the boot partition. The default location is /boot/grub/." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:83 msgid "" "The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that affects the " "configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate small (suggested " "size is 200 MB) partition just for boot information. That way each build, " "whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot files and " "access can be made from any booted system. If you choose to do this, you " "will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the current " "<filename class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the linux " "kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition. You " "will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename " "class=\"directory\">/boot</filename>. If you do this, be sure to update " "<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:95 msgid "" "Using the current lfs partition will also work, but configuration for " "multiple systems is more difficult." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:98 msgid "" "Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator for the " "root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is used). For the " "following example, it is assumed that the root (or separate boot) partition " "is <filename class=\"partition\">sda2</filename>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:104 msgid "" "Install the GRUB files into <filename " "class=\"directory\">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:108 msgid "" "The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not run the " "command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party boot " "manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:113 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grub-install /dev/sda</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:116 msgid "" "If the system has been booted using UEFI, <command>grub-install</command> " "will try to install files for the <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, " "but those files have not been installed in chapter 6. If this is the case, " "add <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:137 msgid "Creating the GRUB Configuration File" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:139 msgid "Generate <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename>:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:141 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n" "set default=0\n" "set timeout=5\n" "\n" "insmod ext2\n" "set root=(hd0,2)\n" "\n" "menuentry \"GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;\" {\n" " linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 " "ro\n" "}</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:154 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg\n" "set default=0\n" "set timeout=5\n" "\n" "insmod ext2\n" "set root=(hd0,2)\n" "\n" "menuentry \"GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;\" {\n" " linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond; root=/dev/sda2 " "ro\n" "}</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:168 msgid "" "From <application>GRUB</application>'s perspective, the kernel files are " "relative to the partition used. If you used a separate /boot partition, " "remove /boot from the above <emphasis>linux</emphasis> line. You will also " "need to change the <emphasis>set root</emphasis> line to point to the boot " "partition." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:175 msgid "" "GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous number of " "options for booting from a wide variety of devices, operating systems, and " "partition types. There are also many options for customization such as " "graphical splash screens, playing sounds, mouse input, etc. The details of " "these options are beyond the scope of this introduction." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter10/grub.xml:181 msgid "" "There is a command, <application>grub-mkconfig</application>, that can write " "a configuration file automatically. It uses a set of scripts in " "/etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make. These " "scripts are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not " "recommended for LFS. If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there " "is a good chance that this program will be run. Be sure to back up your " "grub.cfg file." msgstr ""