lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter09/profile.po

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#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "The Bash Shell Startup Files"
msgstr "Bash Shell 启动文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
msgid "/etc/profile"
msgstr "/etc/profile"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The shell program <command>/bin/bash</command> (hereafter referred to as "
"<quote>the shell</quote>) uses a collection of startup files to help create "
"an environment to run in. Each file has a specific use and may affect login "
"and interactive environments differently. The files in the <filename class="
"\"directory\">/etc</filename> directory provide global settings. If an "
"equivalent file exists in the home directory, it may override the global "
"settings."
msgstr ""
"Shell 程序 <command>/bin/bash</command> (之后简称 <quote>shell</quote>) 使用"
"一组启动文件，以帮助创建运行环境。每个文件都有专门的用途，它们可能以不同方式"
"影响登录和交互环境。<filename class=\"directory\">/etc</filename> 中的文件提"
"供全局设定。如果在用户主目录中有对应的文件存在，它可能覆盖全局设定。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"An interactive login shell is started after a successful login, using "
"<command>/bin/login</command>, by reading the <filename>/etc/passwd</"
"filename> file. An interactive non-login shell is started at the command-"
"line (e.g., <prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A non-"
"interactive shell is usually present when a shell script is running. It is "
"non-interactive because it is processing a script and not waiting for user "
"input between commands."
msgstr ""
"在成功登录后，<command>/bin/login</command> 读取 <filename>/etc/passwd</"
"filename> 中的 shell 命令行，启动一个交互式登录 shell。通过命令行 (如 "
"<prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>) 启动的 shell 是交互式"
"非登录 shell。非交互 shell 通常在运行 shell 脚本时存在，它处理脚本，在执行命"
"令的过程中不等待用户输入，因此是非交互的。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For more information, see <command>info bash</command> under the "
"<emphasis>Bash Startup Files and Interactive Shells</emphasis> section."
msgstr ""
"阅读 <command>info bash</command> 中的 <emphasis>Bash Startup Files and "
"Interactive Shells</emphasis> 一节，了解更多信息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The files <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and <filename>~/.bash_profile</"
"filename> are read when the shell is invoked as an interactive login shell."
msgstr ""
"登录 shell 会读取文件 <filename>/etc/profile</filename> 和 <filename>~/."
"bash_profile</filename>。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> below sets some environment "
"variables necessary for native language support. Setting them properly "
"results in:"
msgstr ""
"下面给出最基本的 <filename>/etc/profile</filename> 文件，它设定本地语言支持所"
"需的一些环境变量。正确设定它们有以下好处："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The output of programs translated into the native language"
msgstr "程序输出被翻译成本地语言"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and other classes. "
"This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to properly accept non-ASCII "
"characters in command lines in non-English locales"
msgstr ""
"字符被正确分类为字母，数字，以及其他类型。在非英文 locale 中，这对于使 "
"<command>bash</command> 正确接受命令行中的非 ASCII 字符是必要的。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country"
msgstr "根据所在地区惯例排序字母"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Appropriate default paper size"
msgstr "适用于所在地区的默认纸张尺寸"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values"
msgstr "正确格式化货币，时间，以及日期值"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Replace <replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;</replaceable> below with the two-letter code "
"for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and <replaceable>&lt;"
"CC&gt;</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the appropriate country (e."
"g., <quote>GB</quote>). <replaceable>&lt;charmap&gt;</replaceable> should be "
"replaced with the canonical charmap for your chosen locale. Optional "
"modifiers such as <quote>@euro</quote> may also be present."
msgstr ""
"将下面的 <replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;</replaceable>替换为所需语言的双字符代号 (例"
"如 <quote>en</quote>)，<replaceable>&lt;CC&gt;</replaceable> 替换为国家或地区"
"的双字符代号 (例如 <quote>GB</quote>)，<replaceable>&lt;charmap&gt;</"
"replaceable> 替换为您选定的 locale 的标准字符映射。另外，还可以加入 "
"<quote>@euro</quote> 等可选修饰符。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running the "
"following command:"
msgstr "Glibc 支持的所有 locale 可以用以下命令列出："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>locale -a</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>locale -a</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Charmaps can have a number of aliases, e.g., <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote> is "
"also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>.  "
"Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly (e.g., "
"require that <quote>UTF-8</quote> is written as <quote>UTF-8</quote>, not "
"<quote>utf8</quote>), so it is safest in most cases to choose the canonical "
"name for a particular locale. To determine the canonical name, run the "
"following command, where <replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> is "
"the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for your preferred locale "
"(<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> in our example)."
msgstr ""
"字符映射可能有多个别名，例如 <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote> 也可以称为 "
"<quote>iso8859-1</quote> 或者 <quote>iso88591</quote>。某些程序不能正确处理一"
"些别名 (例如，<quote>UTF-8</quote>必须写作<quote>UTF-8</quote>才能识别，而不"
"能识别<quote>utf8</quote>)，因此在多数情况下，为了保险起见，最好使用 locale "
"的规范名称。为了确定规范名称，执行以下命令，将 <replaceable>&lt;locale 名&gt;"
"</replaceable> 替换成 <command>locale -a</command> 对于您希望的 locale 的输"
"出 (以 <quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> 为例)。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>&lt;locale 名&gt;</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For the <quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> locale, the above command will print:"
msgstr "对于 <quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> locale，以上命令输出："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<computeroutput>ISO-8859-1</computeroutput>"
msgstr "<computeroutput>ISO-8859-1</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>.  "
"It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested "
"prior to it being added to the Bash startup files:"
msgstr ""
"这样就最终确定 locale 应设置为 <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>。在将以上启发"
"方法获得的 locale 添加到 Bash 启动文件之前，一定要进行下列测试："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale language\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale charmap\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale int_curr_symbol\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale int_prefix</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>LC_ALL=&lt;locale 名&gt; locale language\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale 名&gt; locale charmap\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale 名&gt; locale int_curr_symbol\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale 名&gt; locale int_prefix</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The above commands should print the language name, the character encoding "
"used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial before the "
"telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the commands "
"above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means that "
"your locale was either not installed in <xref linkend=\"ch-system-glibc\"/> "
"or is not supported by the default installation of Glibc."
msgstr ""
"以上命令应该输出语言名称，选定 locale 使用的字符编码，本地货币符号，以及所在"
"国家或地区的国际电话区号。如果以上某个命令失败并输出类似下面这样的消息，意味"
"着您的 locale 在<xref linkend=\"ch-system-glibc\"/>中没有安装，或者不被 "
"Glibc 的默认安装支持。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput>"
msgstr "<computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using the "
"<command>localedef</command> command, or consider choosing a different "
"locale.  Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages "
"from Glibc."
msgstr ""
"如果出现了这种消息，您应该用 <command>localedef</command> 命令安装所需的 "
"locale，或重新选择一个不同的 locale。后文假设 Glibc 没有输出类似错误消息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily "
"display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their "
"expectations.  In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions "
"support your locale might provide some useful information."
msgstr ""
"其他软件包在 locale 名不符合它们的期望时可能工作不正常(但未必输出错误消息)。"
"在这种情况下，探索一下其他 Linux 发行版是如何支持您的 locale 的，可以得到一些"
"有用的信息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the <filename>/"
"etc/profile</filename> file:"
msgstr ""
"在确定了正确的 locale 设置后，创建 <filename>/etc/profile</filename> 文件："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /etc/profile\n"
"\n"
"export LANG=<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"\n"
"# End /etc/profile</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /etc/profile\n"
"\n"
"export LANG=<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"\n"
"# End /etc/profile</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The <quote>C</quote> (default) and <quote>en_US.utf8</quote> (the "
"recommended one for United States English users) locales are different. "
"<quote>C</quote> uses the US-ASCII 7-bit character set, and treats bytes "
"with the high bit set as invalid characters. That's why, e.g., the "
"<command>ls</command> command substitutes them with question marks in that "
"locale. Also, an attempt to send mail with such characters from Mutt or Pine "
"results in non-RFC-conforming messages being sent (the charset in the "
"outgoing mail is indicated as <quote>unknown 8-bit</quote>). So you can use "
"the <quote>C</quote> locale only if you are sure that you will never need 8-"
"bit characters."
msgstr ""
"<quote>C</quote> (默认 locale) 和<quote>en_US</quote>(推荐美式英语用户使用的 "
"locale) 是不同的。<quote>C</quote> locale 使用 US-ASCII 7 位字符集，并且将最"
"高位为 1 的字节视为无效字符。因此，<command>ls</command> 等命令会将它们替换为"
"问号。另外，如果试图用 Mutt 或 Pine 发送包含这些字符的邮件，会发出不符合 RFC "
"标准的消息 (发出邮件的字符集会被标为<quote>未知 8 位</quote>)。因此，您只能在"
"确信自己永远不会使用 8 位字符时才能使用<quote>C</quote> locale。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"UTF-8 based locales are not supported well by some programs.  Work is in "
"progress to document and, if possible, fix such problems, see <ulink url="
"\"&blfs-book;introduction/locale-issues.html\"/>."
msgstr ""
"许多程序不能很好地支持基于 UTF-8 的 locale。我们正在努力记录并 (如果可能的"
"话) 修复它们，参阅 <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;introduction/locale-issues.html\"/"
">。"