#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:12 msgid "System V Bootscript Usage and Configuration" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:15 msgid "Bootscripts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:16 msgid "usage" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:20 msgid "How Do the System V Bootscripts Work?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:22 msgid "" "Linux uses a special booting facility named SysVinit that is based on a " "concept of <emphasis>run-levels</emphasis>. It can be quite different from " "one system to another, so it cannot be assumed that because things worked in " "one particular Linux distribution, they should work the same in LFS too. LFS " "has its own way of doing things, but it respects generally accepted " "standards." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:28 msgid "" "SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on) " "works using a run-levels scheme. There are seven (numbered 0 to 6) " "run-levels (actually, there are more run-levels, but they are for special " "cases and are generally not used. See <filename>init(8)</filename> for more " "details), and each one of those corresponds to the actions the computer is " "supposed to perform when it starts up. The default run-level is 3. Here are " "the descriptions of the different run-levels as they are implemented:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><literallayout> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:36 #, no-wrap msgid "" "0: halt the computer\n" "1: single-user mode\n" "2: multi-user mode without networking\n" "3: multi-user mode with networking\n" "4: reserved for customization, otherwise does the same as 3\n" "5: same as 4, it is usually used for GUI login (like X's " "<command>xdm</command> or KDE's <command>kdm</command>)\n" "6: reboot the computer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:47 msgid "Configuring Sysvinit" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:50 msgid "Sysvinit" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:51 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:245 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:307 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:541 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:557 msgid "configuring" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:55 msgid "/etc/inittab" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:58 msgid "" "During the kernel initialization, the first program that is run is either " "specified on the command line or, by default <command>init</command>. This " "program reads the initialization file <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>. " "Create this file with:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:63 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/inittab << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/inittab\n" "\n" "id:3:initdefault:\n" "\n" "si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S\n" "\n" "l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0\n" "l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1\n" "l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2\n" "l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3\n" "l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4\n" "l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5\n" "l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6\n" "\n" "ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now\n" "\n" "su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin\n" "\n" "1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600\n" "2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600\n" "3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600\n" "4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600\n" "5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600\n" "6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600\n" "\n" "# End /etc/inittab</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:92 msgid "" "An explanation of this initialization file is in the man page for " "<emphasis>inittab</emphasis>. For LFS, the key command that is run is " "<command>rc</command>. The initialization file above will instruct " "<command>rc</command> to run all the scripts starting with an S in the " "<filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/rcS.d</filename> directory followed " "by all the scripts starting with an S in the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/rc?.d</filename> directory where the question " "mark is specified by the initdefault value." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:101 msgid "" "As a convenience, the <command>rc</command> script reads a library of " "functions in <filename " "class=\"directory\">/lib/lsb/init-functions</filename>. This library also " "reads an optional configuration file, " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>. Any of the system " "configuration file parameters described in subsequent sections can be " "alternatively placed in this file allowing consolidation of all system " "parameters in this one file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:109 msgid "" "As a debugging convenience, the functions script also logs all output to " "<filename>/run/var/bootlog</filename>. Since the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/run</filename> directory is a tmpfs, this file is not " "persistent across boots, however it is appended to the more permanent file " "<filename>/var/log/boot.log</filename> at the end of the boot process." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:116 msgid "Changing Run Levels" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:118 msgid "" "Changing run-levels is done with <command>init " "<replaceable><runlevel></replaceable></command>, where " "<replaceable><runlevel></replaceable> is the target run-level. For " "example, to reboot the computer, a user could issue the <command>init " "6</command> command, which is an alias for the <command>reboot</command> " "command. Likewise, <command>init 0</command> is an alias for the " "<command>halt</command> command." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:126 msgid "" "There are a number of directories under <filename " "class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d</filename> that look like <filename " "class=\"directory\">rc?.d</filename> (where ? is the number of the " "run-level) and <filename class=\"directory\">rcsysinit.d</filename>, all " "containing a number of symbolic links. Some begin with a " "<emphasis>K</emphasis>, the others begin with an <emphasis>S</emphasis>, and " "all of them have two numbers following the initial letter. The K means to " "stop (kill) a service and the S means to start a service. The numbers " "determine the order in which the scripts are run, from 00 to 99—the " "lower the number the earlier it gets executed. When <command>init</command> " "switches to another run-level, the appropriate services are either started " "or stopped, depending on the runlevel chosen." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:138 msgid "" "The real scripts are in <filename " "class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>. They do the actual work, " "and the symlinks all point to them. K links and S links point to the same " "script in <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>. This " "is because the scripts can be called with different parameters like " "<parameter>start</parameter>, <parameter>stop</parameter>, " "<parameter>restart</parameter>, <parameter>reload</parameter>, and " "<parameter>status</parameter>. When a K link is encountered, the appropriate " "script is run with the <parameter>stop</parameter> argument. When an S link " "is encountered, the appropriate script is run with the " "<parameter>start</parameter> argument." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:150 msgid "" "There is one exception to this explanation. Links that start with an " "<emphasis>S</emphasis> in the <filename class=\"directory\">rc0.d</filename> " "and <filename class=\"directory\">rc6.d</filename> directories will not " "cause anything to be started. They will be called with the parameter " "<parameter>stop</parameter> to stop something. The logic behind this is that " "when a user is going to reboot or halt the system, nothing needs to be " "started. The system only needs to be stopped." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:159 msgid "These are descriptions of what the arguments make the scripts do:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:165 msgid "<parameter>start</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:167 msgid "The service is started." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:172 msgid "<parameter>stop</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:174 msgid "The service is stopped." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:179 msgid "<parameter>restart</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:181 msgid "The service is stopped and then started again." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:186 msgid "<parameter>reload</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:188 msgid "" "The configuration of the service is updated. This is used after the " "configuration file of a service was modified, when the service does not need " "to be restarted." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:195 msgid "<parameter>status</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:197 msgid "Tells if the service is running and with which PIDs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:203 msgid "" "Feel free to modify the way the boot process works (after all, it is your " "own LFS system). The files given here are an example of how it can be done." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:211 msgid "Udev Bootscripts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:213 msgid "" "The <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</filename> initscript starts " "<command>udevd</command>, triggers any \"coldplug\" devices that have " "already been created by the kernel and waits for any rules to complete. The " "script also unsets the uevent handler from the default of " "<filename>/sbin/hotplug </filename>. This is done because the kernel no " "longer needs to call out to an external binary. Instead " "<command>udevd</command> will listen on a netlink socket for uevents that " "the kernel raises." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:222 msgid "" "The <command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</command> initscript takes care of " "re-triggering events for subsystems whose rules may rely on filesystems that " "are not mounted until the <command>mountfs</command> script is run (in " "particular, <filename class=\"directory\">/usr</filename> and <filename " "class=\"directory\">/var</filename> may cause this). This script runs after " "the <command>mountfs</command> script, so those rules (if re-triggered) " "should succeed the second time around. It is configured from the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/udev_retry</filename> file; any words in this file " "other than comments are considered subsystem names to trigger at retry " "time. To find the subsystem of a device, use <command>udevadm info " "--attribute-walk <device></command> where <device> is an " "absolute path in /dev or /sys such as /dev/sr0 or /sys/class/rtc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:236 msgid "" "For information on kernel module loading and udev, see <xref " "linkend=\"module-loading\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:241 msgid "Configuring the System Clock" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:244 msgid "setclock" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:247 msgid "" "The <command>setclock</command> script reads the time from the hardware " "clock, also known as the BIOS or the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor " "(CMOS) clock. If the hardware clock is set to UTC, this script will convert " "the hardware clock's time to the local time using the " "<filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file (which tells the " "<command>hwclock</command> program which timezone to use). There is no way " "to detect whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC, so this needs to " "be configured manually." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:256 msgid "" "The <command>setclock</command> program is run via " "<application>udev</application> when the kernel detects the hardware " "capability upon boot. It can also be run manually with the stop parameter " "to store the system time to the CMOS clock." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:261 msgid "" "If you cannot remember whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC, find " "out by running the <userinput>hwclock --localtime --show</userinput> " "command. This will display what the current time is according to the " "hardware clock. If this time matches whatever your watch says, then the " "hardware clock is set to local time. If the output from " "<command>hwclock</command> is not local time, chances are it is set to UTC " "time. Verify this by adding or subtracting the proper amount of hours for " "the timezone to the time shown by <command>hwclock</command>. For example, " "if you are currently in the MST timezone, which is also known as GMT -0700, " "add seven hours to the local time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:272 msgid "" "Change the value of the <envar>UTC</envar> variable below to a value of " "<parameter>0</parameter> (zero) if the hardware clock is " "<emphasis>NOT</emphasis> set to UTC time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:276 msgid "" "Create a new file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/clock</filename> by running the " "following:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:279 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock\n" "\n" "UTC=1\n" "\n" "# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,\n" "# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.\n" "CLOCKPARAMS=\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/clock</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:291 msgid "" "A good hint explaining how to deal with time on LFS is available at <ulink " "url=\"&hints-root;time.txt\"/>. It explains issues such as time zones, UTC, " "and the <envar>TZ</envar> environment variable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:295 msgid "" "The CLOCKPARAMS and UTC paramaters may also be set in the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:303 msgid "Configuring the Linux Console" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:306 msgid "console" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:310 msgid "" "This section discusses how to configure the <command>console</command> " "bootscript that sets up the keyboard map, console font, and console kernel " "log level. If non-ASCII characters (e.g., the copyright sign, the British " "pound sign and Euro symbol) will not be used and the keyboard is a U.S. one, " "much of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or " "equivalent settings in <filename>rc.site</filename>), the " "<command>console</command> bootscript will do nothing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:318 msgid "" "The <command>console</command> script reads the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file for configuration " "information. Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various " "language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this, see <ulink " "url=\"http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html\"/>. If still in " "doubt, look in the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/share/keymaps</filename> and <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> directories for valid " "keymaps and screen fonts. Read <filename>loadkeys(1)</filename> and " "<filename>setfont(8)</filename> manual pages to determine the correct " "arguments for these programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:329 msgid "" "The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file should contain lines of " "the form: VARIABLE=\"value\". The following variables are recognized:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:334 msgid "LOGLEVEL" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:336 msgid "" "This variable specifies the log level for kernel messages sent to the " "console as set by <command>dmesg -n</command>. Valid levels are from \"1\" " "(no messages) to \"8\". The default level is \"7\"." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:343 msgid "KEYMAP" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:345 msgid "" "This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>loadkeys</command> " "program, typically, the name of keymap to load, e.g., <quote>it</quote>. If " "this variable is not set, the bootscript will not run the " "<command>loadkeys</command> program, and the default kernel keymap will be " "used. Note that a few keymaps have multiple versions with the same name (cz " "and its variants in qwerty/ and qwertz/, es in olpc/ and qwerty/, and trf in " "fgGIod/ and qwerty/). In these cases the parent directory should also be " "specified (e.g. qwerty/es) to ensure the proper keymap is loaded." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:359 msgid "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:361 msgid "" "This (rarely used) variable specifies the arguments for the second call to " "the <command>loadkeys</command> program. This is useful if the stock keymap " "is not completely satisfactory and a small adjustment has to be made. E.g., " "to include the Euro sign into a keymap that normally doesn't have it, set " "this variable to <quote>euro2</quote>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:371 msgid "FONT" msgstr "" #. because of the copyright sign #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:373 msgid "" "This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>setfont</command> " "program. Typically, this includes the font name, <quote>-m</quote>, and the " "name of the application character map to load. E.g., in order to load the " "<quote>lat1-16</quote> font together with the <quote>8859-1</quote> " "application character map (as it is appropriate in the USA), set this " "variable to <quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>. In UTF-8 mode, the kernel " "uses the application character map for conversion of composed 8-bit key " "codes in the keymap to UTF-8, and thus the argument of the \"-m\" parameter " "should be set to the encoding of the composed key codes in the keymap." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:390 msgid "UNICODE" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:392 msgid "" "Set this variable to <quote>1</quote>, <quote>yes</quote> or " "<quote>true</quote> in order to put the console into UTF-8 mode. This is " "useful in UTF-8 based locales and harmful otherwise." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:400 msgid "LEGACY_CHARSET" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:402 msgid "" "For many keyboard layouts, there is no stock Unicode keymap in the Kbd " "package. The <command>console</command> bootscript will convert an available " "keymap to UTF-8 on the fly if this variable is set to the encoding of the " "available non-UTF-8 keymap." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:411 msgid "Some examples:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:416 msgid "" "For a non-Unicode setup, only the KEYMAP and FONT variables are generally " "needed. E.g., for a Polish setup, one would use:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:418 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "KEYMAP=\"pl2\"\n" "FONT=\"lat2a-16 -m 8859-2\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:429 msgid "" "As mentioned above, it is sometimes necessary to adjust a stock keymap " "slightly. The following example adds the Euro symbol to the German keymap:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:433 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "KEYMAP=\"de-latin1\"\n" "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS=\"euro2\"\n" "FONT=\"lat0-16 -m 8859-15\"\n" "UNICODE=\"1\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:446 msgid "" "The following is a Unicode-enabled example for Bulgarian, where a stock " "UTF-8 keymap exists:" msgstr "" #. This is what is used by jhalfs for creating the console file: whenever #. you change the following, please inform the jhalfs maintainer(s). #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:450 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "UNICODE=\"1\"\n" "KEYMAP=\"bg_bds-utf8\"\n" "FONT=\"LatArCyrHeb-16\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:462 msgid "" "Due to the use of a 512-glyph LatArCyrHeb-16 font in the previous example, " "bright colors are no longer available on the Linux console unless a " "framebuffer is used. If one wants to have bright colors without a " "framebuffer and can live without characters not belonging to his language, " "it is still possible to use a language-specific 256-glyph font, as " "illustrated below:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:469 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "UNICODE=\"1\"\n" "KEYMAP=\"bg_bds-utf8\"\n" "FONT=\"cyr-sun16\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:481 msgid "" "The following example illustrates keymap autoconversion from ISO-8859-15 to " "UTF-8 and enabling dead keys in Unicode mode:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:484 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "UNICODE=\"1\"\n" "KEYMAP=\"de-latin1\"\n" "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS=\"euro2\"\n" "LEGACY_CHARSET=\"iso-8859-15\"\n" "FONT=\"LatArCyrHeb-16 -m 8859-15\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:498 msgid "" "Some keymaps have dead keys (i.e., keys that don't produce a character by " "themselves, but put an accent on the character produced by the next key) or " "define composition rules (such as: <quote>press Ctrl+. A E to get " "Æ</quote> in the default keymap). Linux-&linux-version; interprets " "dead keys and composition rules in the keymap correctly only when the source " "characters to be composed together are not multibyte. This deficiency " "doesn't affect keymaps for European languages, because there accents are " "added to unaccented ASCII characters, or two ASCII characters are composed " "together. However, in UTF-8 mode it is a problem; e.g., for the Greek " "language, where one sometimes needs to put an accent on the letter " "<quote>alpha</quote>. The solution is either to avoid the use of UTF-8, or " "to install the X window system that doesn't have this limitation in its " "input handling." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:515 msgid "" "For Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and some other languages, the Linux console " "cannot be configured to display the needed characters. Users who need such " "languages should install the X Window System, fonts that cover the necessary " "character ranges, and the proper input method (e.g., SCIM, supports a wide " "variety of languages)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:527 msgid "" "The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file only controls the Linux " "text console localization. It has nothing to do with setting the proper " "keyboard layout and terminal fonts in the X Window System, with ssh " "sessions, or with a serial console. In such situations, limitations " "mentioned in the last two list items above do not apply." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:537 msgid "Creating Files at Boot" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:540 msgid "File creation at boot" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:544 msgid "" "At times, it is desirable to create files at boot time. For instance, the " "<filename class=\"directory\">/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> directory is often " "needed. This can be done by creating an entry in the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> configuration script. The " "format of this file is embedded in the comments of the default configuration " "file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:553 msgid "Configuring the sysklogd Script" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:556 msgid "sysklogd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:560 msgid "" "The <filename>sysklogd</filename> script invokes the " "<command>syslogd</command> program as a part of System V initialization. " "The <parameter>-m 0</parameter> option turns off the periodic timestamp mark " "that <command>syslogd</command> writes to the log files every 20 minutes by " "default. If you want to turn on this periodic timestamp mark, edit " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> and define the variable " "SYSKLOGD_PARMS to the desired value. For instance, to remove all " "parameters, set the variable to a null value:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:569 #, no-wrap msgid "SYSKLOGD_PARMS=" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:571 msgid "See <userinput>man syslogd</userinput> for more options." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:576 msgid "The rc.site File" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:579 msgid "rc.site" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:582 msgid "" "The optional <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file contains " "settings that are automatically set for each SystemV boot script. It can " "alternatively set the values specified in the <filename>hostname</filename>, " "<filename>console</filename>, and <filename>clock</filename> files in the " "<filename class='directory'>/etc/sysconfig/</filename> directory. If the " "associated variables are present in both these separate files and " "<filename>rc.site</filename>, the values in the script specific files have " "precedence." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:591 msgid "" "<filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can customize " "other aspects of the boot process. Setting the IPROMPT variable will enable " "selective running of bootscripts. Other options are described in the file " "comments. The default version of the file is as follows:" msgstr "" #. Use role to fix a pdf generation problem #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:597 #, no-wrap msgid "&site;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:600 msgid "Customizing the Boot and Shutdown Scripts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:602 msgid "" "The LFS boot scripts boot and shut down a system in a fairly efficient " "manner, but there are a few tweaks that you can make in the rc.site file to " "improve speed even more and to adjust messages according to your " "preferences. To do this, adjust the settings in the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file above." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:610 msgid "" "During the boot script <filename>udev</filename>, there is a call to " "<command>udev settle</command> that requires some time to complete. This " "time may or may not be required depending on devices present in the system. " "If you only have simple partitions and a single ethernet card, the boot " "process will probably not need to wait for this command. To skip it, set " "the variable OMIT_UDEV_SETTLE=y." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:617 msgid "" "The boot script <filename>udev_retry</filename> also runs <command>udev " "settle</command> by default. This command is only needed by default if the " "<filename class='directory'>/var</filename> directory is separately " "mounted. This is because the clock needs the file " "<filename>/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime</filename>. Other customizations may " "also need to wait for udev to complete, but in many installations it is not " "needed. Skip the command by setting the variable OMIT_UDEV_RETRY_SETTLE=y." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:626 msgid "" "By default, the file system checks are silent. This can appear to be a " "delay during the bootup process. To turn on the <command>fsck</command> " "output, set the variable VERBOSE_FSCK=y." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:631 msgid "" "When rebooting, you may want to skip the filesystem check, " "<command>fsck</command>, completely. To do this, either create the file " "<filename>/fastboot</filename> or reboot the system with the command " "<command>/sbin/shutdown -f -r now</command>. On the other hand, you can " "force all file systems to be checked by creating " "<filename>/forcefsck</filename> or running <command>shutdown</command> with " "the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter instead of " "<parameter>-f</parameter>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:640 msgid "" "Setting the variable FASTBOOT=y will disable <command>fsck</command> during " "the boot process until it is removed. This is not recommended on a " "permanent basis." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:644 msgid "" "Normally, all files in the <filename class='directory'>/tmp</filename> " "directory are deleted at boot time. Depending on the number of files or " "directories present, this can cause a noticeable delay in the boot process. " "To skip removing these files set the variable SKIPTMPCLEAN=y." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:650 msgid "" "During shutdown, the <command>init</command> program sends a TERM signal to " "each program it has started (e.g. agetty), waits for a set time (default 3 " "seconds), and sends each process a KILL signal and waits again. This " "process is repeated in the <command>sendsignals</command> script for any " "processes that are not shut down by their own scripts. The delay for " "<command>init</command> can be set by passing a parameter. For example to " "remove the delay in <command>init</command>, pass the -t0 parameter when " "shutting down or rebooting (e.g. <command>/sbin/shutdown -t0 -r " "now</command>). The delay for the <command>sendsignals</command> script can " "be skipped by setting the parameter KILLDELAY=0." msgstr ""

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:12 msgid "System V Bootscript Usage and Configuration" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:15 msgid "Bootscripts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:16 msgid "usage" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:20 msgid "How Do the System V Bootscripts Work?" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:22 msgid "" "Linux uses a special booting facility named SysVinit that is based on a " "concept of <emphasis>run-levels</emphasis>. It can be quite different from " "one system to another, so it cannot be assumed that because things worked in " "one particular Linux distribution, they should work the same in LFS too. LFS " "has its own way of doing things, but it respects generally accepted " "standards." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:28 msgid "" "SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on) " "works using a run-levels scheme. There are seven (numbered 0 to 6) " "run-levels (actually, there are more run-levels, but they are for special " "cases and are generally not used. See <filename>init(8)</filename> for more " "details), and each one of those corresponds to the actions the computer is " "supposed to perform when it starts up. The default run-level is 3. Here are " "the descriptions of the different run-levels as they are implemented:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><literallayout> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:36 #, no-wrap msgid "" "0: halt the computer\n" "1: single-user mode\n" "2: multi-user mode without networking\n" "3: multi-user mode with networking\n" "4: reserved for customization, otherwise does the same as 3\n" "5: same as 4, it is usually used for GUI login (like X's " "<command>xdm</command> or KDE's <command>kdm</command>)\n" "6: reboot the computer" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:47 msgid "Configuring Sysvinit" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:50 msgid "Sysvinit" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:51 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:245 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:307 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:541 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:557 msgid "configuring" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:55 msgid "/etc/inittab" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:58 msgid "" "During the kernel initialization, the first program that is run is either " "specified on the command line or, by default <command>init</command>. This " "program reads the initialization file <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>. " "Create this file with:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:63 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/inittab << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/inittab\n" "\n" "id:3:initdefault:\n" "\n" "si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S\n" "\n" "l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0\n" "l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1\n" "l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2\n" "l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3\n" "l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4\n" "l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5\n" "l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6\n" "\n" "ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now\n" "\n" "su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin\n" "\n" "1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600\n" "2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600\n" "3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600\n" "4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600\n" "5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600\n" "6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600\n" "\n" "# End /etc/inittab</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:92 msgid "" "An explanation of this initialization file is in the man page for " "<emphasis>inittab</emphasis>. For LFS, the key command that is run is " "<command>rc</command>. The initialization file above will instruct " "<command>rc</command> to run all the scripts starting with an S in the " "<filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/rcS.d</filename> directory followed " "by all the scripts starting with an S in the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/rc?.d</filename> directory where the question " "mark is specified by the initdefault value." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:101 msgid "" "As a convenience, the <command>rc</command> script reads a library of " "functions in <filename " "class=\"directory\">/lib/lsb/init-functions</filename>. This library also " "reads an optional configuration file, " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>. Any of the system " "configuration file parameters described in subsequent sections can be " "alternatively placed in this file allowing consolidation of all system " "parameters in this one file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:109 msgid "" "As a debugging convenience, the functions script also logs all output to " "<filename>/run/var/bootlog</filename>. Since the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/run</filename> directory is a tmpfs, this file is not " "persistent across boots, however it is appended to the more permanent file " "<filename>/var/log/boot.log</filename> at the end of the boot process." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:116 msgid "Changing Run Levels" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:118 msgid "" "Changing run-levels is done with <command>init " "<replaceable><runlevel></replaceable></command>, where " "<replaceable><runlevel></replaceable> is the target run-level. For " "example, to reboot the computer, a user could issue the <command>init " "6</command> command, which is an alias for the <command>reboot</command> " "command. Likewise, <command>init 0</command> is an alias for the " "<command>halt</command> command." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:126 msgid "" "There are a number of directories under <filename " "class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d</filename> that look like <filename " "class=\"directory\">rc?.d</filename> (where ? is the number of the " "run-level) and <filename class=\"directory\">rcsysinit.d</filename>, all " "containing a number of symbolic links. Some begin with a " "<emphasis>K</emphasis>, the others begin with an <emphasis>S</emphasis>, and " "all of them have two numbers following the initial letter. The K means to " "stop (kill) a service and the S means to start a service. The numbers " "determine the order in which the scripts are run, from 00 to 99—the " "lower the number the earlier it gets executed. When <command>init</command> " "switches to another run-level, the appropriate services are either started " "or stopped, depending on the runlevel chosen." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:138 msgid "" "The real scripts are in <filename " "class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>. They do the actual work, " "and the symlinks all point to them. K links and S links point to the same " "script in <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>. This " "is because the scripts can be called with different parameters like " "<parameter>start</parameter>, <parameter>stop</parameter>, " "<parameter>restart</parameter>, <parameter>reload</parameter>, and " "<parameter>status</parameter>. When a K link is encountered, the appropriate " "script is run with the <parameter>stop</parameter> argument. When an S link " "is encountered, the appropriate script is run with the " "<parameter>start</parameter> argument." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:150 msgid "" "There is one exception to this explanation. Links that start with an " "<emphasis>S</emphasis> in the <filename class=\"directory\">rc0.d</filename> " "and <filename class=\"directory\">rc6.d</filename> directories will not " "cause anything to be started. They will be called with the parameter " "<parameter>stop</parameter> to stop something. The logic behind this is that " "when a user is going to reboot or halt the system, nothing needs to be " "started. The system only needs to be stopped." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:159 msgid "These are descriptions of what the arguments make the scripts do:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:165 msgid "<parameter>start</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:167 msgid "The service is started." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:172 msgid "<parameter>stop</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:174 msgid "The service is stopped." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:179 msgid "<parameter>restart</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:181 msgid "The service is stopped and then started again." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:186 msgid "<parameter>reload</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:188 msgid "" "The configuration of the service is updated. This is used after the " "configuration file of a service was modified, when the service does not need " "to be restarted." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:195 msgid "<parameter>status</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:197 msgid "Tells if the service is running and with which PIDs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:203 msgid "" "Feel free to modify the way the boot process works (after all, it is your " "own LFS system). The files given here are an example of how it can be done." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:211 msgid "Udev Bootscripts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:213 msgid "" "The <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</filename> initscript starts " "<command>udevd</command>, triggers any \"coldplug\" devices that have " "already been created by the kernel and waits for any rules to complete. The " "script also unsets the uevent handler from the default of " "<filename>/sbin/hotplug </filename>. This is done because the kernel no " "longer needs to call out to an external binary. Instead " "<command>udevd</command> will listen on a netlink socket for uevents that " "the kernel raises." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:222 msgid "" "The <command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</command> initscript takes care of " "re-triggering events for subsystems whose rules may rely on filesystems that " "are not mounted until the <command>mountfs</command> script is run (in " "particular, <filename class=\"directory\">/usr</filename> and <filename " "class=\"directory\">/var</filename> may cause this). This script runs after " "the <command>mountfs</command> script, so those rules (if re-triggered) " "should succeed the second time around. It is configured from the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/udev_retry</filename> file; any words in this file " "other than comments are considered subsystem names to trigger at retry " "time. To find the subsystem of a device, use <command>udevadm info " "--attribute-walk <device></command> where <device> is an " "absolute path in /dev or /sys such as /dev/sr0 or /sys/class/rtc." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:236 msgid "" "For information on kernel module loading and udev, see <xref " "linkend=\"module-loading\"/>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:241 msgid "Configuring the System Clock" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:244 msgid "setclock" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:247 msgid "" "The <command>setclock</command> script reads the time from the hardware " "clock, also known as the BIOS or the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor " "(CMOS) clock. If the hardware clock is set to UTC, this script will convert " "the hardware clock's time to the local time using the " "<filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file (which tells the " "<command>hwclock</command> program which timezone to use). There is no way " "to detect whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC, so this needs to " "be configured manually." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:256 msgid "" "The <command>setclock</command> program is run via " "<application>udev</application> when the kernel detects the hardware " "capability upon boot. It can also be run manually with the stop parameter " "to store the system time to the CMOS clock." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:261 msgid "" "If you cannot remember whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC, find " "out by running the <userinput>hwclock --localtime --show</userinput> " "command. This will display what the current time is according to the " "hardware clock. If this time matches whatever your watch says, then the " "hardware clock is set to local time. If the output from " "<command>hwclock</command> is not local time, chances are it is set to UTC " "time. Verify this by adding or subtracting the proper amount of hours for " "the timezone to the time shown by <command>hwclock</command>. For example, " "if you are currently in the MST timezone, which is also known as GMT -0700, " "add seven hours to the local time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:272 msgid "" "Change the value of the <envar>UTC</envar> variable below to a value of " "<parameter>0</parameter> (zero) if the hardware clock is " "<emphasis>NOT</emphasis> set to UTC time." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:276 msgid "" "Create a new file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/clock</filename> by running the " "following:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:279 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock\n" "\n" "UTC=1\n" "\n" "# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,\n" "# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.\n" "CLOCKPARAMS=\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/clock</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:291 msgid "" "A good hint explaining how to deal with time on LFS is available at <ulink " "url=\"&hints-root;time.txt\"/>. It explains issues such as time zones, UTC, " "and the <envar>TZ</envar> environment variable." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:295 msgid "" "The CLOCKPARAMS and UTC paramaters may also be set in the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:303 msgid "Configuring the Linux Console" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:306 msgid "console" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:310 msgid "" "This section discusses how to configure the <command>console</command> " "bootscript that sets up the keyboard map, console font, and console kernel " "log level. If non-ASCII characters (e.g., the copyright sign, the British " "pound sign and Euro symbol) will not be used and the keyboard is a U.S. one, " "much of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or " "equivalent settings in <filename>rc.site</filename>), the " "<command>console</command> bootscript will do nothing." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:318 msgid "" "The <command>console</command> script reads the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file for configuration " "information. Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various " "language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this, see <ulink " "url=\"http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html\"/>. If still in " "doubt, look in the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/share/keymaps</filename> and <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> directories for valid " "keymaps and screen fonts. Read <filename>loadkeys(1)</filename> and " "<filename>setfont(8)</filename> manual pages to determine the correct " "arguments for these programs." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:329 msgid "" "The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file should contain lines of " "the form: VARIABLE=\"value\". The following variables are recognized:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:334 msgid "LOGLEVEL" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:336 msgid "" "This variable specifies the log level for kernel messages sent to the " "console as set by <command>dmesg -n</command>. Valid levels are from \"1\" " "(no messages) to \"8\". The default level is \"7\"." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:343 msgid "KEYMAP" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:345 msgid "" "This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>loadkeys</command> " "program, typically, the name of keymap to load, e.g., <quote>it</quote>. If " "this variable is not set, the bootscript will not run the " "<command>loadkeys</command> program, and the default kernel keymap will be " "used. Note that a few keymaps have multiple versions with the same name (cz " "and its variants in qwerty/ and qwertz/, es in olpc/ and qwerty/, and trf in " "fgGIod/ and qwerty/). In these cases the parent directory should also be " "specified (e.g. qwerty/es) to ensure the proper keymap is loaded." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:359 msgid "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:361 msgid "" "This (rarely used) variable specifies the arguments for the second call to " "the <command>loadkeys</command> program. This is useful if the stock keymap " "is not completely satisfactory and a small adjustment has to be made. E.g., " "to include the Euro sign into a keymap that normally doesn't have it, set " "this variable to <quote>euro2</quote>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:371 msgid "FONT" msgstr "" #. because of the copyright sign #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:373 msgid "" "This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>setfont</command> " "program. Typically, this includes the font name, <quote>-m</quote>, and the " "name of the application character map to load. E.g., in order to load the " "<quote>lat1-16</quote> font together with the <quote>8859-1</quote> " "application character map (as it is appropriate in the USA), set this " "variable to <quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>. In UTF-8 mode, the kernel " "uses the application character map for conversion of composed 8-bit key " "codes in the keymap to UTF-8, and thus the argument of the \"-m\" parameter " "should be set to the encoding of the composed key codes in the keymap." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:390 msgid "UNICODE" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:392 msgid "" "Set this variable to <quote>1</quote>, <quote>yes</quote> or " "<quote>true</quote> in order to put the console into UTF-8 mode. This is " "useful in UTF-8 based locales and harmful otherwise." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:400 msgid "LEGACY_CHARSET" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:402 msgid "" "For many keyboard layouts, there is no stock Unicode keymap in the Kbd " "package. The <command>console</command> bootscript will convert an available " "keymap to UTF-8 on the fly if this variable is set to the encoding of the " "available non-UTF-8 keymap." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:411 msgid "Some examples:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:416 msgid "" "For a non-Unicode setup, only the KEYMAP and FONT variables are generally " "needed. E.g., for a Polish setup, one would use:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:418 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "KEYMAP=\"pl2\"\n" "FONT=\"lat2a-16 -m 8859-2\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:429 msgid "" "As mentioned above, it is sometimes necessary to adjust a stock keymap " "slightly. The following example adds the Euro symbol to the German keymap:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:433 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "KEYMAP=\"de-latin1\"\n" "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS=\"euro2\"\n" "FONT=\"lat0-16 -m 8859-15\"\n" "UNICODE=\"1\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:446 msgid "" "The following is a Unicode-enabled example for Bulgarian, where a stock " "UTF-8 keymap exists:" msgstr "" #. This is what is used by jhalfs for creating the console file: whenever #. you change the following, please inform the jhalfs maintainer(s). #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:450 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "UNICODE=\"1\"\n" "KEYMAP=\"bg_bds-utf8\"\n" "FONT=\"LatArCyrHeb-16\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:462 msgid "" "Due to the use of a 512-glyph LatArCyrHeb-16 font in the previous example, " "bright colors are no longer available on the Linux console unless a " "framebuffer is used. If one wants to have bright colors without a " "framebuffer and can live without characters not belonging to his language, " "it is still possible to use a language-specific 256-glyph font, as " "illustrated below:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:469 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "UNICODE=\"1\"\n" "KEYMAP=\"bg_bds-utf8\"\n" "FONT=\"cyr-sun16\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:481 msgid "" "The following example illustrates keymap autoconversion from ISO-8859-15 to " "UTF-8 and enabling dead keys in Unicode mode:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:484 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n" "\n" "UNICODE=\"1\"\n" "KEYMAP=\"de-latin1\"\n" "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS=\"euro2\"\n" "LEGACY_CHARSET=\"iso-8859-15\"\n" "FONT=\"LatArCyrHeb-16 -m 8859-15\"\n" "\n" "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:498 msgid "" "Some keymaps have dead keys (i.e., keys that don't produce a character by " "themselves, but put an accent on the character produced by the next key) or " "define composition rules (such as: <quote>press Ctrl+. A E to get " "Æ</quote> in the default keymap). Linux-&linux-version; interprets " "dead keys and composition rules in the keymap correctly only when the source " "characters to be composed together are not multibyte. This deficiency " "doesn't affect keymaps for European languages, because there accents are " "added to unaccented ASCII characters, or two ASCII characters are composed " "together. However, in UTF-8 mode it is a problem; e.g., for the Greek " "language, where one sometimes needs to put an accent on the letter " "<quote>alpha</quote>. The solution is either to avoid the use of UTF-8, or " "to install the X window system that doesn't have this limitation in its " "input handling." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:515 msgid "" "For Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and some other languages, the Linux console " "cannot be configured to display the needed characters. Users who need such " "languages should install the X Window System, fonts that cover the necessary " "character ranges, and the proper input method (e.g., SCIM, supports a wide " "variety of languages)." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:527 msgid "" "The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file only controls the Linux " "text console localization. It has nothing to do with setting the proper " "keyboard layout and terminal fonts in the X Window System, with ssh " "sessions, or with a serial console. In such situations, limitations " "mentioned in the last two list items above do not apply." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:537 msgid "Creating Files at Boot" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:540 msgid "File creation at boot" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:544 msgid "" "At times, it is desirable to create files at boot time. For instance, the " "<filename class=\"directory\">/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> directory is often " "needed. This can be done by creating an entry in the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> configuration script. The " "format of this file is embedded in the comments of the default configuration " "file." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:553 msgid "Configuring the sysklogd Script" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:556 msgid "sysklogd" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:560 msgid "" "The <filename>sysklogd</filename> script invokes the " "<command>syslogd</command> program as a part of System V initialization. " "The <parameter>-m 0</parameter> option turns off the periodic timestamp mark " "that <command>syslogd</command> writes to the log files every 20 minutes by " "default. If you want to turn on this periodic timestamp mark, edit " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> and define the variable " "SYSKLOGD_PARMS to the desired value. For instance, to remove all " "parameters, set the variable to a null value:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:569 #, no-wrap msgid "SYSKLOGD_PARMS=" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:571 msgid "See <userinput>man syslogd</userinput> for more options." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:576 msgid "The rc.site File" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:579 msgid "rc.site" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:582 msgid "" "The optional <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file contains " "settings that are automatically set for each SystemV boot script. It can " "alternatively set the values specified in the <filename>hostname</filename>, " "<filename>console</filename>, and <filename>clock</filename> files in the " "<filename class='directory'>/etc/sysconfig/</filename> directory. If the " "associated variables are present in both these separate files and " "<filename>rc.site</filename>, the values in the script specific files have " "precedence." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:591 msgid "" "<filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can customize " "other aspects of the boot process. Setting the IPROMPT variable will enable " "selective running of bootscripts. Other options are described in the file " "comments. The default version of the file is as follows:" msgstr "" #. Use role to fix a pdf generation problem #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:597 #, no-wrap msgid "&site;" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:600 msgid "Customizing the Boot and Shutdown Scripts" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:602 msgid "" "The LFS boot scripts boot and shut down a system in a fairly efficient " "manner, but there are a few tweaks that you can make in the rc.site file to " "improve speed even more and to adjust messages according to your " "preferences. To do this, adjust the settings in the " "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file above." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:610 msgid "" "During the boot script <filename>udev</filename>, there is a call to " "<command>udev settle</command> that requires some time to complete. This " "time may or may not be required depending on devices present in the system. " "If you only have simple partitions and a single ethernet card, the boot " "process will probably not need to wait for this command. To skip it, set " "the variable OMIT_UDEV_SETTLE=y." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:617 msgid "" "The boot script <filename>udev_retry</filename> also runs <command>udev " "settle</command> by default. This command is only needed by default if the " "<filename class='directory'>/var</filename> directory is separately " "mounted. This is because the clock needs the file " "<filename>/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime</filename>. Other customizations may " "also need to wait for udev to complete, but in many installations it is not " "needed. Skip the command by setting the variable OMIT_UDEV_RETRY_SETTLE=y." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:626 msgid "" "By default, the file system checks are silent. This can appear to be a " "delay during the bootup process. To turn on the <command>fsck</command> " "output, set the variable VERBOSE_FSCK=y." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:631 msgid "" "When rebooting, you may want to skip the filesystem check, " "<command>fsck</command>, completely. To do this, either create the file " "<filename>/fastboot</filename> or reboot the system with the command " "<command>/sbin/shutdown -f -r now</command>. On the other hand, you can " "force all file systems to be checked by creating " "<filename>/forcefsck</filename> or running <command>shutdown</command> with " "the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter instead of " "<parameter>-f</parameter>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:640 msgid "" "Setting the variable FASTBOOT=y will disable <command>fsck</command> during " "the boot process until it is removed. This is not recommended on a " "permanent basis." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:644 msgid "" "Normally, all files in the <filename class='directory'>/tmp</filename> " "directory are deleted at boot time. Depending on the number of files or " "directories present, this can cause a noticeable delay in the boot process. " "To skip removing these files set the variable SKIPTMPCLEAN=y." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:650 msgid "" "During shutdown, the <command>init</command> program sends a TERM signal to " "each program it has started (e.g. agetty), waits for a set time (default 3 " "seconds), and sends each process a KILL signal and waits again. This " "process is repeated in the <command>sendsignals</command> script for any " "processes that are not shut down by their own scripts. The delay for " "<command>init</command> can be set by passing a parameter. For example to " "remove the delay in <command>init</command>, pass the -t0 parameter when " "shutting down or rebooting (e.g. <command>/sbin/shutdown -t0 -r " "now</command>). The delay for the <command>sendsignals</command> script can " "be skipped by setting the parameter KILLDELAY=0." msgstr ""