creatingdirs.xml 2.4 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-tools-creatingdirs">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
  9. <title>Creating Directories</title>
  10. <para>It is time to create the full structure in the LFS file system. Create
  11. a standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
  12. <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
  13. mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},srv,var}
  14. install -dv -m 0750 /root
  15. install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
  16. mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
  17. mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
  18. mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
  19. mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
  20. mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
  21. ln -sv /run /var/run
  22. ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
  23. mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen>
  24. <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
  25. this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
  26. changes are made&mdash;one to the home directory of user <systemitem
  27. class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
  28. temporary files.</para>
  29. <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
  30. the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory&mdash;the
  31. same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
  32. second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
  33. <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
  34. class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
  35. another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
  36. <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
  37. <sect2>
  38. <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
  39. <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
  40. (FHS) (available at <ulink
  41. url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies
  42. the optional existence of some directories such as <filename
  43. class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
  44. class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the
  45. directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these
  46. directories. </para>
  47. </sect2>
  48. </sect1>