#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:17 msgid "Shadow-&shadow-version;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:20 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:139 msgid "Shadow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:26 msgid "The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:30 msgid "&buildtime;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:31 msgid "&diskspace;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:34 msgid "&shadow-fin-sbu;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:35 msgid "&shadow-fin-du;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:42 msgid "Installation of Shadow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:45 msgid "" "If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html\"/> for installing CrackLib prior to " "building Shadow. Then add <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the " "<command>configure</command> command below." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:52 msgid "" "Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program and its " "man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also, prevent the " "installation of manual pages that were already installed in <xref " "linkend=\"ch-system-man-pages\"/>:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:57 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in\n" "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\\.1 / /' {} \\;\n" "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\\.3 / /' {} \\;\n" "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\\.5 / /' {} " "\\;</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:62 msgid "" "Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more " "secure <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> method of password encryption, which " "also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to " "change the obsolete <filename class=\"directory\">/var/spool/mail</filename> " "location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/var/mail</filename> location used currently:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:70 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD " "SHA512:' \\\n" " -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \\\n" " -i etc/login.defs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:75 msgid "If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:77 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>sed -i 's:DICTPATH.*:DICTPATH\\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict:' " "etc/login.defs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:80 msgid "" "Make a minor change to make the first group number generated by useradd " "1000:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:83 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:85 msgid "Prepare Shadow for compilation:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:87 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput remap=\"configure\">touch /usr/bin/passwd\n" "./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \\\n" " --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:92 msgid "The meaning of the configure option:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:95 msgid "<command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:97 msgid "" "The file <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> needs to exist because its " "location is harcoded in some programs, and the default location if it does " "not exist is not right." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:103 msgid "<parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:105 msgid "" "The maximum user name is 32 characters. Make the maximum group name the " "same." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:112 msgid "Compile the package:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:114 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:116 msgid "This package does not come with a test suite." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:118 msgid "Install the package:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:120 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">make install</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:136 msgid "Configuring Shadow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:140 msgid "configuring" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:143 msgid "" "This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and groups; " "set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative tasks. For " "a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> means, " "see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source " "tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need to " "verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.) must " "be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with shadowed " "passwords." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:152 msgid "To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:154 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>pwconv</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:156 msgid "To enable shadowed group passwords, run:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:158 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grpconv</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:160 msgid "" "Shadow's stock configuration for the <command>useradd</command> utility has " "a few caveats that need some explanation. First, the default action for the " "<command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and a group of the " "same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) " "numbers will begin with 1000. This means if you don't pass parameters to " "<command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a unique group on " "the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need to pass the " "<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter to <command>useradd</command>. The " "default parameters are stored in the " "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file. You may need to modify two " "parameters in this file to suit your particular needs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:173 msgid "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> Parameter Explanations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:176 msgid "<parameter>GROUP=1000</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:178 msgid "" "This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the " "/etc/group file. You can modify it to anything you desire. Note that " "<command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number " "identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number " "after this. Note also that if you don't have a group 1000 on your system the " "first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the " "<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, you'll get a message displayed on the " "terminal that says: <computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID " "1000</computeroutput>. You may disregard this message and group number 1000 " "will be used." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:191 msgid "<parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:193 msgid "" "This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a mailbox file " "for the newly created user. <command>useradd</command> will make the group " "ownership of this file to the <systemitem " "class=\"groupname\">mail</systemitem> group with 0660 permissions. If you " "would prefer that these mailbox files are not created by " "<command>useradd</command>, issue the following command:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:201 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:211 msgid "Setting the root password" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:213 msgid "Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it by running:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:216 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>passwd root</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:221 msgid "Contents of Shadow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:224 msgid "Installed programs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:225 msgid "Installed directory" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:228 msgid "" "chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, " "groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, " "logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp, newuidmap, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, " "pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), su, useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr " "(link to vipw), and vipw" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:233 msgid "/etc/default" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:238 msgid "Short Descriptions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:239 msgid "<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:243 msgid "<command>chage</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:245 msgid "" "Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory password " "changes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:248 msgid "chage" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:254 msgid "<command>chfn</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:256 msgid "Used to change a user's full name and other information" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:258 msgid "chfn" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:264 msgid "<command>chgpasswd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:266 msgid "Used to update group passwords in batch mode" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:268 msgid "chgpasswd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:274 msgid "<command>chpasswd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:276 msgid "Used to update user passwords in batch mode" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:278 msgid "chpasswd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:284 msgid "<command>chsh</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:286 msgid "Used to change a user's default login shell" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:288 msgid "chsh" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:294 msgid "<command>expiry</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:296 msgid "Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:298 msgid "expiry" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:304 msgid "<command>faillog</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:306 msgid "" "Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum number of " "failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the failure count" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:310 msgid "faillog" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:316 msgid "<command>gpasswd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:318 msgid "Is used to add and delete members and administrators to groups" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:321 msgid "gpasswd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:327 msgid "<command>groupadd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:329 msgid "Creates a group with the given name" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:331 msgid "groupadd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:337 msgid "<command>groupdel</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:339 msgid "Deletes the group with the given name" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:341 msgid "groupdel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:347 msgid "<command>groupmems</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:349 msgid "" "Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list without the " "requirement of super user privileges." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:352 msgid "groupmems" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:358 msgid "<command>groupmod</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:360 msgid "Is used to modify the given group's name or GID" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:362 msgid "groupmod" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:368 msgid "<command>grpck</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:370 msgid "" "Verifies the integrity of the group files <filename>/etc/group</filename> " "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:374 msgid "grpck" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:380 msgid "<command>grpconv</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:382 msgid "Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal group file" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:385 msgid "grpconv" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:391 msgid "<command>grpunconv</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:393 msgid "" "Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from " "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:396 msgid "grpunconv" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:402 msgid "<command>lastlog</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:404 msgid "Reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:407 msgid "lastlog" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:413 msgid "<command>login</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:415 msgid "Is used by the system to let users sign on" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:417 msgid "login" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:423 msgid "<command>logoutd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:425 msgid "Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time and ports" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:428 msgid "logoutd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:434 msgid "<command>newgidmap</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:436 msgid "Is used to set the gid mapping of a user namespace" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:438 msgid "newgidmap" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:444 msgid "<command>newgrp</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:446 msgid "Is used to change the current GID during a login session" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:448 msgid "newgrp" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:454 msgid "<command>newuidmap</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:456 msgid "Is used to set the uid mapping of a user namespace" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:458 msgid "newuidmap" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:464 msgid "<command>newusers</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:466 msgid "Is used to create or update an entire series of user accounts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:469 msgid "newusers" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:475 msgid "<command>nologin</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:477 msgid "" "Displays a message that an account is not available; it is designed to be " "used as the default shell for accounts that have been disabled" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:481 msgid "nologin" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:487 msgid "<command>passwd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:489 msgid "Is used to change the password for a user or group account" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:491 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:497 msgid "<command>pwck</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:499 msgid "" "Verifies the integrity of the password files " "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:503 msgid "pwck" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:509 msgid "<command>pwconv</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:511 msgid "Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal password file" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:514 msgid "pwconv" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:520 msgid "<command>pwunconv</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:522 msgid "" "Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from " "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:525 msgid "pwunconv" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:531 msgid "<command>sg</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:533 msgid "" "Executes a given command while the user's GID is set to that of the given " "group" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:536 msgid "sg" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:542 msgid "<command>su</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:544 msgid "Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:546 msgid "su" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:552 msgid "<command>useradd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:554 msgid "" "Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default new-user " "information" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:557 msgid "useradd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:563 msgid "<command>userdel</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:565 msgid "Deletes the given user account" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:567 msgid "userdel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:573 msgid "<command>usermod</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:575 msgid "" "Is used to modify the given user's login name, User Identification (UID), " "shell, initial group, home directory, etc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:578 msgid "usermod" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:584 msgid "<command>vigr</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:586 msgid "" "Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or " "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:589 msgid "vigr" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:595 msgid "<command>vipw</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:597 msgid "" "Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or " "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:600 msgid "vipw" msgstr ""

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of:

#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:14 #, no-wrap msgid "&shadow-url;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:12 msgid "" "shadow " "&shadow-version; " msgstr "" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:17 msgid "Shadow-&shadow-version;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:20 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:139 msgid "Shadow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:26 msgid "The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure way." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:30 msgid "&buildtime;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:31 msgid "&diskspace;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:34 msgid "&shadow-fin-sbu;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:35 msgid "&shadow-fin-du;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:42 msgid "Installation of Shadow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:45 msgid "" "If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html\"/> for installing CrackLib prior to " "building Shadow. Then add <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the " "<command>configure</command> command below." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:52 msgid "" "Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program and its " "man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also, prevent the " "installation of manual pages that were already installed in <xref " "linkend=\"ch-system-man-pages\"/>:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:57 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in\n" "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\\.1 / /' {} \\;\n" "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\\.3 / /' {} \\;\n" "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\\.5 / /' {} " "\\;</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:62 msgid "" "Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more " "secure <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> method of password encryption, which " "also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to " "change the obsolete <filename class=\"directory\">/var/spool/mail</filename> " "location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/var/mail</filename> location used currently:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:70 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD " "SHA512:' \\\n" " -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \\\n" " -i etc/login.defs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:75 msgid "If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:77 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>sed -i 's:DICTPATH.*:DICTPATH\\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict:' " "etc/login.defs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:80 msgid "" "Make a minor change to make the first group number generated by useradd " "1000:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:83 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:85 msgid "Prepare Shadow for compilation:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:87 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput remap=\"configure\">touch /usr/bin/passwd\n" "./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \\\n" " --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:92 msgid "The meaning of the configure option:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:95 msgid "<command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:97 msgid "" "The file <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> needs to exist because its " "location is harcoded in some programs, and the default location if it does " "not exist is not right." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:103 msgid "<parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:105 msgid "" "The maximum user name is 32 characters. Make the maximum group name the " "same." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:112 msgid "Compile the package:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:114 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:116 msgid "This package does not come with a test suite." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:118 msgid "Install the package:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:120 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">make install</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:136 msgid "Configuring Shadow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:140 msgid "configuring" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:143 msgid "" "This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and groups; " "set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative tasks. For " "a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> means, " "see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source " "tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need to " "verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.) must " "be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with shadowed " "passwords." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:152 msgid "To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:154 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>pwconv</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:156 msgid "To enable shadowed group passwords, run:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:158 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grpconv</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:160 msgid "" "Shadow's stock configuration for the <command>useradd</command> utility has " "a few caveats that need some explanation. First, the default action for the " "<command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and a group of the " "same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) " "numbers will begin with 1000. This means if you don't pass parameters to " "<command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a unique group on " "the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need to pass the " "<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter to <command>useradd</command>. The " "default parameters are stored in the " "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file. You may need to modify two " "parameters in this file to suit your particular needs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:173 msgid "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> Parameter Explanations" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:176 msgid "<parameter>GROUP=1000</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:178 msgid "" "This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the " "/etc/group file. You can modify it to anything you desire. Note that " "<command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number " "identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number " "after this. Note also that if you don't have a group 1000 on your system the " "first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the " "<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, you'll get a message displayed on the " "terminal that says: <computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID " "1000</computeroutput>. You may disregard this message and group number 1000 " "will be used." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:191 msgid "<parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:193 msgid "" "This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a mailbox file " "for the newly created user. <command>useradd</command> will make the group " "ownership of this file to the <systemitem " "class=\"groupname\">mail</systemitem> group with 0660 permissions. If you " "would prefer that these mailbox files are not created by " "<command>useradd</command>, issue the following command:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:201 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:211 msgid "Setting the root password" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:213 msgid "Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it by running:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:216 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>passwd root</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:221 msgid "Contents of Shadow" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:224 msgid "Installed programs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:225 msgid "Installed directory" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:228 msgid "" "chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, " "groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, " "logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp, newuidmap, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, " "pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), su, useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr " "(link to vipw), and vipw" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:233 msgid "/etc/default" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:238 msgid "Short Descriptions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:239 msgid "<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:243 msgid "<command>chage</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:245 msgid "" "Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory password " "changes" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:248 msgid "chage" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:254 msgid "<command>chfn</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:256 msgid "Used to change a user's full name and other information" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:258 msgid "chfn" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:264 msgid "<command>chgpasswd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:266 msgid "Used to update group passwords in batch mode" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:268 msgid "chgpasswd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:274 msgid "<command>chpasswd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:276 msgid "Used to update user passwords in batch mode" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:278 msgid "chpasswd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:284 msgid "<command>chsh</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:286 msgid "Used to change a user's default login shell" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:288 msgid "chsh" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:294 msgid "<command>expiry</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:296 msgid "Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:298 msgid "expiry" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:304 msgid "<command>faillog</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:306 msgid "" "Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum number of " "failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the failure count" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:310 msgid "faillog" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:316 msgid "<command>gpasswd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:318 msgid "Is used to add and delete members and administrators to groups" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:321 msgid "gpasswd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:327 msgid "<command>groupadd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:329 msgid "Creates a group with the given name" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:331 msgid "groupadd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:337 msgid "<command>groupdel</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:339 msgid "Deletes the group with the given name" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:341 msgid "groupdel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:347 msgid "<command>groupmems</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:349 msgid "" "Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list without the " "requirement of super user privileges." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:352 msgid "groupmems" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:358 msgid "<command>groupmod</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:360 msgid "Is used to modify the given group's name or GID" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:362 msgid "groupmod" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:368 msgid "<command>grpck</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:370 msgid "" "Verifies the integrity of the group files <filename>/etc/group</filename> " "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:374 msgid "grpck" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:380 msgid "<command>grpconv</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:382 msgid "Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal group file" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:385 msgid "grpconv" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:391 msgid "<command>grpunconv</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:393 msgid "" "Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from " "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:396 msgid "grpunconv" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:402 msgid "<command>lastlog</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:404 msgid "Reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:407 msgid "lastlog" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:413 msgid "<command>login</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:415 msgid "Is used by the system to let users sign on" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:417 msgid "login" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:423 msgid "<command>logoutd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:425 msgid "Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time and ports" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:428 msgid "logoutd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:434 msgid "<command>newgidmap</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:436 msgid "Is used to set the gid mapping of a user namespace" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:438 msgid "newgidmap" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:444 msgid "<command>newgrp</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:446 msgid "Is used to change the current GID during a login session" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:448 msgid "newgrp" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:454 msgid "<command>newuidmap</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:456 msgid "Is used to set the uid mapping of a user namespace" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:458 msgid "newuidmap" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:464 msgid "<command>newusers</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:466 msgid "Is used to create or update an entire series of user accounts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:469 msgid "newusers" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:475 msgid "<command>nologin</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:477 msgid "" "Displays a message that an account is not available; it is designed to be " "used as the default shell for accounts that have been disabled" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:481 msgid "nologin" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:487 msgid "<command>passwd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:489 msgid "Is used to change the password for a user or group account" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:491 msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:497 msgid "<command>pwck</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:499 msgid "" "Verifies the integrity of the password files " "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:503 msgid "pwck" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:509 msgid "<command>pwconv</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:511 msgid "Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal password file" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:514 msgid "pwconv" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:520 msgid "<command>pwunconv</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:522 msgid "" "Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from " "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:525 msgid "pwunconv" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:531 msgid "<command>sg</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:533 msgid "" "Executes a given command while the user's GID is set to that of the given " "group" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:536 msgid "sg" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:542 msgid "<command>su</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:544 msgid "Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:546 msgid "su" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:552 msgid "<command>useradd</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:554 msgid "" "Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default new-user " "information" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:557 msgid "useradd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:563 msgid "<command>userdel</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:565 msgid "Deletes the given user account" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:567 msgid "userdel" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:573 msgid "<command>usermod</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:575 msgid "" "Is used to modify the given user's login name, User Identification (UID), " "shell, initial group, home directory, etc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:578 msgid "usermod" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:584 msgid "<command>vigr</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:586 msgid "" "Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or " "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:589 msgid "vigr" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:595 msgid "<command>vipw</command>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:597 msgid "" "Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or " "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:600 msgid "vipw" msgstr ""