#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:11 msgid "Creating a New Partition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:13 msgid "" "Like most other operating systems, LFS is usually installed on a dedicated " "partition. The recommended approach to building an LFS system is to use an " "available empty partition or, if you have enough unpartitioned space, to " "create one." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:18 msgid "" "A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB). This is " "enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages. However, " "if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional " "software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A " "30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth. The LFS system " "itself will not take up this much room. A large portion of this requirement " "is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding " "additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling " "packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the " "package is installed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:29 msgid "" "Because there is not always enough Random Access Memory (RAM) available for " "compilation processes, it is a good idea to use a small disk partition as " "<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> space. This is used by " "the kernel to store seldom-used data and leave more memory available for " "active processes. The <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> " "partition for an LFS system can be the same as the one used by the host " "system, in which case it is not necessary to create another one." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:37 msgid "" "Start a disk partitioning program such as <command>cfdisk</command> or " "<command>fdisk</command> with a command line option naming the hard disk on " "which the new partition will be created—for example <filename " "class=\"devicefile\">/dev/sda</filename> for the primary disk drive. Create " "a Linux native partition and a <systemitem " "class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> partition, if needed. Please refer to " "<filename>cfdisk(8)</filename> or <filename>fdisk(8)</filename> if you do " "not yet know how to use the programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:46 msgid "" "For experienced users, other partitioning schemes are possible. The new LFS " "system can be on a software <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/raid.html\">RAID</ulink> array or an <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/aboutlvm.html\">LVM</ulink> logical volume. " "However, some of these options require an <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/initramfs.html\">initramfs</ulink>, which is an " "advanced topic. These partitioning methodologies are not recommended for " "first time LFS users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:55 msgid "" "Remember the designation of the new partition (e.g., <filename " "class=\"devicefile\">sda5</filename>). This book will refer to this as the " "LFS partition. Also remember the designation of the <systemitem " "class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> partition. These names will be needed " "later for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:62 msgid "Other Partition Issues" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:64 msgid "" "Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS " "mailing lists. This is a highly subjective topic. The default for most " "distributions is to use the entire drive with the exception of one small " "swap partition. This is not optimal for LFS for several reasons. It " "reduces flexibility, makes sharing of data across multiple distributions or " "LFS builds more difficult, makes backups more time consuming, and can waste " "disk space through inefficient allocation of file system structures." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:73 msgid "The Root Partition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:75 msgid "" "A root LFS partition (not to be confused with the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/root</filename> directory) of twenty gigabytes is a " "good compromise for most systems. It provides enough space to build LFS and " "most of BLFS, but is small enough so that multiple partitions can be easily " "created for experimentation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:82 msgid "The Swap Partition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:84 msgid "" "Most distributions automatically create a swap partition. Generally the " "recommended size of the swap partition is about twice the amount of physical " "RAM, however this is rarely needed. If disk space is limited, hold the swap " "partition to two gigabytes and monitor the amount of disk swapping." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:90 msgid "" "If you want to use the hibernation feature (suspend-to-disk) of Linux, it " "writes out the contents of RAM to the swap partition before turning off the " "machine. In this case the size of the swap partition should be at least as " "large as the system's installed RAM." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:95 msgid "" "Swapping is never good. For mechanical hard drives you can generally tell if " "a system is swapping by just listening to disk activity and observing how " "the system reacts to commands. For an SSD drive you will not be able to " "hear swapping but you can tell how much swap space is being used by the " "<command>top</command> or <command>free</command> programs. Use of an SSD " "drive for a swap partition should be avoided if possible. The first " "reaction to swapping should be to check for an unreasonable command such as " "trying to edit a five gigabyte file. If swapping becomes a normal " "occurrence, the best solution is to purchase more RAM for your system." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:107 msgid "The Grub Bios Partition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:109 msgid "" "If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID " "Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be " "created if it does not already exist. This partition is not formatted, but " "must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot " "loader. This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using " "<command>fdisk</command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if " "using <command>gdisk</command>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:117 msgid "" "The Grub Bios partition must be on the drive that the BIOS uses to boot the " "system. This is not necessarily the same drive where the LFS root partition " "is located. Disks on a system may use different partition table types. The " "requirement for this partition depends only on the partition table type of " "the boot disk." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:125 msgid "Convenience Partitions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:127 msgid "" "There are several other partitions that are not required, but should be " "considered when designing a disk layout. The following list is not " "comprehensive, but is meant as a guide." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:133 msgid "" "/boot – Highly recommended. Use this partition to store kernels and " "other booting information. To minimize potential boot problems with larger " "disks, make this the first physical partition on your first disk drive. A " "partition size of 200 megabytes is quite adequate." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:139 msgid "" "/home – Highly recommended. Share your home directory and user " "customization across multiple distributions or LFS builds. The size is " "generally fairly large and depends on available disk space." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:144 msgid "" "/usr – A separate /usr partition is generally used if providing a " "server for a thin client or diskless workstation. It is normally not needed " "for LFS. A size of ten gigabytes will handle most installations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:149 msgid "" "/opt – This directory is most useful for BLFS where multiple " "installations of large packages like Gnome or KDE can be installed without " "embedding the files in the /usr hierarchy. If used, 5 to 10 gigabytes is " "generally adequate." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:155 msgid "" "/tmp – A separate /tmp directory is rare, but useful if configuring a " "thin client. This partition, if used, will usually not need to exceed a " "couple of gigabytes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:159 msgid "" "/usr/src – This partition is very useful for providing a location to " "store BLFS source files and share them across LFS builds. It can also be " "used as a location for building BLFS packages. A reasonably large partition " "of 30-50 gigabytes allows plenty of room." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:167 msgid "" "Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted upon boot needs " "to be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Details about how " "to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref " "linkend=\"ch-bootable-fstab\"/>." msgstr ""

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:11 msgid "Creating a New Partition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:13 msgid "" "Like most other operating systems, LFS is usually installed on a dedicated " "partition. The recommended approach to building an LFS system is to use an " "available empty partition or, if you have enough unpartitioned space, to " "create one." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:18 msgid "" "A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB). This is " "enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages. However, " "if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional " "software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A " "30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth. The LFS system " "itself will not take up this much room. A large portion of this requirement " "is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding " "additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling " "packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the " "package is installed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:29 msgid "" "Because there is not always enough Random Access Memory (RAM) available for " "compilation processes, it is a good idea to use a small disk partition as " "<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> space. This is used by " "the kernel to store seldom-used data and leave more memory available for " "active processes. The <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> " "partition for an LFS system can be the same as the one used by the host " "system, in which case it is not necessary to create another one." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:37 msgid "" "Start a disk partitioning program such as <command>cfdisk</command> or " "<command>fdisk</command> with a command line option naming the hard disk on " "which the new partition will be created—for example <filename " "class=\"devicefile\">/dev/sda</filename> for the primary disk drive. Create " "a Linux native partition and a <systemitem " "class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> partition, if needed. Please refer to " "<filename>cfdisk(8)</filename> or <filename>fdisk(8)</filename> if you do " "not yet know how to use the programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:46 msgid "" "For experienced users, other partitioning schemes are possible. The new LFS " "system can be on a software <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/raid.html\">RAID</ulink> array or an <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/aboutlvm.html\">LVM</ulink> logical volume. " "However, some of these options require an <ulink " "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/initramfs.html\">initramfs</ulink>, which is an " "advanced topic. These partitioning methodologies are not recommended for " "first time LFS users." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:55 msgid "" "Remember the designation of the new partition (e.g., <filename " "class=\"devicefile\">sda5</filename>). This book will refer to this as the " "LFS partition. Also remember the designation of the <systemitem " "class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> partition. These names will be needed " "later for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:62 msgid "Other Partition Issues" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:64 msgid "" "Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS " "mailing lists. This is a highly subjective topic. The default for most " "distributions is to use the entire drive with the exception of one small " "swap partition. This is not optimal for LFS for several reasons. It " "reduces flexibility, makes sharing of data across multiple distributions or " "LFS builds more difficult, makes backups more time consuming, and can waste " "disk space through inefficient allocation of file system structures." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:73 msgid "The Root Partition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:75 msgid "" "A root LFS partition (not to be confused with the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/root</filename> directory) of twenty gigabytes is a " "good compromise for most systems. It provides enough space to build LFS and " "most of BLFS, but is small enough so that multiple partitions can be easily " "created for experimentation." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:82 msgid "The Swap Partition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:84 msgid "" "Most distributions automatically create a swap partition. Generally the " "recommended size of the swap partition is about twice the amount of physical " "RAM, however this is rarely needed. If disk space is limited, hold the swap " "partition to two gigabytes and monitor the amount of disk swapping." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:90 msgid "" "If you want to use the hibernation feature (suspend-to-disk) of Linux, it " "writes out the contents of RAM to the swap partition before turning off the " "machine. In this case the size of the swap partition should be at least as " "large as the system's installed RAM." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:95 msgid "" "Swapping is never good. For mechanical hard drives you can generally tell if " "a system is swapping by just listening to disk activity and observing how " "the system reacts to commands. For an SSD drive you will not be able to " "hear swapping but you can tell how much swap space is being used by the " "<command>top</command> or <command>free</command> programs. Use of an SSD " "drive for a swap partition should be avoided if possible. The first " "reaction to swapping should be to check for an unreasonable command such as " "trying to edit a five gigabyte file. If swapping becomes a normal " "occurrence, the best solution is to purchase more RAM for your system." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:107 msgid "The Grub Bios Partition" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:109 msgid "" "If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID " "Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be " "created if it does not already exist. This partition is not formatted, but " "must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot " "loader. This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using " "<command>fdisk</command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if " "using <command>gdisk</command>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:117 msgid "" "The Grub Bios partition must be on the drive that the BIOS uses to boot the " "system. This is not necessarily the same drive where the LFS root partition " "is located. Disks on a system may use different partition table types. The " "requirement for this partition depends only on the partition table type of " "the boot disk." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:125 msgid "Convenience Partitions" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:127 msgid "" "There are several other partitions that are not required, but should be " "considered when designing a disk layout. The following list is not " "comprehensive, but is meant as a guide." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:133 msgid "" "/boot – Highly recommended. Use this partition to store kernels and " "other booting information. To minimize potential boot problems with larger " "disks, make this the first physical partition on your first disk drive. A " "partition size of 200 megabytes is quite adequate." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:139 msgid "" "/home – Highly recommended. Share your home directory and user " "customization across multiple distributions or LFS builds. The size is " "generally fairly large and depends on available disk space." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:144 msgid "" "/usr – A separate /usr partition is generally used if providing a " "server for a thin client or diskless workstation. It is normally not needed " "for LFS. A size of ten gigabytes will handle most installations." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:149 msgid "" "/opt – This directory is most useful for BLFS where multiple " "installations of large packages like Gnome or KDE can be installed without " "embedding the files in the /usr hierarchy. If used, 5 to 10 gigabytes is " "generally adequate." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:155 msgid "" "/tmp – A separate /tmp directory is rare, but useful if configuring a " "thin client. This partition, if used, will usually not need to exceed a " "couple of gigabytes." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:159 msgid "" "/usr/src – This partition is very useful for providing a location to " "store BLFS source files and share them across LFS builds. It can also be " "used as a location for building BLFS packages. A reasonably large partition " "of 30-50 gigabytes allows plenty of room." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter02/creatingpartition.xml:167 msgid "" "Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted upon boot needs " "to be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Details about how " "to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref " "linkend=\"ch-bootable-fstab\"/>." msgstr ""