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  1. # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
  2. # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  3. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
  4. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
  5. #
  6. #, fuzzy
  7. msgid ""
  8. msgstr ""
  9. "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
  10. "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n"
  11. "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
  12. "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
  13. "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
  14. "Language: \n"
  15. "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
  16. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
  17. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
  18. #. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
  19. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:11
  20. msgid "The Bash Shell Startup Files"
  21. msgstr ""
  22. #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
  23. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:14
  24. msgid "/etc/profile"
  25. msgstr ""
  26. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  27. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:17
  28. msgid ""
  29. "The shell program <command>/bin/bash</command> (hereafter referred to as "
  30. "<quote>the shell</quote>) uses a collection of startup files to help create "
  31. "an environment to run in. Each file has a specific use and may affect login "
  32. "and interactive environments differently. The files in the <filename "
  33. "class=\"directory\">/etc</filename> directory provide global settings. If an "
  34. "equivalent file exists in the home directory, it may override the global "
  35. "settings."
  36. msgstr ""
  37. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  38. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:25
  39. msgid ""
  40. "An interactive login shell is started after a successful login, using "
  41. "<command>/bin/login</command>, by reading the "
  42. "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. An interactive non-login shell is "
  43. "started at the command-line (e.g., "
  44. "<prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A non-interactive "
  45. "shell is usually present when a shell script is running. It is "
  46. "non-interactive because it is processing a script and not waiting for user "
  47. "input between commands."
  48. msgstr ""
  49. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  50. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:33
  51. msgid ""
  52. "For more information, see <command>info bash</command> under the "
  53. "<emphasis>Bash Startup Files and Interactive Shells</emphasis> section."
  54. msgstr ""
  55. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  56. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:36
  57. msgid ""
  58. "The files <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and "
  59. "<filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> are read when the shell is invoked as "
  60. "an interactive login shell."
  61. msgstr ""
  62. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  63. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:40
  64. msgid ""
  65. "The base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> below sets some environment "
  66. "variables necessary for native language support. Setting them properly "
  67. "results in:"
  68. msgstr ""
  69. #. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  70. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:46
  71. msgid "The output of programs translated into the native language"
  72. msgstr ""
  73. #. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  74. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:49
  75. msgid ""
  76. "Correct classification of characters into letters, digits and other "
  77. "classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to properly accept "
  78. "non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English locales"
  79. msgstr ""
  80. #. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  81. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:54
  82. msgid "The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country"
  83. msgstr ""
  84. #. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  85. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:57
  86. msgid "Appropriate default paper size"
  87. msgstr ""
  88. #. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  89. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:60
  90. msgid "Correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values"
  91. msgstr ""
  92. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  93. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:64
  94. msgid ""
  95. "Replace <replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;</replaceable> below with the two-letter code "
  96. "for the desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and "
  97. "<replaceable>&lt;CC&gt;</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the "
  98. "appropriate country (e.g., "
  99. "<quote>GB</quote>). <replaceable>&lt;charmap&gt;</replaceable> should be "
  100. "replaced with the canonical charmap for your chosen locale. Optional "
  101. "modifiers such as <quote>@euro</quote> may also be present."
  102. msgstr ""
  103. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  104. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:71
  105. msgid ""
  106. "The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running the "
  107. "following command:"
  108. msgstr ""
  109. #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
  110. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:74
  111. #, no-wrap
  112. msgid "<userinput>locale -a</userinput>"
  113. msgstr ""
  114. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  115. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:76
  116. msgid ""
  117. "Charmaps can have a number of aliases, e.g., <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote> is "
  118. "also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>. "
  119. "Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly (e.g., "
  120. "require that <quote>UTF-8</quote> is written as <quote>UTF-8</quote>, not "
  121. "<quote>utf8</quote>), so it is safest in most cases to choose the canonical "
  122. "name for a particular locale. To determine the canonical name, run the "
  123. "following command, where <replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> is "
  124. "the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for your preferred locale "
  125. "(<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> in our example)."
  126. msgstr ""
  127. #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
  128. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:86
  129. #, no-wrap
  130. msgid ""
  131. "<userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> locale "
  132. "charmap</userinput>"
  133. msgstr ""
  134. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  135. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:88
  136. msgid "For the <quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> locale, the above command will print:"
  137. msgstr ""
  138. #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
  139. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:91
  140. #, no-wrap
  141. msgid "<computeroutput>ISO-8859-1</computeroutput>"
  142. msgstr ""
  143. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  144. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:93
  145. msgid ""
  146. "This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>. "
  147. "It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested "
  148. "prior to it being added to the Bash startup files:"
  149. msgstr ""
  150. #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
  151. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:97
  152. #, no-wrap
  153. msgid ""
  154. "<userinput>LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale language\n"
  155. "LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale charmap\n"
  156. "LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale int_curr_symbol\n"
  157. "LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale int_prefix</userinput>"
  158. msgstr ""
  159. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  160. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:102
  161. msgid ""
  162. "The above commands should print the language name, the character encoding "
  163. "used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial before the "
  164. "telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the commands "
  165. "above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means that "
  166. "your locale was either not installed in <xref linkend=\"ch-system-glibc\"/> "
  167. "or is not supported by the default installation of Glibc."
  168. msgstr ""
  169. #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
  170. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:109
  171. #, no-wrap
  172. msgid ""
  173. "<computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or "
  174. "directory</computeroutput>"
  175. msgstr ""
  176. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  177. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:111
  178. msgid ""
  179. "If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using the "
  180. "<command>localedef</command> command, or consider choosing a different "
  181. "locale. Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages "
  182. "from Glibc."
  183. msgstr ""
  184. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  185. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:132
  186. msgid ""
  187. "Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily "
  188. "display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their "
  189. "expectations. In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions "
  190. "support your locale might provide some useful information."
  191. msgstr ""
  192. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  193. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:137
  194. msgid ""
  195. "Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the "
  196. "<filename>/etc/profile</filename> file:"
  197. msgstr ""
  198. #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
  199. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:140
  200. #, no-wrap
  201. msgid ""
  202. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  203. "<literal># Begin /etc/profile\n"
  204. "\n"
  205. "export "
  206. "LANG=<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable>\n"
  207. "\n"
  208. "# End /etc/profile</literal>\n"
  209. "EOF</userinput>"
  210. msgstr ""
  211. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  212. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:148
  213. msgid ""
  214. "The <quote>C</quote> (default) and <quote>en_US.utf8</quote> (the "
  215. "recommended one for United States English users) locales are "
  216. "different. <quote>C</quote> uses the US-ASCII 7-bit character set, and "
  217. "treats bytes with the high bit set as invalid characters. That's why, e.g., "
  218. "the <command>ls</command> command substitutes them with question marks in "
  219. "that locale. Also, an attempt to send mail with such characters from Mutt or "
  220. "Pine results in non-RFC-conforming messages being sent (the charset in the "
  221. "outgoing mail is indicated as <quote>unknown 8-bit</quote>). So you can use "
  222. "the <quote>C</quote> locale only if you are sure that you will never need "
  223. "8-bit characters."
  224. msgstr ""
  225. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
  226. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/profile.xml:158
  227. msgid ""
  228. "UTF-8 based locales are not supported well by some programs. Work is in "
  229. "progress to document and, if possible, fix such problems, see <ulink "
  230. "url=\"&blfs-book;introduction/locale-issues.html\"/>."
  231. msgstr ""