lfs-book/chapter06/creatingdirs.xml

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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  %general-entities;
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<sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
<title>Creating Directories</title>
<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>

<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system.
Create a directory tree. Issuing the following commands will create a
standard tree:</para>
 
<screen><userinput>install -d /{bin,boot,dev,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt}
install -d /{sbin,srv,usr/local,var,opt}
install -d /root -m 0750
install -d /tmp /var/tmp -m 1777
install -d /media/{floppy,cdrom}
install -d /usr/{bin,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
ln -s share/{man,doc,info} /usr
install -d /usr/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
install -d /usr/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
install -d /usr/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
install -d /usr/local/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
ln -s share/{man,doc,info} /usr/local
install -d /usr/local/share/{doc,info,locale,man}
install -d /usr/local/share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
install -d /usr/local/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
install -d /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
install -d /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
install -d /opt/{bin,doc,include,info}
install -d /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}}</userinput></screen>

<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755,
but this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above,
two changes are made&mdash;one to the home directory of user
<emphasis>root</emphasis>, and another to the directories for
temporary files.</para>

<para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory&mdash;the same
as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The second
mode change makes sure that any user can write to the <filename
class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
other users' files from them. The latter is prohibited by the
so-called <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777
bit mask.</para>

<sect2>
<title>FHS Compliance Note</title>

<para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
(FHS) standard (available at <ulink
url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). Besides the tree created above,
this standard stipulates the existence of <filename
class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>.  We do not recommend
these for a base system, however, feel free to make the system
FHS-compliant.  The FHS is not precise as to the structure of the
<filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename> subdirectory,
so we created only the directories that are needed.</para>

</sect2>

</sect1>