creatingdirs.xml 2.7 KB

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  2. <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  3. "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  4. <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
  5. %general-entities;
  6. ]>
  7. <sect1 id="ch-tools-creatingdirs">
  8. <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
  9. <title>Creating Directories</title>
  10. <para>It is time to create the full structure in the LFS file system.</para>
  11. <para>Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set
  12. required in the previous chapters by issuing the following command:</para>
  13. <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput></screen>
  14. <para>Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by
  15. issuing the following commands:</para>
  16. <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
  17. mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
  18. mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
  19. mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
  20. mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
  21. mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
  22. mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
  23. mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
  24. mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}
  25. ln -sv /run /var/run
  26. ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
  27. install -dv -m 0750 /root
  28. install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen>
  29. <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
  30. this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
  31. changes are made&mdash;one to the home directory of user <systemitem
  32. class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
  33. temporary files.</para>
  34. <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
  35. the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory&mdash;the
  36. same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
  37. second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
  38. <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
  39. class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
  40. another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
  41. <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
  42. <sect2>
  43. <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
  44. <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
  45. (FHS) (available at <ulink
  46. url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies
  47. the optional existence of some directories such as <filename
  48. class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
  49. class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the
  50. directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these
  51. directories. </para>
  52. </sect2>
  53. </sect1>