msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-08 19:28+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "General Network Configuration" msgstr "一般网络配置" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> msgid "network" msgstr "network" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> msgid "configuring" msgstr "配置" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "This section only applies if a network card is to be configured." msgstr "本节只适用于需要配置网卡的情况。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Network Interface Configuration Files" msgstr "网络接口配置文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Starting with version 209, systemd ships a network configuration daemon " "called <command>systemd-networkd</command> which can be used for basic " "network configuration. Additionally, since version 213, DNS name resolution " "can be handled by <command>systemd-resolved</command> in place of a static " "<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> file. Both services are enabled by " "default." msgstr "" "从 209 版本开始,systemd 提供一个名为 <command>systemd-networkd</command> 的" "网络配置守护进程,它能够用于基础网络配置。另外,自 213 版本起,可以用 " "<command>systemd-resolved</command> 代替静态 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</" "filename> 文件处理域名解析。这两个服务在默认情况下都是启用的。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Configuration files for <command>systemd-networkd</command> (and " "<command>systemd-resolved</command>) can be placed in <filename class=" "\"directory\">/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename> or <filename class=" "\"directory\">/etc/systemd/network</filename>. Files in <filename class=" "\"directory\">/etc/systemd/network</filename> have a higher priority than " "the ones in <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/lib/systemd/network</" "filename>. There are three types of configuration files: <filename class=" "\"extension\">.link</filename>, <filename class=\"extension\">.netdev</" "filename> and <filename class=\"extension\">.network</filename> files. For " "detailed descriptions and example contents of these configuration files, " "consult the <filename>systemd-link(5)</filename>, <filename>systemd-" "netdev(5)</filename> and <filename>systemd-network(5)</filename> manual " "pages." msgstr "" "<command>systemd-networkd</command> (以及 <command>systemd-resolved</" "command>)的配置文件可以放置在 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/lib/systemd/" "network</filename> 或 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/systemd/network</" "filename> 中。<filename class=\"directory\">/etc/systemd/network</filename> " "中的配置文件优先级高于 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/lib/systemd/" "network</filename> 中的配置文件。有三种类型的配置文件:<filename class=" "\"extension\">.link</filename>、 <filename class=\"extension\">.netdev</" "filename> 和 <filename class=\"extension\">.network</filename> 文件。要获得它" "们的详细描述和内容示例,参阅 <filename>systemd-link(5)</filename>、 " "<filename>systemd-netdev(5)</filename> 和 <filename>systemd-network(5)</" "filename> man 手册页面。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "Network Device Naming" msgstr "网络设备命名" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Udev normally assigns network card interface names based on physical system " "characteristics such as enp2s1. If you are not sure what your interface name " "is, you can always run <command>ip link</command> after you have booted your " "system." msgstr "" "Udev 一般根据系统物理特征为网卡分配接口名,例如 enp2s1。如果您不确定接口名是" "什么,可以在引导您的系统后,运行 <command>ip link</command> 命令。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "For most systems, there is only one network interface for each type of " "connection. For example, the classic interface name for a wired connection " "is eth0. A wireless connection will usually have the name wifi0 or wlan0." msgstr "" "对于多数系统,每种连接类型只有一个网络接口。例如,有线连接的经典接口名是 " "eth0,而无线连接的接口名一般是 wifi0 或 wlan0。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "If you prefer to use the classic or customized network interface names, " "there are three alternative ways to do that:" msgstr "如果您偏爱经典或自定义网络接口名,可以使用三种不同方式:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>ln -s /dev/null /etc/systemd/network/99-default.link</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>ln -s /dev/null /etc/systemd/network/99-default.link</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Mask udev's .link file for the default policy: <placeholder type=\"screen\" " "id=\"0\"/>" msgstr "" "覆盖 udev 提供默认策略的 .link 文件:<placeholder type=\"screen\" id=\"0\"/>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "Create a manual naming scheme, for example by naming the interfaces " "something like \"internet0\", \"dmz0\", or \"lan0\". To do that, create ." "link files in /etc/systemd/network/ that select an explicit name or a better " "naming scheme for your network interfaces. For example:" msgstr "" "手动创建命名架构,例如将网络接口命名为“internet0”、“dmz0” 或 “lan0”。为此," "在 /etc/systemd/network 中创建 .link 文件,为您的一个、一些或全部网络接口直接" "选择名称,或选择更好的命名架构。例如:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-ether0.link << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>[Match]\n" "# Change the MAC address as appropriate for your network device\n" "MACAddress=12:34:45:78:90:AB\n" "\n" "[Link]\n" "Name=ether0</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-ether0.link << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>[Match]\n" "# 将 MAC 地址替换为适用于您的网络设备的值\n" "MACAddress=12:34:45:78:90:AB\n" "\n" "[Link]\n" "Name=ether0</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "See the man page systemd.link(5) for more information." msgstr "参阅 man 页面 systemd.link(5) 获得更多信息。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> msgid "" "In /boot/grub/grub.cfg, pass the option net.ifnames=0 on the kernel command " "line." msgstr "在 /boot/grub/grub.cfg 的内核命令行中传递选项 net.ifnames=0。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "Static IP Configuration" msgstr "静态 IP 配置" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "The command below creates a basic configuration file for a Static IP setup " "(using both systemd-networkd and systemd-resolved):" msgstr "" "以下命令为静态 IP 设置创建一个基本的配置文件 (使用 systemd-networkd 和 " "systemd-resolved)。" #. jhalfs relies on the values for Name, Address, etc. If you want to change #. them, please inform the jhalfs maintainer(s). #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-static.network << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>[Match]\n" "Name=<replaceable><network-device-name></replaceable>\n" "\n" "[Network]\n" "Address=192.168.0.2/24\n" "Gateway=192.168.0.1\n" "DNS=192.168.0.1\n" "Domains=<replaceable><Your Domain Name></replaceable></literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-static.network << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>[Match]\n" "Name=<replaceable><网络设备名></replaceable>\n" "\n" "[Network]\n" "Address=192.168.0.2/24\n" "Gateway=192.168.0.1\n" "DNS=192.168.0.1\n" "Domains=<replaceable><您的域名></replaceable></literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Multiple DNS entries can be added if you have more than one DNS server. Do " "not include DNS or Domains entries if you intend to use a static <filename>/" "etc/resolv.conf</filename> file." msgstr "" "如果您有多个 DNS 服务器,可以在配置文件中创建多个 DNS 项。如果您希望使用静态 " "<filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> 文件,则不要在配置文件中包含 DNS 和 " "Domains 项。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "DHCP Configuration" msgstr "DHCP 配置" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "The command below creates a basic configuration file for an IPv4 DHCP setup:" msgstr "以下命令为 IPv4 DHCP 配置创建基本配置文件:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-dhcp.network << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>[Match]\n" "Name=<network-device-name>\n" "\n" "[Network]\n" "DHCP=ipv4\n" "\n" "[DHCP]\n" "UseDomains=true</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-dhcp.network << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>[Match]\n" "Name=<网络设备名>\n" "\n" "[Network]\n" "DHCP=ipv4\n" "\n" "[DHCP]\n" "UseDomains=true</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Creating the /etc/resolv.conf File" msgstr "创建 /etc/resolv.conf 文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> msgid "/etc/resolv.conf" msgstr "/etc/resolv.conf" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "If the system is going to be connected to the Internet, it will need some " "means of Domain Name Service (DNS) name resolution to resolve Internet " "domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. This is best achieved by " "placing the IP address of the DNS server, available from the ISP or network " "administrator, into <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>." msgstr "" "如果要将系统连接到 Internet,它需要某种域名服务 (DNS) 名称解析方式,以将 " "Internet 域名解析为 IP 地址,或将 IP 地址解析为域名。最好的方法是将 ISP 或网" "络管理员提供的 DNS 服务器 IP 地址写入 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "systemd-resolved Configuration" msgstr "systemd-resolved 配置" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para> msgid "" "If using another means to configure your network interfaces (ex: ppp, " "network-manager, etc.), or if using any type of local resolver (ex: bind, " "dnsmasq, unbound, etc.), or any other software that generates an <filename>/" "etc/resolv.conf</filename> (ex: resolvconf), the <command>systemd-resolved</" "command> service should not be used." msgstr "" "如果使用其他方式配置网络接口 (例如 ppp 或 network-manager 等),或使用了某种本" "地解析器 (如 bind,dnsmasq,或者 unbound 等),或其他任何生成 <filename>/etc/" "resolv.conf</filename> 的软件 (如 resolvconf),则不应使用 <command>systemd-" "resolved</command> 服务。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "When using <command>systemd-resolved</command> for DNS configuration, it " "creates the file <filename>/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf</filename>. " "Create a symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> to use the generated file:" msgstr "" "在使用 <command>systemd-resolved</command> 进行 DNS 配置时,它创建文件 " "<filename>/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf</filename>。在 <filename>/etc</" "filename> 中创建符号链接以使用生成的文件:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> msgid "Static resolv.conf Configuration" msgstr "静态 resolv.conf 配置" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "If a static <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> is desired, create it by " "running the following command:" msgstr "" "如果希望使用静态的 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> 执行以下命令创建它:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf\n" "\n" "domain <replaceable><Your Domain Name></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your primary nameserver></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your secondary nameserver></replaceable>\n" "\n" "# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf\n" "\n" "domain <replaceable><您的域名></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><您的主要域名服务器 IP 地址></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><您的次要域名服务器 IP 地址></replaceable>\n" "\n" "# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "The <varname>domain</varname> statement can be omitted or replaced with a " "<varname>search</varname> statement. See the man page for resolv.conf for " "more details." msgstr "" "可以省略 <varname>domain</varname> 语句,或使用一条 <varname>search</" "varname> 语句代替它。阅读 resolv.conf 的 man 页面了解更多细节。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> msgid "" "Replace <replaceable><IP address of the nameserver></replaceable> with " "the IP address of the DNS server most appropriate for your setup. There " "will often be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary servers for " "fallback capability). If you only need or want one DNS server, remove the " "second <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file. The IP address " "may also be a router on the local network. Another option is to use the " "Google Public DNS service using the IP addresses below as nameservers." msgstr "" "将 <replaceable><域名服务器的 IP 地址></replaceable> 替换为您的网络环境" "下最合适的 DNS 服务器 IP 地址。这里往往会写入不止一个 DNS 服务器 (需要次要服" "务器作为后备)。如果您只需要或只希望使用一个 DNS 服务器,可以删除文件中的第二" "个 <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> 行。可以写入本地网络路由器的 IP 地址。也可" "以使用 Google 公用 DNS 服务器作为域名服务器,它们的 IP 地址在下面给出。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para> msgid "" "The Google Public IPv4 DNS addresses are <parameter>8.8.8.8</parameter> and " "<parameter>8.8.4.4</parameter> for IPv4, and " "<parameter>2001:4860:4860::8888</parameter> and " "<parameter>2001:4860:4860::8844</parameter> for IPv6." msgstr "" "Google 公用 DNS 服务器的 IPv4 地址是 <parameter>8.8.8.8</parameter> 和 " "<parameter>8.8.4.4</parameter>,IPv6 地址是 <parameter>2001:4860:4860::8888</" "parameter> 和 <parameter>2001:4860:4860::8844</parameter>。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Configuring the system hostname" msgstr "配置系统主机名" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> msgid "hostname" msgstr "hostname" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "During the boot process, the file <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> is used " "for establishing the system's hostname." msgstr "" "在引导过程中,<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 被用于设定系统主机名。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a hostname by " "running:" msgstr "" "执行以下命令,创建 <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 文件,并输入一个主机" "名:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>echo \"<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>\" > /etc/hostname</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>echo \"<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>\" > /etc/hostname</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable> needs to be replaced with the name " "given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) " "here. That information is put in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file." msgstr "" "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable> 需要被替换为赋予该计算机的名称。不要在" "这里输入全限定域名 (FQDN),它应该被写入 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> 文" "件。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "Customizing the /etc/hosts File" msgstr "自定义 /etc/hosts 文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> msgid "/etc/hosts" msgstr "/etc/hosts" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> msgid "localnet" msgstr "localnet" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Decide on a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use " "in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. If using static IP addresses, " "you'll also need to decide on an IP address. The syntax for a hosts file " "entry is:" msgstr "" "选择一个全限定域名 (FQDN),和可能的别名,以供 <filename>/etc/hosts</" "filename> 文件使用。如果使用静态 IP 地址,您还需要确定要使用的 IP 地址。" "hosts 文件条目的语法是:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal>" msgstr "<literal>IP_地址 主机名.域名 别名</literal>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., there is a " "registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses—most " "users do not have this), make sure that the IP address is in the private " "network IP address range. Valid ranges are:" msgstr "" "除非该计算机可以从 Internet 访问 (即拥有一个注册域名,并分配了一个有效的 IP " "地址段 —— 多数用户没有分配有效 IP),确认使用的 IP 地址属于私网 IP 范围。有效" "的范围是:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix\n" "10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8\n" "172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16\n" "192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal>" msgstr "" "<literal>私网地址范围 公共前缀长度\n" "10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8\n" "172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16\n" "192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the range " "0-255." msgstr "x 可以是 16-31 之间的任何数字。y 可以是 0-255 之间的任何数字。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this IP " "could be lfs.example.org." msgstr "" "有效的私网 IP 地址的一个例子是 192.168.1.1。与之对应的 FQDN 可以是 lfs." "example.org。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required. This is " "necessary for certain programs, such as MTAs, to operate properly." msgstr "" "即使没有网卡,也要提供一个有效的 FQDN。某些程序,如 MTA,需要它才能正常工作。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file using the following command:" msgstr "执行以下命令,创建 <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 文件:" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/hosts\n" "\n" "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n" "127.0.1.1 <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable>\n" "<replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable> <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>\n" "::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "\n" "# End /etc/hosts</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/hosts\n" "\n" "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n" "127.0.1.1 <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable>\n" "<replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable> <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2] ...</replaceable>\n" "::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "\n" "# End /etc/hosts</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "The <replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable>, <replaceable><FQDN>" "</replaceable>, and <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> values need " "to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address " "by a network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an " "existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted, and the " "<replaceable><192.168.0.2</replaceable> line can be omitted if you are " "using a connection configured with DHCP or IPv6 Autoconfiguration." msgstr "" "其中 <replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable>,<replaceable><" "FQDN></replaceable>,以及<replaceable><主机名></replaceable> 的值需" "要为特定使用环境和需求进行修改 (如果系统或网络管理员分配了 IP 地址,且本机将" "被连接到现有的网络中)。可以略去别名 (alias),它们不是必要的。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "The ::1 entry is the IPv6 counterpart of 127.0.0.1 and represents the IPv6 " "loopback interface. 127.0.1.1 is a loopback entry reserved specifically for " "the FQDN." msgstr "::1 是 127.0.0.1 在 IPv6 中的对应,即 IPv6 回环接口。"