1
0

shadow.po 34 KB

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919
  1. # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
  2. # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  3. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
  4. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
  5. #
  6. #, fuzzy
  7. msgid ""
  8. msgstr ""
  9. "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
  10. "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n"
  11. "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
  12. "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
  13. "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
  14. "Language: \n"
  15. "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
  16. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
  17. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
  18. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info><address>
  19. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:14
  20. #, no-wrap
  21. msgid "&shadow-url;"
  22. msgstr ""
  23. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info>
  24. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:12
  25. msgid ""
  26. "<productname>shadow</productname> "
  27. "<productnumber>&shadow-version;</productnumber> <placeholder "
  28. "type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
  29. msgstr ""
  30. #. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
  31. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:17
  32. msgid "Shadow-&shadow-version;"
  33. msgstr ""
  34. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  35. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:20
  36. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:139
  37. msgid "Shadow"
  38. msgstr ""
  39. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  40. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:26
  41. msgid "The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure way."
  42. msgstr ""
  43. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  44. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:30
  45. msgid "&buildtime;"
  46. msgstr ""
  47. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  48. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:31
  49. msgid "&diskspace;"
  50. msgstr ""
  51. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  52. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:34
  53. msgid "&shadow-fin-sbu;"
  54. msgstr ""
  55. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  56. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:35
  57. msgid "&shadow-fin-du;"
  58. msgstr ""
  59. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  60. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:42
  61. msgid "Installation of Shadow"
  62. msgstr ""
  63. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  64. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:45
  65. msgid ""
  66. "If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to <ulink "
  67. "url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html\"/> for installing CrackLib prior to "
  68. "building Shadow. Then add <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the "
  69. "<command>configure</command> command below."
  70. msgstr ""
  71. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  72. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:52
  73. msgid ""
  74. "Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program and its "
  75. "man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also, prevent the "
  76. "installation of manual pages that were already installed in <xref "
  77. "linkend=\"ch-system-man-pages\"/>:"
  78. msgstr ""
  79. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  80. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:57
  81. #, no-wrap
  82. msgid ""
  83. "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in\n"
  84. "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\\.1 / /' {} \\;\n"
  85. "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\\.3 / /' {} \\;\n"
  86. "find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\\.5 / /' {} "
  87. "\\;</userinput>"
  88. msgstr ""
  89. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  90. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:62
  91. msgid ""
  92. "Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more "
  93. "secure <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> method of password encryption, which "
  94. "also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to "
  95. "change the obsolete <filename class=\"directory\">/var/spool/mail</filename> "
  96. "location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename "
  97. "class=\"directory\">/var/mail</filename> location used currently:"
  98. msgstr ""
  99. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  100. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:70
  101. #, no-wrap
  102. msgid ""
  103. "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD "
  104. "SHA512:' \\\n"
  105. " -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \\\n"
  106. " -i etc/login.defs</userinput>"
  107. msgstr ""
  108. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  109. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:75
  110. msgid "If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:"
  111. msgstr ""
  112. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
  113. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:77
  114. #, no-wrap
  115. msgid ""
  116. "<userinput>sed -i 's:DICTPATH.*:DICTPATH\\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict:' "
  117. "etc/login.defs</userinput>"
  118. msgstr ""
  119. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  120. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:80
  121. msgid ""
  122. "Make a minor change to make the first group number generated by useradd "
  123. "1000:"
  124. msgstr ""
  125. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  126. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:83
  127. #, no-wrap
  128. msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput>"
  129. msgstr ""
  130. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  131. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:85
  132. msgid "Prepare Shadow for compilation:"
  133. msgstr ""
  134. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  135. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:87
  136. #, no-wrap
  137. msgid ""
  138. "<userinput remap=\"configure\">touch /usr/bin/passwd\n"
  139. "./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \\\n"
  140. " --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>"
  141. msgstr ""
  142. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
  143. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:92
  144. msgid "The meaning of the configure option:"
  145. msgstr ""
  146. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  147. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:95
  148. msgid "<command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command>"
  149. msgstr ""
  150. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  151. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:97
  152. msgid ""
  153. "The file <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> needs to exist because its "
  154. "location is harcoded in some programs, and the default location if it does "
  155. "not exist is not right."
  156. msgstr ""
  157. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  158. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:103
  159. msgid "<parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter>"
  160. msgstr ""
  161. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  162. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:105
  163. msgid ""
  164. "The maximum user name is 32 characters. Make the maximum group name the "
  165. "same."
  166. msgstr ""
  167. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  168. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:112
  169. msgid "Compile the package:"
  170. msgstr ""
  171. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  172. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:114
  173. #, no-wrap
  174. msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"
  175. msgstr ""
  176. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  177. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:116
  178. msgid "This package does not come with a test suite."
  179. msgstr ""
  180. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  181. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:118
  182. msgid "Install the package:"
  183. msgstr ""
  184. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  185. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:120
  186. #, no-wrap
  187. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">make install</userinput>"
  188. msgstr ""
  189. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  190. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:136
  191. msgid "Configuring Shadow"
  192. msgstr ""
  193. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary>
  194. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:140
  195. msgid "configuring"
  196. msgstr ""
  197. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  198. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:143
  199. msgid ""
  200. "This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and groups; "
  201. "set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative tasks. For "
  202. "a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> means, "
  203. "see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source "
  204. "tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need to "
  205. "verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.) must "
  206. "be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with shadowed "
  207. "passwords."
  208. msgstr ""
  209. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  210. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:152
  211. msgid "To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:"
  212. msgstr ""
  213. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  214. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:154
  215. #, no-wrap
  216. msgid "<userinput>pwconv</userinput>"
  217. msgstr ""
  218. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  219. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:156
  220. msgid "To enable shadowed group passwords, run:"
  221. msgstr ""
  222. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  223. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:158
  224. #, no-wrap
  225. msgid "<userinput>grpconv</userinput>"
  226. msgstr ""
  227. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  228. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:160
  229. msgid ""
  230. "Shadow's stock configuration for the <command>useradd</command> utility has "
  231. "a few caveats that need some explanation. First, the default action for the "
  232. "<command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and a group of the "
  233. "same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) "
  234. "numbers will begin with 1000. This means if you don't pass parameters to "
  235. "<command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a unique group on "
  236. "the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need to pass the "
  237. "<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter to <command>useradd</command>. The "
  238. "default parameters are stored in the "
  239. "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file. You may need to modify two "
  240. "parameters in this file to suit your particular needs."
  241. msgstr ""
  242. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
  243. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:173
  244. msgid "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> Parameter Explanations"
  245. msgstr ""
  246. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  247. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:176
  248. msgid "<parameter>GROUP=1000</parameter>"
  249. msgstr ""
  250. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  251. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:178
  252. msgid ""
  253. "This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the "
  254. "/etc/group file. You can modify it to anything you desire. Note that "
  255. "<command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number "
  256. "identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number "
  257. "after this. Note also that if you don't have a group 1000 on your system the "
  258. "first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the "
  259. "<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, you'll get a message displayed on the "
  260. "terminal that says: <computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID "
  261. "1000</computeroutput>. You may disregard this message and group number 1000 "
  262. "will be used."
  263. msgstr ""
  264. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  265. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:191
  266. msgid "<parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter>"
  267. msgstr ""
  268. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  269. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:193
  270. msgid ""
  271. "This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a mailbox file "
  272. "for the newly created user. <command>useradd</command> will make the group "
  273. "ownership of this file to the <systemitem "
  274. "class=\"groupname\">mail</systemitem> group with 0660 permissions. If you "
  275. "would prefer that these mailbox files are not created by "
  276. "<command>useradd</command>, issue the following command:"
  277. msgstr ""
  278. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><screen>
  279. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:201
  280. #, no-wrap
  281. msgid "<userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput>"
  282. msgstr ""
  283. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  284. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:211
  285. msgid "Setting the root password"
  286. msgstr ""
  287. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  288. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:213
  289. msgid "Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it by running:"
  290. msgstr ""
  291. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  292. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:216
  293. #, no-wrap
  294. msgid "<userinput>passwd root</userinput>"
  295. msgstr ""
  296. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  297. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:221
  298. msgid "Contents of Shadow"
  299. msgstr ""
  300. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  301. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:224
  302. msgid "Installed programs"
  303. msgstr ""
  304. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  305. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:225
  306. msgid "Installed directory"
  307. msgstr ""
  308. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  309. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:228
  310. msgid ""
  311. "chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, "
  312. "groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, "
  313. "logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp, newuidmap, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, "
  314. "pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), su, useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr "
  315. "(link to vipw), and vipw"
  316. msgstr ""
  317. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  318. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:233
  319. msgid "/etc/default"
  320. msgstr ""
  321. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead>
  322. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:238
  323. msgid "Short Descriptions"
  324. msgstr ""
  325. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist>
  326. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:239
  327. msgid "<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
  328. msgstr ""
  329. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  330. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:243
  331. msgid "<command>chage</command>"
  332. msgstr ""
  333. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  334. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:245
  335. msgid ""
  336. "Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory password "
  337. "changes"
  338. msgstr ""
  339. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  340. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:248
  341. msgid "chage"
  342. msgstr ""
  343. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  344. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:254
  345. msgid "<command>chfn</command>"
  346. msgstr ""
  347. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  348. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:256
  349. msgid "Used to change a user's full name and other information"
  350. msgstr ""
  351. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  352. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:258
  353. msgid "chfn"
  354. msgstr ""
  355. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  356. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:264
  357. msgid "<command>chgpasswd</command>"
  358. msgstr ""
  359. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  360. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:266
  361. msgid "Used to update group passwords in batch mode"
  362. msgstr ""
  363. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  364. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:268
  365. msgid "chgpasswd"
  366. msgstr ""
  367. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  368. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:274
  369. msgid "<command>chpasswd</command>"
  370. msgstr ""
  371. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  372. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:276
  373. msgid "Used to update user passwords in batch mode"
  374. msgstr ""
  375. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  376. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:278
  377. msgid "chpasswd"
  378. msgstr ""
  379. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  380. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:284
  381. msgid "<command>chsh</command>"
  382. msgstr ""
  383. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  384. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:286
  385. msgid "Used to change a user's default login shell"
  386. msgstr ""
  387. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  388. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:288
  389. msgid "chsh"
  390. msgstr ""
  391. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  392. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:294
  393. msgid "<command>expiry</command>"
  394. msgstr ""
  395. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  396. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:296
  397. msgid "Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy"
  398. msgstr ""
  399. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  400. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:298
  401. msgid "expiry"
  402. msgstr ""
  403. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  404. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:304
  405. msgid "<command>faillog</command>"
  406. msgstr ""
  407. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  408. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:306
  409. msgid ""
  410. "Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum number of "
  411. "failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the failure count"
  412. msgstr ""
  413. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  414. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:310
  415. msgid "faillog"
  416. msgstr ""
  417. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  418. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:316
  419. msgid "<command>gpasswd</command>"
  420. msgstr ""
  421. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  422. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:318
  423. msgid "Is used to add and delete members and administrators to groups"
  424. msgstr ""
  425. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  426. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:321
  427. msgid "gpasswd"
  428. msgstr ""
  429. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  430. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:327
  431. msgid "<command>groupadd</command>"
  432. msgstr ""
  433. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  434. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:329
  435. msgid "Creates a group with the given name"
  436. msgstr ""
  437. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  438. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:331
  439. msgid "groupadd"
  440. msgstr ""
  441. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  442. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:337
  443. msgid "<command>groupdel</command>"
  444. msgstr ""
  445. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  446. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:339
  447. msgid "Deletes the group with the given name"
  448. msgstr ""
  449. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  450. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:341
  451. msgid "groupdel"
  452. msgstr ""
  453. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  454. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:347
  455. msgid "<command>groupmems</command>"
  456. msgstr ""
  457. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  458. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:349
  459. msgid ""
  460. "Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list without the "
  461. "requirement of super user privileges."
  462. msgstr ""
  463. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  464. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:352
  465. msgid "groupmems"
  466. msgstr ""
  467. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  468. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:358
  469. msgid "<command>groupmod</command>"
  470. msgstr ""
  471. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  472. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:360
  473. msgid "Is used to modify the given group's name or GID"
  474. msgstr ""
  475. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  476. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:362
  477. msgid "groupmod"
  478. msgstr ""
  479. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  480. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:368
  481. msgid "<command>grpck</command>"
  482. msgstr ""
  483. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  484. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:370
  485. msgid ""
  486. "Verifies the integrity of the group files <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
  487. "and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>"
  488. msgstr ""
  489. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  490. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:374
  491. msgid "grpck"
  492. msgstr ""
  493. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  494. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:380
  495. msgid "<command>grpconv</command>"
  496. msgstr ""
  497. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  498. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:382
  499. msgid "Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal group file"
  500. msgstr ""
  501. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  502. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:385
  503. msgid "grpconv"
  504. msgstr ""
  505. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  506. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:391
  507. msgid "<command>grpunconv</command>"
  508. msgstr ""
  509. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  510. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:393
  511. msgid ""
  512. "Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from "
  513. "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter"
  514. msgstr ""
  515. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  516. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:396
  517. msgid "grpunconv"
  518. msgstr ""
  519. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  520. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:402
  521. msgid "<command>lastlog</command>"
  522. msgstr ""
  523. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  524. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:404
  525. msgid "Reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
  526. msgstr ""
  527. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  528. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:407
  529. msgid "lastlog"
  530. msgstr ""
  531. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  532. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:413
  533. msgid "<command>login</command>"
  534. msgstr ""
  535. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  536. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:415
  537. msgid "Is used by the system to let users sign on"
  538. msgstr ""
  539. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  540. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:417
  541. msgid "login"
  542. msgstr ""
  543. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  544. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:423
  545. msgid "<command>logoutd</command>"
  546. msgstr ""
  547. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  548. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:425
  549. msgid "Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time and ports"
  550. msgstr ""
  551. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  552. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:428
  553. msgid "logoutd"
  554. msgstr ""
  555. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  556. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:434
  557. msgid "<command>newgidmap</command>"
  558. msgstr ""
  559. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  560. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:436
  561. msgid "Is used to set the gid mapping of a user namespace"
  562. msgstr ""
  563. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  564. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:438
  565. msgid "newgidmap"
  566. msgstr ""
  567. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  568. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:444
  569. msgid "<command>newgrp</command>"
  570. msgstr ""
  571. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  572. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:446
  573. msgid "Is used to change the current GID during a login session"
  574. msgstr ""
  575. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  576. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:448
  577. msgid "newgrp"
  578. msgstr ""
  579. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  580. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:454
  581. msgid "<command>newuidmap</command>"
  582. msgstr ""
  583. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  584. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:456
  585. msgid "Is used to set the uid mapping of a user namespace"
  586. msgstr ""
  587. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  588. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:458
  589. msgid "newuidmap"
  590. msgstr ""
  591. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  592. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:464
  593. msgid "<command>newusers</command>"
  594. msgstr ""
  595. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  596. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:466
  597. msgid "Is used to create or update an entire series of user accounts"
  598. msgstr ""
  599. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  600. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:469
  601. msgid "newusers"
  602. msgstr ""
  603. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  604. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:475
  605. msgid "<command>nologin</command>"
  606. msgstr ""
  607. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  608. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:477
  609. msgid ""
  610. "Displays a message that an account is not available; it is designed to be "
  611. "used as the default shell for accounts that have been disabled"
  612. msgstr ""
  613. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  614. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:481
  615. msgid "nologin"
  616. msgstr ""
  617. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  618. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:487
  619. msgid "<command>passwd</command>"
  620. msgstr ""
  621. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  622. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:489
  623. msgid "Is used to change the password for a user or group account"
  624. msgstr ""
  625. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  626. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:491
  627. msgid "passwd"
  628. msgstr ""
  629. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  630. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:497
  631. msgid "<command>pwck</command>"
  632. msgstr ""
  633. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  634. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:499
  635. msgid ""
  636. "Verifies the integrity of the password files "
  637. "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>"
  638. msgstr ""
  639. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  640. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:503
  641. msgid "pwck"
  642. msgstr ""
  643. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  644. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:509
  645. msgid "<command>pwconv</command>"
  646. msgstr ""
  647. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  648. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:511
  649. msgid "Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal password file"
  650. msgstr ""
  651. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  652. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:514
  653. msgid "pwconv"
  654. msgstr ""
  655. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  656. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:520
  657. msgid "<command>pwunconv</command>"
  658. msgstr ""
  659. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  660. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:522
  661. msgid ""
  662. "Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from "
  663. "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter"
  664. msgstr ""
  665. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  666. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:525
  667. msgid "pwunconv"
  668. msgstr ""
  669. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  670. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:531
  671. msgid "<command>sg</command>"
  672. msgstr ""
  673. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  674. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:533
  675. msgid ""
  676. "Executes a given command while the user's GID is set to that of the given "
  677. "group"
  678. msgstr ""
  679. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  680. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:536
  681. msgid "sg"
  682. msgstr ""
  683. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  684. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:542
  685. msgid "<command>su</command>"
  686. msgstr ""
  687. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  688. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:544
  689. msgid "Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs"
  690. msgstr ""
  691. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  692. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:546
  693. msgid "su"
  694. msgstr ""
  695. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  696. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:552
  697. msgid "<command>useradd</command>"
  698. msgstr ""
  699. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  700. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:554
  701. msgid ""
  702. "Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default new-user "
  703. "information"
  704. msgstr ""
  705. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  706. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:557
  707. msgid "useradd"
  708. msgstr ""
  709. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  710. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:563
  711. msgid "<command>userdel</command>"
  712. msgstr ""
  713. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  714. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:565
  715. msgid "Deletes the given user account"
  716. msgstr ""
  717. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  718. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:567
  719. msgid "userdel"
  720. msgstr ""
  721. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  722. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:573
  723. msgid "<command>usermod</command>"
  724. msgstr ""
  725. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  726. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:575
  727. msgid ""
  728. "Is used to modify the given user's login name, User Identification (UID), "
  729. "shell, initial group, home directory, etc."
  730. msgstr ""
  731. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  732. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:578
  733. msgid "usermod"
  734. msgstr ""
  735. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  736. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:584
  737. msgid "<command>vigr</command>"
  738. msgstr ""
  739. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  740. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:586
  741. msgid ""
  742. "Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or "
  743. "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files"
  744. msgstr ""
  745. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  746. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:589
  747. msgid "vigr"
  748. msgstr ""
  749. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  750. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:595
  751. msgid "<command>vipw</command>"
  752. msgstr ""
  753. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  754. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:597
  755. msgid ""
  756. "Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or "
  757. "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files"
  758. msgstr ""
  759. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  760. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:600
  761. msgid "vipw"
  762. msgstr ""