lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter08/shadow.po

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#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info><address>
#, no-wrap
msgid "&shadow-url;"
msgstr "&shadow-url;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info>
msgid ""
"<productname>shadow</productname> <productnumber>&shadow-version;</"
"productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"<productname>shadow</productname> <productnumber>&shadow-version;</"
"productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "Shadow-&shadow-version;"
msgstr "Shadow-&shadow-version;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Shadow"
msgstr "Shadow"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure way."
msgstr "Shadow 软件包包含安全地处理密码的程序。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "&buildtime;"
msgstr "&buildtime;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "&diskspace;"
msgstr "&diskspace;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid "&shadow-fin-sbu;"
msgstr "&shadow-fin-sbu;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid "&shadow-fin-du;"
msgstr "&shadow-fin-du;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Installation of Shadow"
msgstr "安装 Shadow"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to <ulink "
"url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html\"/> for installing CrackLib prior to "
"building Shadow. Then add <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the "
"<command>configure</command> command below."
msgstr ""
"如果您希望强制使用强密码，参考 <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html"
"\"/> 以在构建 Shadow 前安装 CrackLib。然后，将 <parameter>--with-libcrack</"
"parameter> 添加到下面的 <command>configure</command> 命令中。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program and its "
"man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also, prevent the "
"installation of manual pages that were already installed in <xref linkend="
"\"ch-system-man-pages\"/>:"
msgstr ""
"禁止该软件包安装 <command>groups</command> 程序和它的 man 页面，因为 "
"Coreutils 会提供更好的版本。同样，避免安装<xref linkend=\"ch-system-man-pages"
"\"/>软件包已经提供的 man 页面："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\\.1 / /'   {} \\;\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\\.3 / /' {} \\;\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\\.5 / /'   {} \\;</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\\.1 / /'   {} \\;\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\\.3 / /' {} \\;\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\\.5 / /'   {} \\;</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more "
"secure <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> method of password encryption, which "
"also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to "
"change the obsolete <filename class=\"directory\">/var/spool/mail</filename> "
"location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename "
"class=\"directory\">/var/mail</filename> location used currently:"
msgstr ""
"不使用默认的 <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> 加密方法，使用更安全的 "
"<emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> 方法加密密码，该方法也允许长度超过 8 个字符的密"
"码。另外，还需要把过时的用户邮箱位置 <filename class=\"directory\">/var/"
"spool/mail</filename> 改为当前普遍使用的 <filename class=\"directory\">/var/"
"mail</filename> 目录："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512:' \\\n"
"    -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:'                 \\\n"
"    -i etc/login.defs</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512:' \\\n"
"    -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:'                 \\\n"
"    -i etc/login.defs</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid "If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:"
msgstr "如果您选择构建有 Cracklib 支持的 Shadow，执行以下命令："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>sed -i 's:DICTPATH.*:DICTPATH\\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict:' etc/login.defs</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>sed -i 's:DICTPATH.*:DICTPATH\\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict:' etc/login.defs</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Make a minor change to make the first group number generated by useradd 1000:"
msgstr "进行微小的改动，使 useradd 使用 1000 作为第一个组编号："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Prepare Shadow for compilation:"
msgstr "准备编译 Shadow："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput remap=\"configure\">touch /usr/bin/passwd\n"
"./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \\\n"
"            --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput remap=\"configure\">touch /usr/bin/passwd\n"
"./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \\\n"
"            --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
msgid "The meaning of the configure option:"
msgstr "配置选项的含义："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command>"
msgstr "<command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The file <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> needs to exist because its "
"location is harcoded in some programs, and the default location if it does "
"not exist is not right."
msgstr ""
"我们需要保证 <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> 存在，因为它的位置会被硬编"
"码到一些程序中，如果它不存在的话，会使用错误的默认位置。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The maximum user name is 32 characters.  Make the maximum group name the "
"same."
msgstr "最长用户名可以有 32 个字符。设定组名称最大长度为相同值。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Compile the package:"
msgstr "编译该软件包："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "This package does not come with a test suite."
msgstr "该软件包不包含测试套件。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Install the package:"
msgstr "安装该软件包："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">make install</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">make install</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Configuring Shadow"
msgstr "配置 Shadow"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary>
msgid "configuring"
msgstr "配置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and groups; "
"set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative tasks. For "
"a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> means, "
"see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source tree. "
"If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need to verify "
"passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.)  must be "
"Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with shadowed "
"passwords."
msgstr ""
"该软件包包含用于添加、修改、删除用户和组，设定和修改它们的密码，以及进行其他"
"管理任务的工具。如果希望查阅关于 <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> 的详"
"细解释，阅读解压得到源代码目录树中的 <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> 文件。如"
"果使用 Shadow 支持，请注意所有需要验证密码的程序 (如显示管理器、FTP 程序、"
"pop3 守护进程等)  都必须和 Shadow 兼容。换句话说，它们必须能使用 Shadow 加密"
"的密码。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:"
msgstr "如果要对用户密码启用 Shadow 加密，执行以下命令："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>pwconv</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>pwconv</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "To enable shadowed group passwords, run:"
msgstr "如果要对组密码启用 Shadow 加密，执行："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>grpconv</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>grpconv</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Shadow's stock configuration for the <command>useradd</command> utility has "
"a few caveats that need some explanation. First, the default action for the "
"<command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and a group of the "
"same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) "
"numbers will begin with 1000. This means if you don't pass parameters to "
"<command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a unique group on "
"the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need to pass the "
"<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter to <command>useradd</command>. The "
"default parameters are stored in the <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
"filename> file. You may need to modify two parameters in this file to suit "
"your particular needs."
msgstr ""
"Shadow 附带的 <command>useradd</command> 配置文件有一些需要解释的事项。首先，"
"<command>useradd</command> 的默认操作是创建一个用户，以及一个名字和用户名相同"
"的组。默认情况下，用户 ID (UID) 和组 ID (GID) 会从 1000 开始。这意味着，如果"
"您不向 <command>useradd</command> 传递参数，每个用户都会属于一个不同的组。如"
"果您不希望这样，就要传递 <parameter>-g</parameter> 参数给 <command>useradd</"
"command>。默认参数保存在 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 文件中。您"
"可以编辑其中的两个参数，以满足您的特定需求。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
msgid "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> Parameter Explanations"
msgstr "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 参数解释"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>GROUP=1000</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>GROUP=1000</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the /etc/"
"group file. You can modify it to anything you desire. Note that "
"<command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number "
"identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number "
"after this. Note also that if you don't have a group 1000 on your system the "
"first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the <parameter>-g</"
"parameter> parameter, you'll get a message displayed on the terminal that "
"says: <computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 1000</computeroutput>. You may "
"disregard this message and group number 1000 will be used."
msgstr ""
"该参数设定 /etc/group 文件中使用的第一个组编号。您可以将它修改为您希望的任何"
"值。注意，<command>useradd</command> 绝不会重用 UID 或 GID。如果该参数指定的"
"数字已经被使用了，它就会使用下一个可用的数字。另外，如果您第一次使用 "
"<command>useradd</command> 时没有编号 1000 的组，也没有使用 <parameter>-g</"
"parameter> 选项，您就会在终端看到一条消息：<computeroutput>useradd: unknown "
"GID 1000</computeroutput>。您可以忽略这条消息，它会使用组编号 1000。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a mailbox file "
"for the newly created user. <command>useradd</command> will make the group "
"ownership of this file to the <systemitem class=\"groupname\">mail</"
"systemitem> group with 0660 permissions. If you would prefer that these "
"mailbox files are not created by <command>useradd</command>, issue the "
"following command:"
msgstr ""
"该参数使得 <command>useradd</command> 为新创建的用户建立邮箱文件。"
"<command>useradd</command> 会使得 <systemitem class=\"groupname\">mail</"
"systemitem> 为邮箱文件属组，并为邮箱文件赋予 0660 权限码。如果您不希望 "
"<command>useradd</command> 创建这些邮箱文件，执行以下命令："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Setting the root password"
msgstr "设定 root 密码"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it by running:"
msgstr "为用户 <emphasis>root</emphasis> 选择一个密码，并执行以下命令设定它："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>passwd root</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>passwd root</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Contents of Shadow"
msgstr "Shadow 的内容"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "Installed programs"
msgstr "安装的程序"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "Installed directory"
msgstr "安装的目录"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid ""
"chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, "
"groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, "
"logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp, newuidmap, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, "
"pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), su, useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr "
"(link to vipw), and vipw"
msgstr ""
"chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, "
"groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, "
"logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp, newuidmap, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, "
"pwconv, pwunconv, sg (到 newgrp 的链接), su, useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr "
"(到 vipw 的链接), 以及 vipw"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid "/etc/default"
msgstr "/etc/default"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead>
msgid "Short Descriptions"
msgstr "简要描述"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist>
msgid ""
"<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
msgstr ""
"<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>chage</command>"
msgstr "<command>chage</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory password changes"
msgstr "用于修改强制性密码更新的最大天数"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "chage"
msgstr "chage"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>chfn</command>"
msgstr "<command>chfn</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Used to change a user's full name and other information"
msgstr "用于修改用户全名和其他信息"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "chfn"
msgstr "chfn"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>chgpasswd</command>"
msgstr "<command>chgpasswd</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Used to update group passwords in batch mode"
msgstr "用于批量更新组密码"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "chgpasswd"
msgstr "chgpasswd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>chpasswd</command>"
msgstr "<command>chpasswd</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Used to update user passwords in batch mode"
msgstr "用于批量更新用户密码"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "chpasswd"
msgstr "chpasswd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>chsh</command>"
msgstr "<command>chsh</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Used to change a user's default login shell"
msgstr "用于改变用户的默认登录 shell"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "chsh"
msgstr "chsh"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>expiry</command>"
msgstr "<command>expiry</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy"
msgstr "检查并强制保证当前密码过期策略"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "expiry"
msgstr "expiry"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>faillog</command>"
msgstr "<command>faillog</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum number of "
"failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the failure count"
msgstr "检查失败登录日志，设定锁定账户的最大失败次数，或重置失败次数"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "faillog"
msgstr "faillog"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>gpasswd</command>"
msgstr "<command>gpasswd</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to add and delete members and administrators to groups"
msgstr "用于增加或删除组的用户和管理员"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "gpasswd"
msgstr "gpasswd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>groupadd</command>"
msgstr "<command>groupadd</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Creates a group with the given name"
msgstr "以指定名称创建组"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "groupadd"
msgstr "groupadd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>groupdel</command>"
msgstr "<command>groupdel</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Deletes the group with the given name"
msgstr "删除指定的组"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "groupdel"
msgstr "groupdel"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>groupmems</command>"
msgstr "<command>groupmems</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list without the "
"requirement of super user privileges."
msgstr "允许用户在不需要超级用户权限的情况下，管理自己的组成员列表"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "groupmems"
msgstr "groupmems"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>groupmod</command>"
msgstr "<command>groupmod</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to modify the given group's name or GID"
msgstr "用于修改给定的组名称或 GID"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "groupmod"
msgstr "groupmod"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>grpck</command>"
msgstr "<command>grpck</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Verifies the integrity of the group files <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
"and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>"
msgstr ""
"验证组文件 <filename>/etc/group</filename> 和 <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
"filename> 的完整性"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "grpck"
msgstr "grpck"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>grpconv</command>"
msgstr "<command>grpconv</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal group file"
msgstr "根据普通组文件创建或更新加密组文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "grpconv"
msgstr "grpconv"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>grpunconv</command>"
msgstr "<command>grpunconv</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
"filename> and then deletes the latter"
msgstr ""
"根据 <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> 文件更新 <filename>/etc/group</"
"filename> 文件，并删除前者"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "grpunconv"
msgstr "grpunconv"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>lastlog</command>"
msgstr "<command>lastlog</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
msgstr "报告所有用户或给定用户最后一次登录的信息"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "lastlog"
msgstr "lastlog"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>login</command>"
msgstr "<command>login</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used by the system to let users sign on"
msgstr "被系统用于允许用户登录"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "login"
msgstr "login"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>logoutd</command>"
msgstr "<command>logoutd</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time and ports"
msgstr "是一个限制登录时间和端口的守护进程"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "logoutd"
msgstr "logoutd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>newgidmap</command>"
msgstr "<command>newgidmap</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to set the gid mapping of a user namespace"
msgstr "用于设定用户命名空间的 gid 映射"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "newgidmap"
msgstr "newgidmap"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>newgrp</command>"
msgstr "<command>newgrp</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to change the current GID during a login session"
msgstr "用于在登录会话中修改当前 GID"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "newgrp"
msgstr "newgrp"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>newuidmap</command>"
msgstr "<command>newuidmap</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to set the uid mapping of a user namespace"
msgstr "用于设定用户命名空间的 uid 映射"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "newuidmap"
msgstr "newuidmap"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>newusers</command>"
msgstr "<command>newusers</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to create or update an entire series of user accounts"
msgstr "用于批量创建或更新用户账户"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "newusers"
msgstr "newusers"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>nologin</command>"
msgstr "<command>nologin</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Displays a message that an account is not available; it is designed to be "
"used as the default shell for accounts that have been disabled"
msgstr "显示一条账户不可用的消息；它被设计为用来当作被禁用的账户的默认 shell"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "nologin"
msgstr "nologin"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>passwd</command>"
msgstr "<command>passwd</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to change the password for a user or group account"
msgstr "用于修改用户或组账户的密码"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "passwd"
msgstr "passwd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>pwck</command>"
msgstr "<command>pwck</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Verifies the integrity of the password files <filename>/etc/passwd</"
"filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>"
msgstr ""
"检验密码文件 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 和 <filename>/etc/shadow</"
"filename> 的完整性"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "pwck"
msgstr "pwck"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>pwconv</command>"
msgstr "<command>pwconv</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal password file"
msgstr "从普通密码文件创建或更新加密密码文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "pwconv"
msgstr "pwconv"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>pwunconv</command>"
msgstr "<command>pwunconv</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from <filename>/etc/shadow</"
"filename> and then deletes the latter"
msgstr ""
"根据 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 更新 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> "
"并删除前者"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "pwunconv"
msgstr "pwunconv"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>sg</command>"
msgstr "<command>sg</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Executes a given command while the user's GID is set to that of the given "
"group"
msgstr "在用户 GID 设为给定组 ID 的情况下，执行给定命令"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "sg"
msgstr "sg"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>su</command>"
msgstr "<command>su</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs"
msgstr "用替换的用户和组 ID 运行 shell"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "su"
msgstr "su"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>useradd</command>"
msgstr "<command>useradd</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default new-user "
"information"
msgstr "以指定名称创建新用户，或更新新用户默认信息"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "useradd"
msgstr "useradd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>userdel</command>"
msgstr "<command>userdel</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Deletes the given user account"
msgstr "删除给定用户"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "userdel"
msgstr "userdel"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>usermod</command>"
msgstr "<command>usermod</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to modify the given user's login name, User Identification (UID), "
"shell, initial group, home directory, etc."
msgstr ""
"修改给定用户的登录名称、用户标识符 (UID)、shell、初始组、home 目录等信息"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "usermod"
msgstr "usermod"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>vigr</command>"
msgstr "<command>vigr</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
"filename> files"
msgstr ""
"编辑 <filename>/etc/group</filename> 或 <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> 文"
"件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "vigr"
msgstr "vigr"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>vipw</command>"
msgstr "<command>vipw</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or <filename>/etc/shadow</"
"filename> files"
msgstr ""
"编辑 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 或 <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> 文"
"件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "vipw"
msgstr "vipw"