coreutils.xml 41 KB

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
  9. <sect1info condition="script">
  10. <productname>coreutils</productname>
  11. <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
  12. <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
  13. </sect1info>
  14. <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
  15. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
  16. <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
  17. </indexterm>
  18. <sect2 role="package">
  19. <title/>
  20. <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
  21. basic system characteristics.</para>
  22. <segmentedlist>
  23. <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  24. <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  25. <seglistitem>
  26. <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  27. <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
  28. </seglistitem>
  29. </segmentedlist>
  30. </sect2>
  31. <sect2 role="installation">
  32. <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
  33. <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
  34. this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
  35. returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
  36. fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
  37. <screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
  38. i?86 | x86_64) patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch; ;;
  39. esac</userinput></screen>
  40. <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
  41. boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
  42. fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
  43. <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
  44. <note>
  45. <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
  46. bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
  47. without this patch.</para>
  48. </note>
  49. <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
  50. <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
  51. --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
  52. <variablelist>
  53. <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
  54. <varlistentry>
  55. <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
  56. <listitem>
  57. <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
  58. installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
  59. </para>
  60. </listitem>
  61. </varlistentry>
  62. </variablelist>
  63. <para>Compile the package:</para>
  64. <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
  65. <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
  66. package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
  67. <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
  68. meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
  69. <screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
  70. <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
  71. <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
  72. however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
  73. these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
  74. user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
  75. <screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
  76. <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
  77. run the tests:</para>
  78. <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
  79. <para>Now run the tests:</para>
  80. <screen><userinput remap="test">su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
  81. <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
  82. <screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
  83. <para>Install the package:</para>
  84. <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
  85. <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
  86. <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
  87. mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
  88. mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
  89. mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
  90. <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
  91. <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
  92. <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
  93. may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
  94. need to be on the root partition:</para>
  95. <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
  96. </sect2>
  97. <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
  98. <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
  99. <segmentedlist>
  100. <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
  101. <seglistitem>
  102. <seg>base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
  103. comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
  104. env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
  105. id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
  106. mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
  107. printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum,
  108. sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort,
  109. split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout,
  110. touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
  111. users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
  112. </seglistitem>
  113. </segmentedlist>
  114. <variablelist>
  115. <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
  116. <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
  117. <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
  118. <varlistentry id="base64">
  119. <term><command>base64</command></term>
  120. <listitem>
  121. <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
  122. specification</para>
  123. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
  124. <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
  125. </indexterm>
  126. </listitem>
  127. </varlistentry>
  128. <varlistentry id="basename">
  129. <term><command>basename</command></term>
  130. <listitem>
  131. <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
  132. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
  133. <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
  134. </indexterm>
  135. </listitem>
  136. </varlistentry>
  137. <varlistentry id="cat">
  138. <term><command>cat</command></term>
  139. <listitem>
  140. <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
  141. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
  142. <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
  143. </indexterm>
  144. </listitem>
  145. </varlistentry>
  146. <varlistentry id="chcon">
  147. <term><command>chcon</command></term>
  148. <listitem>
  149. <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
  150. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
  151. <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
  152. </indexterm>
  153. </listitem>
  154. </varlistentry>
  155. <varlistentry id="chgrp">
  156. <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
  157. <listitem>
  158. <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
  159. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
  160. <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
  161. </indexterm>
  162. </listitem>
  163. </varlistentry>
  164. <varlistentry id="chmod">
  165. <term><command>chmod</command></term>
  166. <listitem>
  167. <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
  168. can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
  169. octal number representing the new permissions</para>
  170. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
  171. <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
  172. </indexterm>
  173. </listitem>
  174. </varlistentry>
  175. <varlistentry id="chown">
  176. <term><command>chown</command></term>
  177. <listitem>
  178. <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
  179. directories</para>
  180. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
  181. <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
  182. </indexterm>
  183. </listitem>
  184. </varlistentry>
  185. <varlistentry id="chroot">
  186. <term><command>chroot</command></term>
  187. <listitem>
  188. <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
  189. <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
  190. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
  191. <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
  192. </indexterm>
  193. </listitem>
  194. </varlistentry>
  195. <varlistentry id="cksum">
  196. <term><command>cksum</command></term>
  197. <listitem>
  198. <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
  199. counts of each specified file</para>
  200. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
  201. <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
  202. </indexterm>
  203. </listitem>
  204. </varlistentry>
  205. <varlistentry id="comm">
  206. <term><command>comm</command></term>
  207. <listitem>
  208. <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
  209. that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
  210. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
  211. <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
  212. </indexterm>
  213. </listitem>
  214. </varlistentry>
  215. <varlistentry id="cp">
  216. <term><command>cp</command></term>
  217. <listitem>
  218. <para>Copies files</para>
  219. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
  220. <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
  221. </indexterm>
  222. </listitem>
  223. </varlistentry>
  224. <varlistentry id="csplit">
  225. <term><command>csplit</command></term>
  226. <listitem>
  227. <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
  228. according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
  229. count of each new file</para>
  230. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
  231. <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
  232. </indexterm>
  233. </listitem>
  234. </varlistentry>
  235. <varlistentry id="cut">
  236. <term><command>cut</command></term>
  237. <listitem>
  238. <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
  239. fields or positions</para>
  240. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
  241. <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
  242. </indexterm>
  243. </listitem>
  244. </varlistentry>
  245. <varlistentry id="date">
  246. <term><command>date</command></term>
  247. <listitem>
  248. <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
  249. system date</para>
  250. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
  251. <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
  252. </indexterm>
  253. </listitem>
  254. </varlistentry>
  255. <varlistentry id="dd">
  256. <term><command>dd</command> </term>
  257. <listitem>
  258. <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
  259. optionally performing conversions on it</para>
  260. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
  261. <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
  262. </indexterm>
  263. </listitem>
  264. </varlistentry>
  265. <varlistentry id="df">
  266. <term><command>df</command></term>
  267. <listitem>
  268. <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
  269. mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
  270. files</para>
  271. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
  272. <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
  273. </indexterm>
  274. </listitem>
  275. </varlistentry>
  276. <varlistentry id="dir">
  277. <term><command>dir</command></term>
  278. <listitem>
  279. <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
  280. the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
  281. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
  282. <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
  283. </indexterm>
  284. </listitem>
  285. </varlistentry>
  286. <varlistentry id="dircolors">
  287. <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
  288. <listitem>
  289. <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
  290. environment variable to change the color scheme used by
  291. <command>ls</command></para>
  292. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
  293. <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
  294. </indexterm>
  295. </listitem>
  296. </varlistentry>
  297. <varlistentry id="dirname">
  298. <term><command>dirname</command></term>
  299. <listitem>
  300. <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
  301. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
  302. <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
  303. </indexterm>
  304. </listitem>
  305. </varlistentry>
  306. <varlistentry id="du">
  307. <term><command>du</command></term>
  308. <listitem>
  309. <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
  310. by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
  311. each of the given files</para>
  312. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
  313. <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
  314. </indexterm>
  315. </listitem>
  316. </varlistentry>
  317. <varlistentry id="echo">
  318. <term><command>echo</command></term>
  319. <listitem>
  320. <para>Displays the given strings</para>
  321. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
  322. <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
  323. </indexterm>
  324. </listitem>
  325. </varlistentry>
  326. <varlistentry id="env">
  327. <term><command>env</command></term>
  328. <listitem>
  329. <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
  330. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
  331. <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
  332. </indexterm>
  333. </listitem>
  334. </varlistentry>
  335. <varlistentry id="expand">
  336. <term><command>expand</command></term>
  337. <listitem>
  338. <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
  339. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
  340. <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
  341. </indexterm>
  342. </listitem>
  343. </varlistentry>
  344. <varlistentry id="expr">
  345. <term><command>expr</command></term>
  346. <listitem>
  347. <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
  348. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
  349. <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
  350. </indexterm>
  351. </listitem>
  352. </varlistentry>
  353. <varlistentry id="factor">
  354. <term><command>factor</command></term>
  355. <listitem>
  356. <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
  357. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
  358. <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
  359. </indexterm>
  360. </listitem>
  361. </varlistentry>
  362. <varlistentry id="false">
  363. <term><command>false</command></term>
  364. <listitem>
  365. <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
  366. indicating failure</para>
  367. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
  368. <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
  369. </indexterm>
  370. </listitem>
  371. </varlistentry>
  372. <varlistentry id="fmt">
  373. <term><command>fmt</command></term>
  374. <listitem>
  375. <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
  376. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
  377. <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
  378. </indexterm>
  379. </listitem>
  380. </varlistentry>
  381. <varlistentry id="fold">
  382. <term><command>fold</command></term>
  383. <listitem>
  384. <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
  385. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
  386. <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
  387. </indexterm>
  388. </listitem>
  389. </varlistentry>
  390. <varlistentry id="groups">
  391. <term><command>groups</command></term>
  392. <listitem>
  393. <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
  394. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
  395. <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
  396. </indexterm>
  397. </listitem>
  398. </varlistentry>
  399. <varlistentry id="head">
  400. <term><command>head</command></term>
  401. <listitem>
  402. <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
  403. of each given file</para>
  404. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
  405. <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
  406. </indexterm>
  407. </listitem>
  408. </varlistentry>
  409. <varlistentry id="hostid">
  410. <term><command>hostid</command></term>
  411. <listitem>
  412. <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
  413. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
  414. <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
  415. </indexterm>
  416. </listitem>
  417. </varlistentry>
  418. <varlistentry id="id">
  419. <term><command>id</command></term>
  420. <listitem>
  421. <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
  422. of the current user or specified user</para>
  423. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
  424. <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
  425. </indexterm>
  426. </listitem>
  427. </varlistentry>
  428. <varlistentry id="install">
  429. <term><command>install</command> </term>
  430. <listitem>
  431. <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
  432. possible, their owner and group</para>
  433. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
  434. <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
  435. </indexterm>
  436. </listitem>
  437. </varlistentry>
  438. <varlistentry id="join">
  439. <term><command>join</command></term>
  440. <listitem>
  441. <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
  442. separate files</para>
  443. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
  444. <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
  445. </indexterm>
  446. </listitem>
  447. </varlistentry>
  448. <varlistentry id="link">
  449. <term><command>link</command></term>
  450. <listitem>
  451. <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
  452. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
  453. <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
  454. </indexterm>
  455. </listitem>
  456. </varlistentry>
  457. <varlistentry id="ln">
  458. <term><command>ln</command></term>
  459. <listitem>
  460. <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
  461. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
  462. <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
  463. </indexterm>
  464. </listitem>
  465. </varlistentry>
  466. <varlistentry id="logname">
  467. <term><command>logname</command></term>
  468. <listitem>
  469. <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
  470. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
  471. <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
  472. </indexterm>
  473. </listitem>
  474. </varlistentry>
  475. <varlistentry id="ls">
  476. <term><command>ls</command></term>
  477. <listitem>
  478. <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
  479. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
  480. <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
  481. </indexterm>
  482. </listitem>
  483. </varlistentry>
  484. <varlistentry id="md5sum">
  485. <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
  486. <listitem>
  487. <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
  488. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
  489. <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
  490. </indexterm>
  491. </listitem>
  492. </varlistentry>
  493. <varlistentry id="mkdir">
  494. <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
  495. <listitem>
  496. <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
  497. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
  498. <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
  499. </indexterm>
  500. </listitem>
  501. </varlistentry>
  502. <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
  503. <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
  504. <listitem>
  505. <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
  506. pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
  507. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
  508. <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
  509. </indexterm>
  510. </listitem>
  511. </varlistentry>
  512. <varlistentry id="mknod">
  513. <term><command>mknod</command></term>
  514. <listitem>
  515. <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
  516. character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
  517. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
  518. <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
  519. </indexterm>
  520. </listitem>
  521. </varlistentry>
  522. <varlistentry id="mktemp">
  523. <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
  524. <listitem>
  525. <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
  526. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
  527. <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
  528. </indexterm>
  529. </listitem>
  530. </varlistentry>
  531. <varlistentry id="mv">
  532. <term><command>mv</command></term>
  533. <listitem>
  534. <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
  535. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
  536. <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
  537. </indexterm>
  538. </listitem>
  539. </varlistentry>
  540. <varlistentry id="nice">
  541. <term><command>nice</command></term>
  542. <listitem>
  543. <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
  544. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
  545. <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
  546. </indexterm>
  547. </listitem>
  548. </varlistentry>
  549. <varlistentry id="nl">
  550. <term><command>nl</command></term>
  551. <listitem>
  552. <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
  553. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
  554. <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
  555. </indexterm>
  556. </listitem>
  557. </varlistentry>
  558. <varlistentry id="nohup">
  559. <term><command>nohup</command></term>
  560. <listitem>
  561. <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
  562. a log file</para>
  563. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
  564. <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
  565. </indexterm>
  566. </listitem>
  567. </varlistentry>
  568. <varlistentry id="nproc">
  569. <term><command>nproc</command></term>
  570. <listitem>
  571. <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
  572. process</para>
  573. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
  574. <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
  575. </indexterm>
  576. </listitem>
  577. </varlistentry>
  578. <varlistentry id="od">
  579. <term><command>od</command></term>
  580. <listitem>
  581. <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
  582. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
  583. <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
  584. </indexterm>
  585. </listitem>
  586. </varlistentry>
  587. <varlistentry id="paste">
  588. <term><command>paste</command></term>
  589. <listitem>
  590. <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
  591. side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
  592. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
  593. <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
  594. </indexterm>
  595. </listitem>
  596. </varlistentry>
  597. <varlistentry id="pathchk">
  598. <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
  599. <listitem>
  600. <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
  601. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
  602. <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
  603. </indexterm>
  604. </listitem>
  605. </varlistentry>
  606. <varlistentry id="pinky">
  607. <term><command>pinky</command></term>
  608. <listitem>
  609. <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
  610. about the given users</para>
  611. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
  612. <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
  613. </indexterm>
  614. </listitem>
  615. </varlistentry>
  616. <varlistentry id="pr">
  617. <term><command>pr</command></term>
  618. <listitem>
  619. <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
  620. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
  621. <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
  622. </indexterm>
  623. </listitem>
  624. </varlistentry>
  625. <varlistentry id="printenv">
  626. <term><command>printenv</command></term>
  627. <listitem>
  628. <para>Prints the environment</para>
  629. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
  630. <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
  631. </indexterm>
  632. </listitem>
  633. </varlistentry>
  634. <varlistentry id="printf">
  635. <term><command>printf</command></term>
  636. <listitem>
  637. <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
  638. like the C printf function</para>
  639. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
  640. <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
  641. </indexterm>
  642. </listitem>
  643. </varlistentry>
  644. <varlistentry id="ptx">
  645. <term><command>ptx</command></term>
  646. <listitem>
  647. <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
  648. with each keyword in its context</para>
  649. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
  650. <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
  651. </indexterm>
  652. </listitem>
  653. </varlistentry>
  654. <varlistentry id="pwd">
  655. <term><command>pwd</command></term>
  656. <listitem>
  657. <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
  658. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
  659. <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
  660. </indexterm>
  661. </listitem>
  662. </varlistentry>
  663. <varlistentry id="readlink">
  664. <term><command>readlink</command></term>
  665. <listitem>
  666. <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
  667. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
  668. <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
  669. </indexterm>
  670. </listitem>
  671. </varlistentry>
  672. <varlistentry id="rm">
  673. <term><command>rm</command></term>
  674. <listitem>
  675. <para>Removes files or directories</para>
  676. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
  677. <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
  678. </indexterm>
  679. </listitem>
  680. </varlistentry>
  681. <varlistentry id="rmdir">
  682. <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
  683. <listitem>
  684. <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
  685. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
  686. <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
  687. </indexterm>
  688. </listitem>
  689. </varlistentry>
  690. <varlistentry id="runcon">
  691. <term><command>runcon</command></term>
  692. <listitem>
  693. <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
  694. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
  695. <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
  696. </indexterm>
  697. </listitem>
  698. </varlistentry>
  699. <varlistentry id="seq">
  700. <term><command>seq</command></term>
  701. <listitem>
  702. <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
  703. given increment</para>
  704. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
  705. <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
  706. </indexterm>
  707. </listitem>
  708. </varlistentry>
  709. <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
  710. <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
  711. <listitem>
  712. <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
  713. checksums</para>
  714. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
  715. <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
  716. </indexterm>
  717. </listitem>
  718. </varlistentry>
  719. <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
  720. <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
  721. <listitem>
  722. <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  723. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
  724. <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
  725. </indexterm>
  726. </listitem>
  727. </varlistentry>
  728. <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
  729. <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
  730. <listitem>
  731. <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  732. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
  733. <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
  734. </indexterm>
  735. </listitem>
  736. </varlistentry>
  737. <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
  738. <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
  739. <listitem>
  740. <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  741. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
  742. <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
  743. </indexterm>
  744. </listitem>
  745. </varlistentry>
  746. <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
  747. <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
  748. <listitem>
  749. <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
  750. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
  751. <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
  752. </indexterm>
  753. </listitem>
  754. </varlistentry>
  755. <varlistentry id="shred">
  756. <term><command>shred</command></term>
  757. <listitem>
  758. <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
  759. making it difficult to recover the data</para>
  760. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
  761. <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
  762. </indexterm>
  763. </listitem>
  764. </varlistentry>
  765. <varlistentry id="shuf">
  766. <term><command>shuf</command></term>
  767. <listitem>
  768. <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
  769. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
  770. <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
  771. </indexterm>
  772. </listitem>
  773. </varlistentry>
  774. <varlistentry id="sleep">
  775. <term><command>sleep</command></term>
  776. <listitem>
  777. <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
  778. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
  779. <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
  780. </indexterm>
  781. </listitem>
  782. </varlistentry>
  783. <varlistentry id="sort">
  784. <term><command>sort</command></term>
  785. <listitem>
  786. <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
  787. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
  788. <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
  789. </indexterm>
  790. </listitem>
  791. </varlistentry>
  792. <varlistentry id="split">
  793. <term><command>split</command></term>
  794. <listitem>
  795. <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
  796. lines</para>
  797. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
  798. <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
  799. </indexterm>
  800. </listitem>
  801. </varlistentry>
  802. <varlistentry id="stat">
  803. <term><command>stat</command></term>
  804. <listitem>
  805. <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
  806. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
  807. <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
  808. </indexterm>
  809. </listitem>
  810. </varlistentry>
  811. <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
  812. <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
  813. <listitem>
  814. <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
  815. streams</para>
  816. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
  817. <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
  818. </indexterm>
  819. </listitem>
  820. </varlistentry>
  821. <varlistentry id="stty">
  822. <term><command>stty</command></term>
  823. <listitem>
  824. <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
  825. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
  826. <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
  827. </indexterm>
  828. </listitem>
  829. </varlistentry>
  830. <varlistentry id="sum">
  831. <term><command>sum</command></term>
  832. <listitem>
  833. <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
  834. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
  835. <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
  836. </indexterm>
  837. </listitem>
  838. </varlistentry>
  839. <varlistentry id="sync">
  840. <term><command>sync</command></term>
  841. <listitem>
  842. <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
  843. and updates the super block</para>
  844. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
  845. <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
  846. </indexterm>
  847. </listitem>
  848. </varlistentry>
  849. <varlistentry id="tac">
  850. <term><command>tac</command></term>
  851. <listitem>
  852. <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
  853. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
  854. <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
  855. </indexterm>
  856. </listitem>
  857. </varlistentry>
  858. <varlistentry id="tail">
  859. <term><command>tail</command></term>
  860. <listitem>
  861. <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
  862. given file</para>
  863. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
  864. <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
  865. </indexterm>
  866. </listitem>
  867. </varlistentry>
  868. <varlistentry id="tee">
  869. <term><command>tee</command></term>
  870. <listitem>
  871. <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
  872. and to the given files</para>
  873. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
  874. <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
  875. </indexterm>
  876. </listitem>
  877. </varlistentry>
  878. <varlistentry id="test">
  879. <term><command>test</command></term>
  880. <listitem>
  881. <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
  882. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
  883. <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
  884. </indexterm>
  885. </listitem>
  886. </varlistentry>
  887. <varlistentry id="timeout">
  888. <term><command>timeout</command></term>
  889. <listitem>
  890. <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
  891. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
  892. <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
  893. </indexterm>
  894. </listitem>
  895. </varlistentry>
  896. <varlistentry id="touch">
  897. <term><command>touch</command></term>
  898. <listitem>
  899. <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
  900. times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
  901. are created with zero length</para>
  902. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
  903. <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
  904. </indexterm>
  905. </listitem>
  906. </varlistentry>
  907. <varlistentry id="tr">
  908. <term><command>tr</command></term>
  909. <listitem>
  910. <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
  911. standard input</para>
  912. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
  913. <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
  914. </indexterm>
  915. </listitem>
  916. </varlistentry>
  917. <varlistentry id="true">
  918. <term><command>true</command></term>
  919. <listitem>
  920. <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
  921. indicating success</para>
  922. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
  923. <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
  924. </indexterm>
  925. </listitem>
  926. </varlistentry>
  927. <varlistentry id="truncate">
  928. <term><command>truncate</command></term>
  929. <listitem>
  930. <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
  931. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
  932. <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
  933. </indexterm>
  934. </listitem>
  935. </varlistentry>
  936. <varlistentry id="tsort">
  937. <term><command>tsort</command></term>
  938. <listitem>
  939. <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
  940. according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
  941. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
  942. <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
  943. </indexterm>
  944. </listitem>
  945. </varlistentry>
  946. <varlistentry id="tty">
  947. <term><command>tty</command></term>
  948. <listitem>
  949. <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
  950. input</para>
  951. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
  952. <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
  953. </indexterm>
  954. </listitem>
  955. </varlistentry>
  956. <varlistentry id="uname">
  957. <term><command>uname</command></term>
  958. <listitem>
  959. <para>Reports system information</para>
  960. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
  961. <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
  962. </indexterm>
  963. </listitem>
  964. </varlistentry>
  965. <varlistentry id="unexpand">
  966. <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
  967. <listitem>
  968. <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
  969. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
  970. <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
  971. </indexterm>
  972. </listitem>
  973. </varlistentry>
  974. <varlistentry id="uniq">
  975. <term><command>uniq</command></term>
  976. <listitem>
  977. <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
  978. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
  979. <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
  980. </indexterm>
  981. </listitem>
  982. </varlistentry>
  983. <varlistentry id="unlink">
  984. <term><command>unlink</command></term>
  985. <listitem>
  986. <para>Removes the given file</para>
  987. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
  988. <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
  989. </indexterm>
  990. </listitem>
  991. </varlistentry>
  992. <varlistentry id="users">
  993. <term><command>users</command></term>
  994. <listitem>
  995. <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
  996. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
  997. <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
  998. </indexterm>
  999. </listitem>
  1000. </varlistentry>
  1001. <varlistentry id="vdir">
  1002. <term><command>vdir</command></term>
  1003. <listitem>
  1004. <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
  1005. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
  1006. <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
  1007. </indexterm>
  1008. </listitem>
  1009. </varlistentry>
  1010. <varlistentry id="wc">
  1011. <term><command>wc</command></term>
  1012. <listitem>
  1013. <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
  1014. file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
  1015. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
  1016. <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
  1017. </indexterm>
  1018. </listitem>
  1019. </varlistentry>
  1020. <varlistentry id="who">
  1021. <term><command>who</command></term>
  1022. <listitem>
  1023. <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
  1024. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
  1025. <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
  1026. </indexterm>
  1027. </listitem>
  1028. </varlistentry>
  1029. <varlistentry id="whoami">
  1030. <term><command>whoami</command></term>
  1031. <listitem>
  1032. <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
  1033. user ID</para>
  1034. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
  1035. <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
  1036. </indexterm>
  1037. </listitem>
  1038. </varlistentry>
  1039. <varlistentry id="yes">
  1040. <term><command>yes</command></term>
  1041. <listitem>
  1042. <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
  1043. killed</para>
  1044. <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
  1045. <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
  1046. </indexterm>
  1047. </listitem>
  1048. </varlistentry>
  1049. </variablelist>
  1050. </sect2>
  1051. </sect1>