coreutils.xml 45 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
  9. <sect1info condition="script">
  10. <productname>coreutils</productname>
  11. <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
  12. <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
  13. </sect1info>
  14. <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
  15. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
  16. <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
  17. </indexterm>
  18. <sect2 role="package">
  19. <title/>
  20. <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
  21. basic system characteristics.</para>
  22. <segmentedlist>
  23. <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  24. <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  25. <seglistitem>
  26. <seg>&coreutils-fin-sbu;</seg>
  27. <seg>&coreutils-fin-du;</seg>
  28. </seglistitem>
  29. </segmentedlist>
  30. </sect2>
  31. <sect2 role="installation">
  32. <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
  33. <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
  34. boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
  35. this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
  36. <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
  37. <note>
  38. <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
  39. bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
  40. without this patch.</para>
  41. </note>
  42. <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
  43. coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
  44. picked up in this package -->
  45. <para>Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:</para>
  46. <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen>
  47. <para>Fix a problem with autoconf-2.70 in an included gnulib .m4 file:</para>
  48. <screen><userinput remap="pre">echo '# deleted' > m4/std-gnu11.m4</userinput></screen>
  49. <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
  50. <screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
  51. FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
  52. --prefix=/usr \
  53. --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
  54. <variablelist>
  55. <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
  56. <varlistentry>
  57. <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
  58. <listitem>
  59. <para>This command updates generated configuration files
  60. consistent with the latest version of automake.
  61. </para>
  62. </listitem>
  63. </varlistentry>
  64. <varlistentry>
  65. <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
  66. <listitem>
  67. <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
  68. built as the root user.
  69. </para>
  70. </listitem>
  71. </varlistentry>
  72. <varlistentry>
  73. <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
  74. <listitem>
  75. <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
  76. installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
  77. </para>
  78. </listitem>
  79. </varlistentry>
  80. </variablelist>
  81. <para>Compile the package:</para>
  82. <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
  83. <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
  84. package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
  85. <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
  86. meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
  87. <screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=tester check-root</userinput></screen>
  88. <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
  89. <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user. Certain tests
  90. require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
  91. these tests are not skipped, add a temporary group and make the
  92. user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
  93. <screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:102:tester" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
  94. <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
  95. run the tests:</para>
  96. <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . </userinput></screen>
  97. <para>Now run the tests:</para>
  98. <screen><userinput remap="test">su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
  99. <para>The test-getlogin test is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
  100. <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
  101. <screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
  102. <para>Install the package:</para>
  103. <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
  104. <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
  105. <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
  106. mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
  107. mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
  108. mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
  109. mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
  110. sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
  111. <para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package
  112. depend on <command>head</command>, <command>nice</command>,
  113. <command>sleep</command>, and <command>touch</command>. As <filename
  114. class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early and
  115. late stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition to
  116. maintain FHS compliance:</para>
  117. <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} /bin</userinput></screen>
  118. </sect2>
  119. <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
  120. <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
  121. <segmentedlist>
  122. <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
  123. <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
  124. <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
  125. <seglistitem>
  126. <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
  127. chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
  128. dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
  129. head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
  130. mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
  131. pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
  132. rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
  133. sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
  134. sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
  135. tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
  136. yes</seg>
  137. <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
  138. <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
  139. </seglistitem>
  140. </segmentedlist>
  141. <variablelist>
  142. <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
  143. <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
  144. <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
  145. <varlistentry id="lbracket">
  146. <term><command>[</command></term>
  147. <listitem>
  148. <para>Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[, that is a synonym
  149. for the <command>test</command> command.</para>
  150. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils lbracket">
  151. <primary sortas="b-111">[</primary>
  152. </indexterm>
  153. </listitem>
  154. </varlistentry>
  155. <varlistentry id="base32">
  156. <term><command>base32</command></term>
  157. <listitem>
  158. <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
  159. (RFC 4648)</para>
  160. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
  161. <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
  162. </indexterm>
  163. </listitem>
  164. </varlistentry>
  165. <varlistentry id="base64">
  166. <term><command>base64</command></term>
  167. <listitem>
  168. <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
  169. (RFC 4648)</para>
  170. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
  171. <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
  172. </indexterm>
  173. </listitem>
  174. </varlistentry>
  175. <varlistentry id="b2sum">
  176. <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
  177. <listitem>
  178. <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
  179. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
  180. <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
  181. </indexterm>
  182. </listitem>
  183. </varlistentry>
  184. <varlistentry id="basename">
  185. <term><command>basename</command></term>
  186. <listitem>
  187. <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
  188. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
  189. <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
  190. </indexterm>
  191. </listitem>
  192. </varlistentry>
  193. <varlistentry id="basenc">
  194. <term><command>basenc</command></term>
  195. <listitem>
  196. <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
  197. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
  198. <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
  199. </indexterm>
  200. </listitem>
  201. </varlistentry>
  202. <varlistentry id="cat">
  203. <term><command>cat</command></term>
  204. <listitem>
  205. <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
  206. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
  207. <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
  208. </indexterm>
  209. </listitem>
  210. </varlistentry>
  211. <varlistentry id="chcon">
  212. <term><command>chcon</command></term>
  213. <listitem>
  214. <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
  215. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
  216. <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
  217. </indexterm>
  218. </listitem>
  219. </varlistentry>
  220. <varlistentry id="chgrp">
  221. <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
  222. <listitem>
  223. <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
  224. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
  225. <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
  226. </indexterm>
  227. </listitem>
  228. </varlistentry>
  229. <varlistentry id="chmod">
  230. <term><command>chmod</command></term>
  231. <listitem>
  232. <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
  233. can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
  234. octal number representing the new permissions</para>
  235. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
  236. <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
  237. </indexterm>
  238. </listitem>
  239. </varlistentry>
  240. <varlistentry id="chown">
  241. <term><command>chown</command></term>
  242. <listitem>
  243. <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
  244. directories</para>
  245. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
  246. <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
  247. </indexterm>
  248. </listitem>
  249. </varlistentry>
  250. <varlistentry id="chroot">
  251. <term><command>chroot</command></term>
  252. <listitem>
  253. <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
  254. <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
  255. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
  256. <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
  257. </indexterm>
  258. </listitem>
  259. </varlistentry>
  260. <varlistentry id="cksum">
  261. <term><command>cksum</command></term>
  262. <listitem>
  263. <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
  264. counts of each specified file</para>
  265. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
  266. <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
  267. </indexterm>
  268. </listitem>
  269. </varlistentry>
  270. <varlistentry id="comm">
  271. <term><command>comm</command></term>
  272. <listitem>
  273. <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
  274. that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
  275. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
  276. <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
  277. </indexterm>
  278. </listitem>
  279. </varlistentry>
  280. <varlistentry id="cp">
  281. <term><command>cp</command></term>
  282. <listitem>
  283. <para>Copies files</para>
  284. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
  285. <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
  286. </indexterm>
  287. </listitem>
  288. </varlistentry>
  289. <varlistentry id="csplit">
  290. <term><command>csplit</command></term>
  291. <listitem>
  292. <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
  293. according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
  294. count of each new file</para>
  295. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
  296. <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
  297. </indexterm>
  298. </listitem>
  299. </varlistentry>
  300. <varlistentry id="cut">
  301. <term><command>cut</command></term>
  302. <listitem>
  303. <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
  304. fields or positions</para>
  305. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
  306. <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
  307. </indexterm>
  308. </listitem>
  309. </varlistentry>
  310. <varlistentry id="date">
  311. <term><command>date</command></term>
  312. <listitem>
  313. <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
  314. system date</para>
  315. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
  316. <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
  317. </indexterm>
  318. </listitem>
  319. </varlistentry>
  320. <varlistentry id="dd">
  321. <term><command>dd</command> </term>
  322. <listitem>
  323. <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
  324. optionally performing conversions on it</para>
  325. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
  326. <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
  327. </indexterm>
  328. </listitem>
  329. </varlistentry>
  330. <varlistentry id="df">
  331. <term><command>df</command></term>
  332. <listitem>
  333. <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
  334. mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
  335. files</para>
  336. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
  337. <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
  338. </indexterm>
  339. </listitem>
  340. </varlistentry>
  341. <varlistentry id="dir">
  342. <term><command>dir</command></term>
  343. <listitem>
  344. <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
  345. the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
  346. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
  347. <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
  348. </indexterm>
  349. </listitem>
  350. </varlistentry>
  351. <varlistentry id="dircolors">
  352. <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
  353. <listitem>
  354. <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
  355. environment variable to change the color scheme used by
  356. <command>ls</command></para>
  357. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
  358. <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
  359. </indexterm>
  360. </listitem>
  361. </varlistentry>
  362. <varlistentry id="dirname">
  363. <term><command>dirname</command></term>
  364. <listitem>
  365. <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
  366. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
  367. <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
  368. </indexterm>
  369. </listitem>
  370. </varlistentry>
  371. <varlistentry id="du">
  372. <term><command>du</command></term>
  373. <listitem>
  374. <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
  375. by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
  376. each of the given files</para>
  377. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
  378. <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
  379. </indexterm>
  380. </listitem>
  381. </varlistentry>
  382. <varlistentry id="echo">
  383. <term><command>echo</command></term>
  384. <listitem>
  385. <para>Displays the given strings</para>
  386. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
  387. <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
  388. </indexterm>
  389. </listitem>
  390. </varlistentry>
  391. <varlistentry id="env">
  392. <term><command>env</command></term>
  393. <listitem>
  394. <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
  395. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
  396. <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
  397. </indexterm>
  398. </listitem>
  399. </varlistentry>
  400. <varlistentry id="expand">
  401. <term><command>expand</command></term>
  402. <listitem>
  403. <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
  404. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
  405. <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
  406. </indexterm>
  407. </listitem>
  408. </varlistentry>
  409. <varlistentry id="expr">
  410. <term><command>expr</command></term>
  411. <listitem>
  412. <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
  413. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
  414. <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
  415. </indexterm>
  416. </listitem>
  417. </varlistentry>
  418. <varlistentry id="factor">
  419. <term><command>factor</command></term>
  420. <listitem>
  421. <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
  422. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
  423. <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
  424. </indexterm>
  425. </listitem>
  426. </varlistentry>
  427. <varlistentry id="false">
  428. <term><command>false</command></term>
  429. <listitem>
  430. <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
  431. indicating failure</para>
  432. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
  433. <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
  434. </indexterm>
  435. </listitem>
  436. </varlistentry>
  437. <varlistentry id="fmt">
  438. <term><command>fmt</command></term>
  439. <listitem>
  440. <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
  441. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
  442. <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
  443. </indexterm>
  444. </listitem>
  445. </varlistentry>
  446. <varlistentry id="fold">
  447. <term><command>fold</command></term>
  448. <listitem>
  449. <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
  450. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
  451. <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
  452. </indexterm>
  453. </listitem>
  454. </varlistentry>
  455. <varlistentry id="groups">
  456. <term><command>groups</command></term>
  457. <listitem>
  458. <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
  459. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
  460. <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
  461. </indexterm>
  462. </listitem>
  463. </varlistentry>
  464. <varlistentry id="head">
  465. <term><command>head</command></term>
  466. <listitem>
  467. <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
  468. of each given file</para>
  469. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
  470. <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
  471. </indexterm>
  472. </listitem>
  473. </varlistentry>
  474. <varlistentry id="hostid">
  475. <term><command>hostid</command></term>
  476. <listitem>
  477. <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
  478. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
  479. <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
  480. </indexterm>
  481. </listitem>
  482. </varlistentry>
  483. <varlistentry id="id">
  484. <term><command>id</command></term>
  485. <listitem>
  486. <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
  487. of the current user or specified user</para>
  488. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
  489. <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
  490. </indexterm>
  491. </listitem>
  492. </varlistentry>
  493. <varlistentry id="install">
  494. <term><command>install</command> </term>
  495. <listitem>
  496. <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
  497. possible, their owner and group</para>
  498. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
  499. <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
  500. </indexterm>
  501. </listitem>
  502. </varlistentry>
  503. <varlistentry id="join">
  504. <term><command>join</command></term>
  505. <listitem>
  506. <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
  507. separate files</para>
  508. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
  509. <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
  510. </indexterm>
  511. </listitem>
  512. </varlistentry>
  513. <varlistentry id="link">
  514. <term><command>link</command></term>
  515. <listitem>
  516. <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
  517. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
  518. <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
  519. </indexterm>
  520. </listitem>
  521. </varlistentry>
  522. <varlistentry id="ln">
  523. <term><command>ln</command></term>
  524. <listitem>
  525. <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
  526. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
  527. <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
  528. </indexterm>
  529. </listitem>
  530. </varlistentry>
  531. <varlistentry id="logname">
  532. <term><command>logname</command></term>
  533. <listitem>
  534. <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
  535. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
  536. <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
  537. </indexterm>
  538. </listitem>
  539. </varlistentry>
  540. <varlistentry id="ls">
  541. <term><command>ls</command></term>
  542. <listitem>
  543. <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
  544. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
  545. <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
  546. </indexterm>
  547. </listitem>
  548. </varlistentry>
  549. <varlistentry id="md5sum">
  550. <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
  551. <listitem>
  552. <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
  553. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
  554. <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
  555. </indexterm>
  556. </listitem>
  557. </varlistentry>
  558. <varlistentry id="mkdir">
  559. <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
  560. <listitem>
  561. <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
  562. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
  563. <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
  564. </indexterm>
  565. </listitem>
  566. </varlistentry>
  567. <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
  568. <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
  569. <listitem>
  570. <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
  571. pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
  572. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
  573. <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
  574. </indexterm>
  575. </listitem>
  576. </varlistentry>
  577. <varlistentry id="mknod">
  578. <term><command>mknod</command></term>
  579. <listitem>
  580. <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
  581. character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
  582. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
  583. <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
  584. </indexterm>
  585. </listitem>
  586. </varlistentry>
  587. <varlistentry id="mktemp">
  588. <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
  589. <listitem>
  590. <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
  591. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
  592. <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
  593. </indexterm>
  594. </listitem>
  595. </varlistentry>
  596. <varlistentry id="mv">
  597. <term><command>mv</command></term>
  598. <listitem>
  599. <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
  600. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
  601. <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
  602. </indexterm>
  603. </listitem>
  604. </varlistentry>
  605. <varlistentry id="nice">
  606. <term><command>nice</command></term>
  607. <listitem>
  608. <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
  609. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
  610. <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
  611. </indexterm>
  612. </listitem>
  613. </varlistentry>
  614. <varlistentry id="nl">
  615. <term><command>nl</command></term>
  616. <listitem>
  617. <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
  618. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
  619. <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
  620. </indexterm>
  621. </listitem>
  622. </varlistentry>
  623. <varlistentry id="nohup">
  624. <term><command>nohup</command></term>
  625. <listitem>
  626. <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
  627. a log file</para>
  628. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
  629. <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
  630. </indexterm>
  631. </listitem>
  632. </varlistentry>
  633. <varlistentry id="nproc">
  634. <term><command>nproc</command></term>
  635. <listitem>
  636. <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
  637. process</para>
  638. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
  639. <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
  640. </indexterm>
  641. </listitem>
  642. </varlistentry>
  643. <varlistentry id="numfmt">
  644. <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
  645. <listitem>
  646. <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
  647. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
  648. <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
  649. </indexterm>
  650. </listitem>
  651. </varlistentry>
  652. <varlistentry id="od">
  653. <term><command>od</command></term>
  654. <listitem>
  655. <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
  656. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
  657. <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
  658. </indexterm>
  659. </listitem>
  660. </varlistentry>
  661. <varlistentry id="paste">
  662. <term><command>paste</command></term>
  663. <listitem>
  664. <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
  665. side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
  666. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
  667. <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
  668. </indexterm>
  669. </listitem>
  670. </varlistentry>
  671. <varlistentry id="pathchk">
  672. <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
  673. <listitem>
  674. <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
  675. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
  676. <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
  677. </indexterm>
  678. </listitem>
  679. </varlistentry>
  680. <varlistentry id="pinky">
  681. <term><command>pinky</command></term>
  682. <listitem>
  683. <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
  684. about the given users</para>
  685. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
  686. <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
  687. </indexterm>
  688. </listitem>
  689. </varlistentry>
  690. <varlistentry id="pr">
  691. <term><command>pr</command></term>
  692. <listitem>
  693. <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
  694. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
  695. <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
  696. </indexterm>
  697. </listitem>
  698. </varlistentry>
  699. <varlistentry id="printenv">
  700. <term><command>printenv</command></term>
  701. <listitem>
  702. <para>Prints the environment</para>
  703. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
  704. <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
  705. </indexterm>
  706. </listitem>
  707. </varlistentry>
  708. <varlistentry id="printf">
  709. <term><command>printf</command></term>
  710. <listitem>
  711. <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
  712. like the C printf function</para>
  713. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
  714. <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
  715. </indexterm>
  716. </listitem>
  717. </varlistentry>
  718. <varlistentry id="ptx">
  719. <term><command>ptx</command></term>
  720. <listitem>
  721. <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
  722. with each keyword in its context</para>
  723. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
  724. <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
  725. </indexterm>
  726. </listitem>
  727. </varlistentry>
  728. <varlistentry id="pwd">
  729. <term><command>pwd</command></term>
  730. <listitem>
  731. <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
  732. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
  733. <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
  734. </indexterm>
  735. </listitem>
  736. </varlistentry>
  737. <varlistentry id="readlink">
  738. <term><command>readlink</command></term>
  739. <listitem>
  740. <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
  741. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
  742. <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
  743. </indexterm>
  744. </listitem>
  745. </varlistentry>
  746. <varlistentry id="realpath">
  747. <term><command>realpath</command></term>
  748. <listitem>
  749. <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
  750. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
  751. <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
  752. </indexterm>
  753. </listitem>
  754. </varlistentry>
  755. <varlistentry id="rm">
  756. <term><command>rm</command></term>
  757. <listitem>
  758. <para>Removes files or directories</para>
  759. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
  760. <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
  761. </indexterm>
  762. </listitem>
  763. </varlistentry>
  764. <varlistentry id="rmdir">
  765. <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
  766. <listitem>
  767. <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
  768. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
  769. <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
  770. </indexterm>
  771. </listitem>
  772. </varlistentry>
  773. <varlistentry id="runcon">
  774. <term><command>runcon</command></term>
  775. <listitem>
  776. <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
  777. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
  778. <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
  779. </indexterm>
  780. </listitem>
  781. </varlistentry>
  782. <varlistentry id="seq">
  783. <term><command>seq</command></term>
  784. <listitem>
  785. <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
  786. given increment</para>
  787. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
  788. <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
  789. </indexterm>
  790. </listitem>
  791. </varlistentry>
  792. <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
  793. <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
  794. <listitem>
  795. <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
  796. checksums</para>
  797. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
  798. <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
  799. </indexterm>
  800. </listitem>
  801. </varlistentry>
  802. <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
  803. <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
  804. <listitem>
  805. <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  806. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
  807. <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
  808. </indexterm>
  809. </listitem>
  810. </varlistentry>
  811. <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
  812. <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
  813. <listitem>
  814. <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  815. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
  816. <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
  817. </indexterm>
  818. </listitem>
  819. </varlistentry>
  820. <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
  821. <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
  822. <listitem>
  823. <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  824. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
  825. <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
  826. </indexterm>
  827. </listitem>
  828. </varlistentry>
  829. <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
  830. <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
  831. <listitem>
  832. <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  833. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
  834. <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
  835. </indexterm>
  836. </listitem>
  837. </varlistentry>
  838. <varlistentry id="shred">
  839. <term><command>shred</command></term>
  840. <listitem>
  841. <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
  842. making it difficult to recover the data</para>
  843. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
  844. <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
  845. </indexterm>
  846. </listitem>
  847. </varlistentry>
  848. <varlistentry id="shuf">
  849. <term><command>shuf</command></term>
  850. <listitem>
  851. <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
  852. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
  853. <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
  854. </indexterm>
  855. </listitem>
  856. </varlistentry>
  857. <varlistentry id="sleep">
  858. <term><command>sleep</command></term>
  859. <listitem>
  860. <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
  861. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
  862. <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
  863. </indexterm>
  864. </listitem>
  865. </varlistentry>
  866. <varlistentry id="sort">
  867. <term><command>sort</command></term>
  868. <listitem>
  869. <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
  870. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
  871. <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
  872. </indexterm>
  873. </listitem>
  874. </varlistentry>
  875. <varlistentry id="split">
  876. <term><command>split</command></term>
  877. <listitem>
  878. <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
  879. lines</para>
  880. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
  881. <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
  882. </indexterm>
  883. </listitem>
  884. </varlistentry>
  885. <varlistentry id="stat">
  886. <term><command>stat</command></term>
  887. <listitem>
  888. <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
  889. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
  890. <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
  891. </indexterm>
  892. </listitem>
  893. </varlistentry>
  894. <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
  895. <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
  896. <listitem>
  897. <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
  898. streams</para>
  899. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
  900. <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
  901. </indexterm>
  902. </listitem>
  903. </varlistentry>
  904. <varlistentry id="stty">
  905. <term><command>stty</command></term>
  906. <listitem>
  907. <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
  908. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
  909. <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
  910. </indexterm>
  911. </listitem>
  912. </varlistentry>
  913. <varlistentry id="sum">
  914. <term><command>sum</command></term>
  915. <listitem>
  916. <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
  917. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
  918. <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
  919. </indexterm>
  920. </listitem>
  921. </varlistentry>
  922. <varlistentry id="sync">
  923. <term><command>sync</command></term>
  924. <listitem>
  925. <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
  926. and updates the super block</para>
  927. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
  928. <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
  929. </indexterm>
  930. </listitem>
  931. </varlistentry>
  932. <varlistentry id="tac">
  933. <term><command>tac</command></term>
  934. <listitem>
  935. <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
  936. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
  937. <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
  938. </indexterm>
  939. </listitem>
  940. </varlistentry>
  941. <varlistentry id="tail">
  942. <term><command>tail</command></term>
  943. <listitem>
  944. <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
  945. given file</para>
  946. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
  947. <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
  948. </indexterm>
  949. </listitem>
  950. </varlistentry>
  951. <varlistentry id="tee">
  952. <term><command>tee</command></term>
  953. <listitem>
  954. <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
  955. and to the given files</para>
  956. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
  957. <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
  958. </indexterm>
  959. </listitem>
  960. </varlistentry>
  961. <varlistentry id="test">
  962. <term><command>test</command></term>
  963. <listitem>
  964. <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
  965. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
  966. <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
  967. </indexterm>
  968. </listitem>
  969. </varlistentry>
  970. <varlistentry id="timeout">
  971. <term><command>timeout</command></term>
  972. <listitem>
  973. <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
  974. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
  975. <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
  976. </indexterm>
  977. </listitem>
  978. </varlistentry>
  979. <varlistentry id="touch">
  980. <term><command>touch</command></term>
  981. <listitem>
  982. <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
  983. times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
  984. are created with zero length</para>
  985. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
  986. <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
  987. </indexterm>
  988. </listitem>
  989. </varlistentry>
  990. <varlistentry id="tr">
  991. <term><command>tr</command></term>
  992. <listitem>
  993. <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
  994. standard input</para>
  995. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
  996. <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
  997. </indexterm>
  998. </listitem>
  999. </varlistentry>
  1000. <varlistentry id="true">
  1001. <term><command>true</command></term>
  1002. <listitem>
  1003. <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
  1004. indicating success</para>
  1005. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
  1006. <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
  1007. </indexterm>
  1008. </listitem>
  1009. </varlistentry>
  1010. <varlistentry id="truncate">
  1011. <term><command>truncate</command></term>
  1012. <listitem>
  1013. <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
  1014. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
  1015. <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
  1016. </indexterm>
  1017. </listitem>
  1018. </varlistentry>
  1019. <varlistentry id="tsort">
  1020. <term><command>tsort</command></term>
  1021. <listitem>
  1022. <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
  1023. according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
  1024. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
  1025. <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
  1026. </indexterm>
  1027. </listitem>
  1028. </varlistentry>
  1029. <varlistentry id="tty">
  1030. <term><command>tty</command></term>
  1031. <listitem>
  1032. <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
  1033. input</para>
  1034. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
  1035. <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
  1036. </indexterm>
  1037. </listitem>
  1038. </varlistentry>
  1039. <varlistentry id="uname">
  1040. <term><command>uname</command></term>
  1041. <listitem>
  1042. <para>Reports system information</para>
  1043. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
  1044. <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
  1045. </indexterm>
  1046. </listitem>
  1047. </varlistentry>
  1048. <varlistentry id="unexpand">
  1049. <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
  1050. <listitem>
  1051. <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
  1052. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
  1053. <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
  1054. </indexterm>
  1055. </listitem>
  1056. </varlistentry>
  1057. <varlistentry id="uniq">
  1058. <term><command>uniq</command></term>
  1059. <listitem>
  1060. <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
  1061. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
  1062. <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
  1063. </indexterm>
  1064. </listitem>
  1065. </varlistentry>
  1066. <varlistentry id="unlink">
  1067. <term><command>unlink</command></term>
  1068. <listitem>
  1069. <para>Removes the given file</para>
  1070. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
  1071. <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
  1072. </indexterm>
  1073. </listitem>
  1074. </varlistentry>
  1075. <varlistentry id="users">
  1076. <term><command>users</command></term>
  1077. <listitem>
  1078. <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
  1079. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
  1080. <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
  1081. </indexterm>
  1082. </listitem>
  1083. </varlistentry>
  1084. <varlistentry id="vdir">
  1085. <term><command>vdir</command></term>
  1086. <listitem>
  1087. <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
  1088. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
  1089. <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
  1090. </indexterm>
  1091. </listitem>
  1092. </varlistentry>
  1093. <varlistentry id="wc">
  1094. <term><command>wc</command></term>
  1095. <listitem>
  1096. <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
  1097. file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
  1098. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
  1099. <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
  1100. </indexterm>
  1101. </listitem>
  1102. </varlistentry>
  1103. <varlistentry id="who">
  1104. <term><command>who</command></term>
  1105. <listitem>
  1106. <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
  1107. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
  1108. <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
  1109. </indexterm>
  1110. </listitem>
  1111. </varlistentry>
  1112. <varlistentry id="whoami">
  1113. <term><command>whoami</command></term>
  1114. <listitem>
  1115. <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
  1116. user ID</para>
  1117. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
  1118. <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
  1119. </indexterm>
  1120. </listitem>
  1121. </varlistentry>
  1122. <varlistentry id="yes">
  1123. <term><command>yes</command></term>
  1124. <listitem>
  1125. <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
  1126. killed</para>
  1127. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
  1128. <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
  1129. </indexterm>
  1130. </listitem>
  1131. </varlistentry>
  1132. <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
  1133. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
  1134. <listitem>
  1135. <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
  1136. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
  1137. <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
  1138. </indexterm>
  1139. </listitem>
  1140. </varlistentry>
  1141. </variablelist>
  1142. </sect2>
  1143. </sect1>