adjusting.xml 5.1 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-system-adjusting">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="adjusting.html"?>
  9. <title>Adjusting the Toolchain</title>
  10. <para>Now that the final C libraries have been installed, it is time to adjust
  11. the toolchain so that it will link any
  12. newly compiled program against these new libraries.</para>
  13. <para>First, backup the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> linker,
  14. and replace it with the adjusted linker we made in chapter 5. We'll also create
  15. a link to its counterpart in
  16. <filename class="directory">/tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename>:</para>
  17. <screen><userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
  18. mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}
  19. mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
  20. ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput></screen>
  21. <para>Next, amend the GCC specs file so that it points to the new
  22. dynamic linker. Simply deleting all instances of <quote>/tools</quote> should
  23. leave us with the correct path to the dynamic linker. Also adjust the specs file
  24. so that GCC knows where to find the correct headers and Glibc start files.
  25. A <command>sed</command> command accomplishes this:</para>
  26. <screen><userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \
  27. -e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
  28. -e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' &gt; \
  29. `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput></screen>
  30. <para>It is a good idea to visually inspect the specs file to verify the
  31. intended change was actually made.</para>
  32. <para>It is imperative at this point to ensure that the basic
  33. functions (compiling and linking) of the adjusted toolchain are working
  34. as expected. To do this, perform the following sanity checks:</para>
  35. <screen os="a"><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
  36. cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &amp;&gt; dummy.log
  37. readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput></screen>
  38. <para os="b">There should be no errors,
  39. and the output of the last command will be (allowing for
  40. platform-specific differences in dynamic linker name):</para>
  41. <screen os="c"><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
  42. <para>Note that on 64-bit systems <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> is
  43. the location of our dynamic linker, but is accessed via a symbolic link
  44. in /lib64.</para>
  45. <note><para>On 32-bit systems the interpreter should be
  46. /lib/ld-linux.so.2.</para></note>
  47. <para os="d">Now make sure that we're setup to use the correct start files:</para>
  48. <screen os="e"><userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
  49. <para os="f">The output of the last command should be:</para>
  50. <screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded
  51. /usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded
  52. /usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
  53. <para os="g">Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header
  54. files:</para>
  55. <screen><userinput>grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
  56. <para os="h">This command should return the following output:</para>
  57. <screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
  58. /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
  59. <para os="i">Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:</para>
  60. <screen os="j"><userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'</userinput></screen>
  61. <para os="k">References to paths that have components with '-linux-gnu' should
  62. be ignored, but otherwise the output of the last command should be:</para>
  63. <screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib")
  64. SEARCH_DIR("/lib")</computeroutput></screen>
  65. <para os="l">Next make sure that we're using the correct libc:</para>
  66. <screen os="m"><userinput>grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log</userinput></screen>
  67. <para os="n">The output of the last command should be:</para>
  68. <screen os="o"><computeroutput>attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
  69. <para os="p">Lastly, make sure GCC is using the correct dynamic linker:</para>
  70. <screen os="q"><userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput></screen>
  71. <para os="r">The output of the last command should be (allowing for
  72. platform-specific differences in dynamic linker name):</para>
  73. <screen os="s"><computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput></screen>
  74. <para os="t">If the output does not appear as shown above or is not received
  75. at all, then something is seriously wrong. Investigate and retrace the
  76. steps to find out where the problem is and correct it. The most likely
  77. reason is that something went wrong with the specs file adjustment. Any
  78. issues will need to be resolved before continuing with the process.</para>
  79. <para os="u">Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test files:</para>
  80. <screen os="v"><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput></screen>
  81. </sect1>