glibc.xml 35 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
  9. <sect1info condition="script">
  10. <productname>glibc</productname>
  11. <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
  12. <address>&glibc-url;</address>
  13. </sect1info>
  14. <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
  15. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
  16. <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
  17. </indexterm>
  18. <sect2 role="package">
  19. <title/>
  20. <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
  21. the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
  22. closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
  23. arithmetic, and so on.</para>
  24. <segmentedlist>
  25. <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  26. <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  27. <seglistitem>
  28. <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  29. <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
  30. </seglistitem>
  31. </segmentedlist>
  32. </sect2>
  33. <sect2 role="installation">
  34. <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
  35. <note>
  36. <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
  37. order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
  38. home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
  39. <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
  40. implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
  41. implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
  42. an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
  43. Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
  44. </note>
  45. <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
  46. perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
  47. pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
  48. and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
  49. Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
  50. of achieving a clean build.</para>
  51. <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
  52. directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
  53. <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
  54. cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
  55. <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
  56. <screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure \
  57. --prefix=/usr \
  58. --disable-profile \
  59. --enable-kernel=2.6.34 \
  60. --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
  61. <variablelist>
  62. <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
  63. <varlistentry>
  64. <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
  65. <listitem>
  66. <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
  67. program from its default of <filename
  68. class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
  69. class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
  70. </listitem>
  71. </varlistentry>
  72. </variablelist>
  73. <para>Compile the package:</para>
  74. <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
  75. <important>
  76. <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
  77. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
  78. </important>
  79. <para>Generally a few tests do not pass, but you can generally ignore
  80. any of the test failures listed below. Now test the build results:</para>
  81. <screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
  82. grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
  83. <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
  84. <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> and
  85. <emphasis>conform/run-conformtest</emphasis> tests. In addition the Glibc
  86. test suite is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the
  87. most common issues:</para>
  88. <itemizedlist>
  89. <listitem>
  90. <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
  91. <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
  92. <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
  93. <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
  94. tests have been known to fail. The
  95. reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
  96. timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
  97. </listitem>
  98. <listitem>
  99. <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
  100. systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
  101. authentic AMD processor.</para>
  102. </listitem>
  103. <listitem>
  104. <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
  105. load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
  106. Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
  107. help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
  108. make -k check</command>).</para>
  109. </listitem>
  110. <listitem>
  111. <para>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4 will always fail due to not having a network
  112. connection when the test is run.</para>
  113. </listitem>
  114. <listitem>
  115. <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
  116. misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
  117. </listitem>
  118. </itemizedlist>
  119. <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
  120. complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
  121. Prevent this warning with:</para>
  122. <screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
  123. <para>Install the package:</para>
  124. <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
  125. <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
  126. default; these are required to rebuild glibc and by several BLFS
  127. packages:</para>
  128. <screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
  129. cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc
  130. cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nis/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc</userinput></screen>
  131. <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
  132. were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
  133. but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
  134. skip important testcases.</para>
  135. <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
  136. <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
  137. <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
  138. <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
  139. charset-independent locale definition with the
  140. <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
  141. charmap definition and appends the result to the
  142. <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
  143. The following instructions will install the minimum set of
  144. locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
  145. <screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
  146. localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
  147. localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
  148. localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
  149. localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
  150. localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
  151. localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
  152. localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
  153. localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
  154. localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
  155. localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
  156. localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
  157. localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
  158. localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
  159. localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
  160. localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
  161. localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
  162. localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
  163. localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
  164. localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
  165. localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
  166. localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
  167. <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
  168. character set.</para>
  169. <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
  170. <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
  171. (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
  172. following time-consuming command:</para>
  173. <screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
  174. <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
  175. install locales not listed in the
  176. <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
  177. in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
  178. </sect2>
  179. <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
  180. <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
  181. <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
  182. <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
  183. </indexterm>
  184. <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
  185. <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
  186. </indexterm>
  187. <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
  188. because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
  189. the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
  190. also needs to be configured.</para>
  191. <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
  192. following:</para>
  193. <screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
  194. <literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
  195. passwd: files
  196. group: files
  197. shadow: files
  198. hosts: files dns
  199. networks: files
  200. protocols: files
  201. services: files
  202. ethers: files
  203. rpc: files
  204. # End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
  205. EOF</userinput></screen>
  206. <para>Install timezone data:</para>
  207. <screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
  208. ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
  209. mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
  210. for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
  211. asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 \
  212. systemv; do
  213. zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
  214. zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
  215. zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
  216. done
  217. cp -v zone.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
  218. zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
  219. unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
  220. <variablelist>
  221. <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
  222. <varlistentry>
  223. <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
  224. <listitem>
  225. <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
  226. conventional to put these in both
  227. <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
  228. <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
  229. necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
  230. <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
  231. test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
  232. tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
  233. 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
  234. directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
  235. results</para>
  236. </listitem>
  237. </varlistentry>
  238. <varlistentry>
  239. <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
  240. <listitem>
  241. <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
  242. embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
  243. ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
  244. save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
  245. directory.</para>
  246. </listitem>
  247. </varlistentry>
  248. <varlistentry>
  249. <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
  250. <listitem>
  251. <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
  252. New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
  253. to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
  254. </listitem>
  255. </varlistentry>
  256. </variablelist>
  257. <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
  258. script:</para>
  259. <screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
  260. <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
  261. output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
  262. <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
  263. timezones listed in <filename
  264. class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
  265. <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
  266. are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
  267. <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
  268. running:</para>
  269. <screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
  270. /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
  271. <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
  272. time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
  273. <variablelist>
  274. <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
  275. <varlistentry>
  276. <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
  277. <listitem>
  278. <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
  279. link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
  280. cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
  281. is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
  282. single user mode.</para>
  283. </listitem>
  284. </varlistentry>
  285. </variablelist>
  286. </sect2>
  287. <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
  288. <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
  289. <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
  290. <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
  291. </indexterm>
  292. <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
  293. class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
  294. <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
  295. class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
  296. needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
  297. directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
  298. <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
  299. to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
  300. dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
  301. to contain additional libraries are <filename
  302. class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
  303. class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
  304. dynamic loader's search path.</para>
  305. <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
  306. following:</para>
  307. <screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
  308. <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
  309. /usr/local/lib
  310. /opt/lib
  311. </literal>
  312. EOF</userinput></screen>
  313. <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
  314. include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
  315. this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
  316. To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
  317. <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
  318. <literal># Add an include directory
  319. include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
  320. </literal>
  321. EOF
  322. mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
  323. </sect2>
  324. <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
  325. <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
  326. <segmentedlist>
  327. <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
  328. <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
  329. <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
  330. <seglistitem>
  331. <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
  332. ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
  333. pldd, pt_chown, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
  334. zdump, and zic</seg>
  335. <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
  336. libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
  337. libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
  338. libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
  339. libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
  340. libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
  341. libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
  342. libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
  343. <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
  344. /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
  345. /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
  346. /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
  347. /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
  348. /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
  349. /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc,
  350. /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo, /var/db</seg>
  351. </seglistitem>
  352. </segmentedlist>
  353. <variablelist>
  354. <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
  355. <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
  356. <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
  357. <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
  358. <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
  359. <listitem>
  360. <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
  361. terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
  362. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
  363. <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
  364. </indexterm>
  365. </listitem>
  366. </varlistentry>
  367. <varlistentry id="gencat">
  368. <term><command>gencat</command></term>
  369. <listitem>
  370. <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
  371. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
  372. <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
  373. </indexterm>
  374. </listitem>
  375. </varlistentry>
  376. <varlistentry id="getconf">
  377. <term><command>getconf</command></term>
  378. <listitem>
  379. <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
  380. specific variables</para>
  381. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
  382. <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
  383. </indexterm>
  384. </listitem>
  385. </varlistentry>
  386. <varlistentry id="getent">
  387. <term><command>getent</command></term>
  388. <listitem>
  389. <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
  390. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
  391. <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
  392. </indexterm>
  393. </listitem>
  394. </varlistentry>
  395. <varlistentry id="iconv">
  396. <term><command>iconv</command></term>
  397. <listitem>
  398. <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
  399. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
  400. <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
  401. </indexterm>
  402. </listitem>
  403. </varlistentry>
  404. <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
  405. <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
  406. <listitem>
  407. <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
  408. files</para>
  409. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
  410. <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
  411. </indexterm>
  412. </listitem>
  413. </varlistentry>
  414. <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
  415. <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
  416. <listitem>
  417. <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
  418. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
  419. <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
  420. </indexterm>
  421. </listitem>
  422. </varlistentry>
  423. <varlistentry id="ldd">
  424. <term><command>ldd</command></term>
  425. <listitem>
  426. <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
  427. by each given program or shared library</para>
  428. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
  429. <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
  430. </indexterm>
  431. </listitem>
  432. </varlistentry>
  433. <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
  434. <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
  435. <listitem>
  436. <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
  437. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
  438. <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
  439. </indexterm>
  440. </listitem>
  441. </varlistentry>
  442. <varlistentry id="locale">
  443. <term><command>locale</command></term>
  444. <listitem>
  445. <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
  446. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
  447. <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
  448. </indexterm>
  449. </listitem>
  450. </varlistentry>
  451. <varlistentry id="localedef">
  452. <term><command>localedef</command></term>
  453. <listitem>
  454. <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
  455. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
  456. <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
  457. </indexterm>
  458. </listitem>
  459. </varlistentry>
  460. <varlistentry id="makedb">
  461. <term><command>makedb</command></term>
  462. <listitem>
  463. <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
  464. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
  465. <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
  466. </indexterm>
  467. </listitem>
  468. </varlistentry>
  469. <varlistentry id="mtrace">
  470. <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
  471. <listitem>
  472. <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
  473. in human-readable format</para>
  474. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
  475. <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
  476. </indexterm>
  477. </listitem>
  478. </varlistentry>
  479. <varlistentry id="nscd">
  480. <term><command>nscd</command></term>
  481. <listitem>
  482. <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
  483. service requests</para>
  484. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
  485. <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
  486. </indexterm>
  487. </listitem>
  488. </varlistentry>
  489. <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
  490. <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
  491. <listitem>
  492. <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
  493. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
  494. <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
  495. </indexterm>
  496. </listitem>
  497. </varlistentry>
  498. <varlistentry id="pldd">
  499. <term><command>pldd</command></term>
  500. <listitem>
  501. <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
  502. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
  503. <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
  504. </indexterm>
  505. </listitem>
  506. </varlistentry>
  507. <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
  508. <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
  509. <listitem>
  510. <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
  511. group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
  512. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
  513. <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
  514. </indexterm>
  515. </listitem>
  516. </varlistentry>
  517. <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
  518. <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
  519. <listitem>
  520. <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
  521. protocol</para>
  522. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
  523. <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
  524. </indexterm>
  525. </listitem>
  526. </varlistentry>
  527. <varlistentry id="sln">
  528. <term><command>sln</command></term>
  529. <listitem>
  530. <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
  531. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
  532. <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
  533. </indexterm>
  534. </listitem>
  535. </varlistentry>
  536. <varlistentry id="sotruss">
  537. <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
  538. <listitem>
  539. <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
  540. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
  541. <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
  542. </indexterm>
  543. </listitem>
  544. </varlistentry>
  545. <varlistentry id="sprof">
  546. <term><command>sprof</command></term>
  547. <listitem>
  548. <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
  549. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
  550. <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
  551. </indexterm>
  552. </listitem>
  553. </varlistentry>
  554. <varlistentry id="tzselect">
  555. <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
  556. <listitem>
  557. <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
  558. the corresponding time zone description</para>
  559. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
  560. <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
  561. </indexterm>
  562. </listitem>
  563. </varlistentry>
  564. <varlistentry id="xtrace">
  565. <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
  566. <listitem>
  567. <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
  568. executed function</para>
  569. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
  570. <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
  571. </indexterm>
  572. </listitem>
  573. </varlistentry>
  574. <varlistentry id="zdump">
  575. <term><command>zdump</command></term>
  576. <listitem>
  577. <para>The time zone dumper</para>
  578. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
  579. <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
  580. </indexterm>
  581. </listitem>
  582. </varlistentry>
  583. <varlistentry id="zic">
  584. <term><command>zic</command></term>
  585. <listitem>
  586. <para>The time zone compiler</para>
  587. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
  588. <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
  589. </indexterm>
  590. </listitem>
  591. </varlistentry>
  592. <varlistentry id="ld.so">
  593. <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
  594. <listitem>
  595. <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
  596. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
  597. <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
  598. </indexterm>
  599. </listitem>
  600. </varlistentry>
  601. <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
  602. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
  603. <listitem>
  604. <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
  605. (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
  606. <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
  607. for more information</para>
  608. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
  609. <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
  610. </indexterm>
  611. </listitem>
  612. </varlistentry>
  613. <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
  614. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
  615. <listitem>
  616. <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
  617. <command>catchsegv</command></para>
  618. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
  619. <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
  620. </indexterm>
  621. </listitem>
  622. </varlistentry>
  623. <varlistentry id="libanl">
  624. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
  625. <listitem>
  626. <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
  627. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
  628. <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
  629. </indexterm>
  630. </listitem>
  631. </varlistentry>
  632. <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
  633. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
  634. <listitem>
  635. <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
  636. Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
  637. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
  638. <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
  639. </indexterm>
  640. </listitem>
  641. </varlistentry>
  642. <varlistentry id="libc">
  643. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
  644. <listitem>
  645. <para>The main C library</para>
  646. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
  647. <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
  648. </indexterm>
  649. </listitem>
  650. </varlistentry>
  651. <varlistentry id="libcidn">
  652. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
  653. <listitem>
  654. <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
  655. names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
  656. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
  657. <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
  658. </indexterm>
  659. </listitem>
  660. </varlistentry>
  661. <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
  662. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
  663. <listitem>
  664. <para>The cryptography library</para>
  665. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
  666. <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
  667. </indexterm>
  668. </listitem>
  669. </varlistentry>
  670. <varlistentry id="libdl">
  671. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
  672. <listitem>
  673. <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
  674. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
  675. <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
  676. </indexterm>
  677. </listitem>
  678. </varlistentry>
  679. <varlistentry id="libg">
  680. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
  681. <listitem>
  682. <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
  683. library for <command>g++</command></para>
  684. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
  685. <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
  686. </indexterm>
  687. </listitem>
  688. </varlistentry>
  689. <varlistentry id="libieee">
  690. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
  691. <listitem>
  692. <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
  693. functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
  694. Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
  695. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
  696. <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
  697. </indexterm>
  698. </listitem>
  699. </varlistentry>
  700. <varlistentry id="libm">
  701. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
  702. <listitem>
  703. <para>The mathematical library</para>
  704. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
  705. <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
  706. </indexterm>
  707. </listitem>
  708. </varlistentry>
  709. <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
  710. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
  711. <listitem>
  712. <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
  713. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
  714. <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
  715. </indexterm>
  716. </listitem>
  717. </varlistentry>
  718. <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
  719. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
  720. <listitem>
  721. <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
  722. information about the memory usage of a program</para>
  723. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
  724. <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
  725. </indexterm>
  726. </listitem>
  727. </varlistentry>
  728. <varlistentry id="libnsl">
  729. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
  730. <listitem>
  731. <para>The network services library</para>
  732. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
  733. <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
  734. </indexterm>
  735. </listitem>
  736. </varlistentry>
  737. <varlistentry id="libnss">
  738. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
  739. <listitem>
  740. <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
  741. resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
  742. protocols, etc.</para>
  743. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
  744. <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
  745. </indexterm>
  746. </listitem>
  747. </varlistentry>
  748. <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
  749. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
  750. <listitem>
  751. <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
  752. time spent in specific source code lines</para>
  753. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
  754. <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
  755. </indexterm>
  756. </listitem>
  757. </varlistentry>
  758. <varlistentry id="libpthread">
  759. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
  760. <listitem>
  761. <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
  762. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
  763. <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
  764. </indexterm>
  765. </listitem>
  766. </varlistentry>
  767. <varlistentry id="libresolv">
  768. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
  769. <listitem>
  770. <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
  771. packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
  772. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
  773. <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
  774. </indexterm>
  775. </listitem>
  776. </varlistentry>
  777. <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
  778. <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
  779. <listitem>
  780. <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
  781. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
  782. <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
  783. </indexterm>
  784. </listitem>
  785. </varlistentry>
  786. <varlistentry id="librt">
  787. <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
  788. <listitem>
  789. <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
  790. by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
  791. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
  792. <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
  793. </indexterm>
  794. </listitem>
  795. </varlistentry>
  796. <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
  797. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
  798. <listitem>
  799. <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
  800. multi-threaded programs</para>
  801. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
  802. <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
  803. </indexterm>
  804. </listitem>
  805. </varlistentry>
  806. <varlistentry id="libutil">
  807. <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
  808. <listitem>
  809. <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
  810. many different Unix utilities</para>
  811. <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
  812. <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
  813. </indexterm>
  814. </listitem>
  815. </varlistentry>
  816. </variablelist>
  817. </sect2>
  818. </sect1>