coreutils.xml 44 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
  9. <sect1info condition="script">
  10. <productname>coreutils</productname>
  11. <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
  12. <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
  13. </sect1info>
  14. <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
  15. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
  16. <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
  17. </indexterm>
  18. <sect2 role="package">
  19. <title/>
  20. <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
  21. basic system characteristics.</para>
  22. <segmentedlist>
  23. <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  24. <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  25. <seglistitem>
  26. <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
  27. <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
  28. </seglistitem>
  29. </segmentedlist>
  30. </sect2>
  31. <sect2 role="installation">
  32. <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
  33. <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
  34. boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
  35. this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
  36. <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
  37. <note>
  38. <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
  39. bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
  40. without this patch.</para>
  41. </note>
  42. <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
  43. coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
  44. picked up in this package -->
  45. <para>Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:</para>
  46. <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen>
  47. <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
  48. <screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
  49. FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
  50. --prefix=/usr \
  51. --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
  52. <variablelist>
  53. <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
  54. <varlistentry>
  55. <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
  56. <listitem>
  57. <para>This command updates generated configuration files
  58. consistent with the latest version of automake.
  59. </para>
  60. </listitem>
  61. </varlistentry>
  62. <varlistentry>
  63. <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
  64. <listitem>
  65. <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
  66. built as the root user.
  67. </para>
  68. </listitem>
  69. </varlistentry>
  70. <varlistentry>
  71. <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
  72. <listitem>
  73. <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
  74. installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
  75. </para>
  76. </listitem>
  77. </varlistentry>
  78. </variablelist>
  79. <para>Compile the package:</para>
  80. <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
  81. <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
  82. package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
  83. <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
  84. meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
  85. <screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen>
  86. <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
  87. <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
  88. require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
  89. these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
  90. user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
  91. <screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
  92. <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
  93. run the tests:</para>
  94. <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>
  95. <para>Now run the tests:</para>
  96. <screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
  97. <para>The test-getlogin test is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
  98. <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
  99. <screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
  100. <para>Install the package:</para>
  101. <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
  102. <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
  103. <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
  104. mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
  105. mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
  106. mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
  107. mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
  108. sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
  109. <para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package
  110. depend on <command>head</command>, <command>nice</command>,
  111. <command>sleep</command>, and <command>touch</command>. As <filename
  112. class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early and
  113. late stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition to
  114. maintain FHS compliance:</para>
  115. <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} /bin</userinput></screen>
  116. </sect2>
  117. <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
  118. <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
  119. <segmentedlist>
  120. <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
  121. <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
  122. <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
  123. <seglistitem>
  124. <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
  125. chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
  126. dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
  127. head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
  128. mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
  129. pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
  130. rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
  131. sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
  132. sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
  133. tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
  134. yes</seg>
  135. <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
  136. <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
  137. </seglistitem>
  138. </segmentedlist>
  139. <variablelist>
  140. <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
  141. <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
  142. <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
  143. <varlistentry id="lbracket">
  144. <term><command>[</command></term>
  145. <listitem>
  146. <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[, that is a synonym
  147. for the <command>test</command> command.</para>
  148. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
  149. <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
  150. </indexterm>
  151. </listitem>
  152. </varlistentry>
  153. <varlistentry id="base32">
  154. <term><command>base32</command></term>
  155. <listitem>
  156. <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
  157. (RFC 4648)</para>
  158. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
  159. <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
  160. </indexterm>
  161. </listitem>
  162. </varlistentry>
  163. <varlistentry id="base64">
  164. <term><command>base64</command></term>
  165. <listitem>
  166. <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
  167. (RFC 4648)</para>
  168. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
  169. <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
  170. </indexterm>
  171. </listitem>
  172. </varlistentry>
  173. <varlistentry id="b2sum">
  174. <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
  175. <listitem>
  176. <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
  177. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
  178. <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
  179. </indexterm>
  180. </listitem>
  181. </varlistentry>
  182. <varlistentry id="basename">
  183. <term><command>basename</command></term>
  184. <listitem>
  185. <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
  186. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
  187. <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
  188. </indexterm>
  189. </listitem>
  190. </varlistentry>
  191. <varlistentry id="basenc">
  192. <term><command>basenc</command></term>
  193. <listitem>
  194. <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
  195. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
  196. <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
  197. </indexterm>
  198. </listitem>
  199. </varlistentry>
  200. <varlistentry id="cat">
  201. <term><command>cat</command></term>
  202. <listitem>
  203. <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
  204. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
  205. <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
  206. </indexterm>
  207. </listitem>
  208. </varlistentry>
  209. <varlistentry id="chcon">
  210. <term><command>chcon</command></term>
  211. <listitem>
  212. <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
  213. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
  214. <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
  215. </indexterm>
  216. </listitem>
  217. </varlistentry>
  218. <varlistentry id="chgrp">
  219. <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
  220. <listitem>
  221. <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
  222. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
  223. <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
  224. </indexterm>
  225. </listitem>
  226. </varlistentry>
  227. <varlistentry id="chmod">
  228. <term><command>chmod</command></term>
  229. <listitem>
  230. <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
  231. can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
  232. octal number representing the new permissions</para>
  233. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
  234. <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
  235. </indexterm>
  236. </listitem>
  237. </varlistentry>
  238. <varlistentry id="chown">
  239. <term><command>chown</command></term>
  240. <listitem>
  241. <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
  242. directories</para>
  243. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
  244. <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
  245. </indexterm>
  246. </listitem>
  247. </varlistentry>
  248. <varlistentry id="chroot">
  249. <term><command>chroot</command></term>
  250. <listitem>
  251. <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
  252. <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
  253. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
  254. <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
  255. </indexterm>
  256. </listitem>
  257. </varlistentry>
  258. <varlistentry id="cksum">
  259. <term><command>cksum</command></term>
  260. <listitem>
  261. <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
  262. counts of each specified file</para>
  263. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
  264. <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
  265. </indexterm>
  266. </listitem>
  267. </varlistentry>
  268. <varlistentry id="comm">
  269. <term><command>comm</command></term>
  270. <listitem>
  271. <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
  272. that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
  273. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
  274. <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
  275. </indexterm>
  276. </listitem>
  277. </varlistentry>
  278. <varlistentry id="cp">
  279. <term><command>cp</command></term>
  280. <listitem>
  281. <para>Copies files</para>
  282. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
  283. <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
  284. </indexterm>
  285. </listitem>
  286. </varlistentry>
  287. <varlistentry id="csplit">
  288. <term><command>csplit</command></term>
  289. <listitem>
  290. <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
  291. according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
  292. count of each new file</para>
  293. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
  294. <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
  295. </indexterm>
  296. </listitem>
  297. </varlistentry>
  298. <varlistentry id="cut">
  299. <term><command>cut</command></term>
  300. <listitem>
  301. <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
  302. fields or positions</para>
  303. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
  304. <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
  305. </indexterm>
  306. </listitem>
  307. </varlistentry>
  308. <varlistentry id="date">
  309. <term><command>date</command></term>
  310. <listitem>
  311. <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
  312. system date</para>
  313. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
  314. <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
  315. </indexterm>
  316. </listitem>
  317. </varlistentry>
  318. <varlistentry id="dd">
  319. <term><command>dd</command> </term>
  320. <listitem>
  321. <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
  322. optionally performing conversions on it</para>
  323. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
  324. <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
  325. </indexterm>
  326. </listitem>
  327. </varlistentry>
  328. <varlistentry id="df">
  329. <term><command>df</command></term>
  330. <listitem>
  331. <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
  332. mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
  333. files</para>
  334. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
  335. <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
  336. </indexterm>
  337. </listitem>
  338. </varlistentry>
  339. <varlistentry id="dir">
  340. <term><command>dir</command></term>
  341. <listitem>
  342. <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
  343. the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
  344. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
  345. <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
  346. </indexterm>
  347. </listitem>
  348. </varlistentry>
  349. <varlistentry id="dircolors">
  350. <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
  351. <listitem>
  352. <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
  353. environment variable to change the color scheme used by
  354. <command>ls</command></para>
  355. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
  356. <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
  357. </indexterm>
  358. </listitem>
  359. </varlistentry>
  360. <varlistentry id="dirname">
  361. <term><command>dirname</command></term>
  362. <listitem>
  363. <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
  364. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
  365. <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
  366. </indexterm>
  367. </listitem>
  368. </varlistentry>
  369. <varlistentry id="du">
  370. <term><command>du</command></term>
  371. <listitem>
  372. <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
  373. by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
  374. each of the given files</para>
  375. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
  376. <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
  377. </indexterm>
  378. </listitem>
  379. </varlistentry>
  380. <varlistentry id="echo">
  381. <term><command>echo</command></term>
  382. <listitem>
  383. <para>Displays the given strings</para>
  384. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
  385. <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
  386. </indexterm>
  387. </listitem>
  388. </varlistentry>
  389. <varlistentry id="env">
  390. <term><command>env</command></term>
  391. <listitem>
  392. <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
  393. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
  394. <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
  395. </indexterm>
  396. </listitem>
  397. </varlistentry>
  398. <varlistentry id="expand">
  399. <term><command>expand</command></term>
  400. <listitem>
  401. <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
  402. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
  403. <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
  404. </indexterm>
  405. </listitem>
  406. </varlistentry>
  407. <varlistentry id="expr">
  408. <term><command>expr</command></term>
  409. <listitem>
  410. <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
  411. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
  412. <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
  413. </indexterm>
  414. </listitem>
  415. </varlistentry>
  416. <varlistentry id="factor">
  417. <term><command>factor</command></term>
  418. <listitem>
  419. <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
  420. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
  421. <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
  422. </indexterm>
  423. </listitem>
  424. </varlistentry>
  425. <varlistentry id="false">
  426. <term><command>false</command></term>
  427. <listitem>
  428. <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
  429. indicating failure</para>
  430. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
  431. <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
  432. </indexterm>
  433. </listitem>
  434. </varlistentry>
  435. <varlistentry id="fmt">
  436. <term><command>fmt</command></term>
  437. <listitem>
  438. <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
  439. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
  440. <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
  441. </indexterm>
  442. </listitem>
  443. </varlistentry>
  444. <varlistentry id="fold">
  445. <term><command>fold</command></term>
  446. <listitem>
  447. <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
  448. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
  449. <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
  450. </indexterm>
  451. </listitem>
  452. </varlistentry>
  453. <varlistentry id="groups">
  454. <term><command>groups</command></term>
  455. <listitem>
  456. <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
  457. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
  458. <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
  459. </indexterm>
  460. </listitem>
  461. </varlistentry>
  462. <varlistentry id="head">
  463. <term><command>head</command></term>
  464. <listitem>
  465. <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
  466. of each given file</para>
  467. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
  468. <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
  469. </indexterm>
  470. </listitem>
  471. </varlistentry>
  472. <varlistentry id="hostid">
  473. <term><command>hostid</command></term>
  474. <listitem>
  475. <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
  476. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
  477. <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
  478. </indexterm>
  479. </listitem>
  480. </varlistentry>
  481. <varlistentry id="id">
  482. <term><command>id</command></term>
  483. <listitem>
  484. <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
  485. of the current user or specified user</para>
  486. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
  487. <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
  488. </indexterm>
  489. </listitem>
  490. </varlistentry>
  491. <varlistentry id="install">
  492. <term><command>install</command> </term>
  493. <listitem>
  494. <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
  495. possible, their owner and group</para>
  496. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
  497. <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
  498. </indexterm>
  499. </listitem>
  500. </varlistentry>
  501. <varlistentry id="join">
  502. <term><command>join</command></term>
  503. <listitem>
  504. <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
  505. separate files</para>
  506. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
  507. <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
  508. </indexterm>
  509. </listitem>
  510. </varlistentry>
  511. <varlistentry id="link">
  512. <term><command>link</command></term>
  513. <listitem>
  514. <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
  515. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
  516. <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
  517. </indexterm>
  518. </listitem>
  519. </varlistentry>
  520. <varlistentry id="ln">
  521. <term><command>ln</command></term>
  522. <listitem>
  523. <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
  524. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
  525. <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
  526. </indexterm>
  527. </listitem>
  528. </varlistentry>
  529. <varlistentry id="logname">
  530. <term><command>logname</command></term>
  531. <listitem>
  532. <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
  533. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
  534. <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
  535. </indexterm>
  536. </listitem>
  537. </varlistentry>
  538. <varlistentry id="ls">
  539. <term><command>ls</command></term>
  540. <listitem>
  541. <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
  542. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
  543. <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
  544. </indexterm>
  545. </listitem>
  546. </varlistentry>
  547. <varlistentry id="md5sum">
  548. <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
  549. <listitem>
  550. <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
  551. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
  552. <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
  553. </indexterm>
  554. </listitem>
  555. </varlistentry>
  556. <varlistentry id="mkdir">
  557. <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
  558. <listitem>
  559. <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
  560. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
  561. <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
  562. </indexterm>
  563. </listitem>
  564. </varlistentry>
  565. <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
  566. <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
  567. <listitem>
  568. <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
  569. pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
  570. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
  571. <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
  572. </indexterm>
  573. </listitem>
  574. </varlistentry>
  575. <varlistentry id="mknod">
  576. <term><command>mknod</command></term>
  577. <listitem>
  578. <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
  579. character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
  580. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
  581. <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
  582. </indexterm>
  583. </listitem>
  584. </varlistentry>
  585. <varlistentry id="mktemp">
  586. <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
  587. <listitem>
  588. <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
  589. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
  590. <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
  591. </indexterm>
  592. </listitem>
  593. </varlistentry>
  594. <varlistentry id="mv">
  595. <term><command>mv</command></term>
  596. <listitem>
  597. <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
  598. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
  599. <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
  600. </indexterm>
  601. </listitem>
  602. </varlistentry>
  603. <varlistentry id="nice">
  604. <term><command>nice</command></term>
  605. <listitem>
  606. <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
  607. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
  608. <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
  609. </indexterm>
  610. </listitem>
  611. </varlistentry>
  612. <varlistentry id="nl">
  613. <term><command>nl</command></term>
  614. <listitem>
  615. <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
  616. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
  617. <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
  618. </indexterm>
  619. </listitem>
  620. </varlistentry>
  621. <varlistentry id="nohup">
  622. <term><command>nohup</command></term>
  623. <listitem>
  624. <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
  625. a log file</para>
  626. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
  627. <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
  628. </indexterm>
  629. </listitem>
  630. </varlistentry>
  631. <varlistentry id="nproc">
  632. <term><command>nproc</command></term>
  633. <listitem>
  634. <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
  635. process</para>
  636. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
  637. <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
  638. </indexterm>
  639. </listitem>
  640. </varlistentry>
  641. <varlistentry id="numfmt">
  642. <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
  643. <listitem>
  644. <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
  645. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
  646. <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
  647. </indexterm>
  648. </listitem>
  649. </varlistentry>
  650. <varlistentry id="od">
  651. <term><command>od</command></term>
  652. <listitem>
  653. <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
  654. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
  655. <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
  656. </indexterm>
  657. </listitem>
  658. </varlistentry>
  659. <varlistentry id="paste">
  660. <term><command>paste</command></term>
  661. <listitem>
  662. <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
  663. side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
  664. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
  665. <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
  666. </indexterm>
  667. </listitem>
  668. </varlistentry>
  669. <varlistentry id="pathchk">
  670. <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
  671. <listitem>
  672. <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
  673. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
  674. <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
  675. </indexterm>
  676. </listitem>
  677. </varlistentry>
  678. <varlistentry id="pinky">
  679. <term><command>pinky</command></term>
  680. <listitem>
  681. <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
  682. about the given users</para>
  683. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
  684. <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
  685. </indexterm>
  686. </listitem>
  687. </varlistentry>
  688. <varlistentry id="pr">
  689. <term><command>pr</command></term>
  690. <listitem>
  691. <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
  692. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
  693. <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
  694. </indexterm>
  695. </listitem>
  696. </varlistentry>
  697. <varlistentry id="printenv">
  698. <term><command>printenv</command></term>
  699. <listitem>
  700. <para>Prints the environment</para>
  701. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
  702. <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
  703. </indexterm>
  704. </listitem>
  705. </varlistentry>
  706. <varlistentry id="printf">
  707. <term><command>printf</command></term>
  708. <listitem>
  709. <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
  710. like the C printf function</para>
  711. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
  712. <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
  713. </indexterm>
  714. </listitem>
  715. </varlistentry>
  716. <varlistentry id="ptx">
  717. <term><command>ptx</command></term>
  718. <listitem>
  719. <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
  720. with each keyword in its context</para>
  721. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
  722. <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
  723. </indexterm>
  724. </listitem>
  725. </varlistentry>
  726. <varlistentry id="pwd">
  727. <term><command>pwd</command></term>
  728. <listitem>
  729. <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
  730. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
  731. <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
  732. </indexterm>
  733. </listitem>
  734. </varlistentry>
  735. <varlistentry id="readlink">
  736. <term><command>readlink</command></term>
  737. <listitem>
  738. <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
  739. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
  740. <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
  741. </indexterm>
  742. </listitem>
  743. </varlistentry>
  744. <varlistentry id="realpath">
  745. <term><command>realpath</command></term>
  746. <listitem>
  747. <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
  748. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
  749. <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
  750. </indexterm>
  751. </listitem>
  752. </varlistentry>
  753. <varlistentry id="rm">
  754. <term><command>rm</command></term>
  755. <listitem>
  756. <para>Removes files or directories</para>
  757. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
  758. <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
  759. </indexterm>
  760. </listitem>
  761. </varlistentry>
  762. <varlistentry id="rmdir">
  763. <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
  764. <listitem>
  765. <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
  766. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
  767. <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
  768. </indexterm>
  769. </listitem>
  770. </varlistentry>
  771. <varlistentry id="runcon">
  772. <term><command>runcon</command></term>
  773. <listitem>
  774. <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
  775. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
  776. <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
  777. </indexterm>
  778. </listitem>
  779. </varlistentry>
  780. <varlistentry id="seq">
  781. <term><command>seq</command></term>
  782. <listitem>
  783. <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
  784. given increment</para>
  785. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
  786. <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
  787. </indexterm>
  788. </listitem>
  789. </varlistentry>
  790. <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
  791. <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
  792. <listitem>
  793. <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
  794. checksums</para>
  795. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
  796. <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
  797. </indexterm>
  798. </listitem>
  799. </varlistentry>
  800. <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
  801. <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
  802. <listitem>
  803. <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  804. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
  805. <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
  806. </indexterm>
  807. </listitem>
  808. </varlistentry>
  809. <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
  810. <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
  811. <listitem>
  812. <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  813. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
  814. <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
  815. </indexterm>
  816. </listitem>
  817. </varlistentry>
  818. <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
  819. <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
  820. <listitem>
  821. <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  822. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
  823. <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
  824. </indexterm>
  825. </listitem>
  826. </varlistentry>
  827. <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
  828. <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
  829. <listitem>
  830. <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  831. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
  832. <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
  833. </indexterm>
  834. </listitem>
  835. </varlistentry>
  836. <varlistentry id="shred">
  837. <term><command>shred</command></term>
  838. <listitem>
  839. <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
  840. making it difficult to recover the data</para>
  841. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
  842. <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
  843. </indexterm>
  844. </listitem>
  845. </varlistentry>
  846. <varlistentry id="shuf">
  847. <term><command>shuf</command></term>
  848. <listitem>
  849. <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
  850. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
  851. <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
  852. </indexterm>
  853. </listitem>
  854. </varlistentry>
  855. <varlistentry id="sleep">
  856. <term><command>sleep</command></term>
  857. <listitem>
  858. <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
  859. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
  860. <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
  861. </indexterm>
  862. </listitem>
  863. </varlistentry>
  864. <varlistentry id="sort">
  865. <term><command>sort</command></term>
  866. <listitem>
  867. <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
  868. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
  869. <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
  870. </indexterm>
  871. </listitem>
  872. </varlistentry>
  873. <varlistentry id="split">
  874. <term><command>split</command></term>
  875. <listitem>
  876. <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
  877. lines</para>
  878. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
  879. <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
  880. </indexterm>
  881. </listitem>
  882. </varlistentry>
  883. <varlistentry id="stat">
  884. <term><command>stat</command></term>
  885. <listitem>
  886. <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
  887. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
  888. <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
  889. </indexterm>
  890. </listitem>
  891. </varlistentry>
  892. <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
  893. <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
  894. <listitem>
  895. <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
  896. streams</para>
  897. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
  898. <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
  899. </indexterm>
  900. </listitem>
  901. </varlistentry>
  902. <varlistentry id="stty">
  903. <term><command>stty</command></term>
  904. <listitem>
  905. <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
  906. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
  907. <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
  908. </indexterm>
  909. </listitem>
  910. </varlistentry>
  911. <varlistentry id="sum">
  912. <term><command>sum</command></term>
  913. <listitem>
  914. <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
  915. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
  916. <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
  917. </indexterm>
  918. </listitem>
  919. </varlistentry>
  920. <varlistentry id="sync">
  921. <term><command>sync</command></term>
  922. <listitem>
  923. <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
  924. and updates the super block</para>
  925. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
  926. <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
  927. </indexterm>
  928. </listitem>
  929. </varlistentry>
  930. <varlistentry id="tac">
  931. <term><command>tac</command></term>
  932. <listitem>
  933. <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
  934. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
  935. <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
  936. </indexterm>
  937. </listitem>
  938. </varlistentry>
  939. <varlistentry id="tail">
  940. <term><command>tail</command></term>
  941. <listitem>
  942. <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
  943. given file</para>
  944. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
  945. <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
  946. </indexterm>
  947. </listitem>
  948. </varlistentry>
  949. <varlistentry id="tee">
  950. <term><command>tee</command></term>
  951. <listitem>
  952. <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
  953. and to the given files</para>
  954. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
  955. <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
  956. </indexterm>
  957. </listitem>
  958. </varlistentry>
  959. <varlistentry id="test">
  960. <term><command>test</command></term>
  961. <listitem>
  962. <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
  963. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
  964. <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
  965. </indexterm>
  966. </listitem>
  967. </varlistentry>
  968. <varlistentry id="timeout">
  969. <term><command>timeout</command></term>
  970. <listitem>
  971. <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
  972. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
  973. <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
  974. </indexterm>
  975. </listitem>
  976. </varlistentry>
  977. <varlistentry id="touch">
  978. <term><command>touch</command></term>
  979. <listitem>
  980. <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
  981. times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
  982. are created with zero length</para>
  983. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
  984. <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
  985. </indexterm>
  986. </listitem>
  987. </varlistentry>
  988. <varlistentry id="tr">
  989. <term><command>tr</command></term>
  990. <listitem>
  991. <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
  992. standard input</para>
  993. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
  994. <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
  995. </indexterm>
  996. </listitem>
  997. </varlistentry>
  998. <varlistentry id="true">
  999. <term><command>true</command></term>
  1000. <listitem>
  1001. <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
  1002. indicating success</para>
  1003. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
  1004. <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
  1005. </indexterm>
  1006. </listitem>
  1007. </varlistentry>
  1008. <varlistentry id="truncate">
  1009. <term><command>truncate</command></term>
  1010. <listitem>
  1011. <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
  1012. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
  1013. <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
  1014. </indexterm>
  1015. </listitem>
  1016. </varlistentry>
  1017. <varlistentry id="tsort">
  1018. <term><command>tsort</command></term>
  1019. <listitem>
  1020. <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
  1021. according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
  1022. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
  1023. <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
  1024. </indexterm>
  1025. </listitem>
  1026. </varlistentry>
  1027. <varlistentry id="tty">
  1028. <term><command>tty</command></term>
  1029. <listitem>
  1030. <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
  1031. input</para>
  1032. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
  1033. <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
  1034. </indexterm>
  1035. </listitem>
  1036. </varlistentry>
  1037. <varlistentry id="uname">
  1038. <term><command>uname</command></term>
  1039. <listitem>
  1040. <para>Reports system information</para>
  1041. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
  1042. <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
  1043. </indexterm>
  1044. </listitem>
  1045. </varlistentry>
  1046. <varlistentry id="unexpand">
  1047. <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
  1048. <listitem>
  1049. <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
  1050. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
  1051. <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
  1052. </indexterm>
  1053. </listitem>
  1054. </varlistentry>
  1055. <varlistentry id="uniq">
  1056. <term><command>uniq</command></term>
  1057. <listitem>
  1058. <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
  1059. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
  1060. <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
  1061. </indexterm>
  1062. </listitem>
  1063. </varlistentry>
  1064. <varlistentry id="unlink">
  1065. <term><command>unlink</command></term>
  1066. <listitem>
  1067. <para>Removes the given file</para>
  1068. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
  1069. <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
  1070. </indexterm>
  1071. </listitem>
  1072. </varlistentry>
  1073. <varlistentry id="users">
  1074. <term><command>users</command></term>
  1075. <listitem>
  1076. <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
  1077. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
  1078. <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
  1079. </indexterm>
  1080. </listitem>
  1081. </varlistentry>
  1082. <varlistentry id="vdir">
  1083. <term><command>vdir</command></term>
  1084. <listitem>
  1085. <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
  1086. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
  1087. <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
  1088. </indexterm>
  1089. </listitem>
  1090. </varlistentry>
  1091. <varlistentry id="wc">
  1092. <term><command>wc</command></term>
  1093. <listitem>
  1094. <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
  1095. file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
  1096. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
  1097. <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
  1098. </indexterm>
  1099. </listitem>
  1100. </varlistentry>
  1101. <varlistentry id="who">
  1102. <term><command>who</command></term>
  1103. <listitem>
  1104. <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
  1105. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
  1106. <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
  1107. </indexterm>
  1108. </listitem>
  1109. </varlistentry>
  1110. <varlistentry id="whoami">
  1111. <term><command>whoami</command></term>
  1112. <listitem>
  1113. <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
  1114. user ID</para>
  1115. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
  1116. <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
  1117. </indexterm>
  1118. </listitem>
  1119. </varlistentry>
  1120. <varlistentry id="yes">
  1121. <term><command>yes</command></term>
  1122. <listitem>
  1123. <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
  1124. killed</para>
  1125. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
  1126. <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
  1127. </indexterm>
  1128. </listitem>
  1129. </varlistentry>
  1130. <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
  1131. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
  1132. <listitem>
  1133. <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
  1134. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
  1135. <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
  1136. </indexterm>
  1137. </listitem>
  1138. </varlistentry>
  1139. </variablelist>
  1140. </sect2>
  1141. </sect1>