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kernel.po 31 KB

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  1. msgid ""
  2. msgstr ""
  3. "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
  4. "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-13 19:01+0800\n"
  5. "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
  6. "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
  7. "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
  8. "Language: zh_CN\n"
  9. "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
  10. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
  11. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
  12. "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n"
  13. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info><address>
  14. #, no-wrap
  15. msgid "&linux-url;"
  16. msgstr "&linux-url;"
  17. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info>
  18. msgid ""
  19. "<productname>kernel</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</"
  20. "productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
  21. msgstr ""
  22. "<productname>kernel</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</"
  23. "productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
  24. #. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
  25. msgid "Linux-&linux-version;"
  26. msgstr "Linux-&linux-version;"
  27. #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
  28. msgid "Linux"
  29. msgstr "Linux"
  30. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  31. msgid "The Linux package contains the Linux kernel."
  32. msgstr "Linux 软件包包含 Linux 内核。"
  33. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  34. msgid "&buildtime;"
  35. msgstr "&buildtime;"
  36. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  37. msgid "&diskspace;"
  38. msgstr "&diskspace;"
  39. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  40. msgid "&linux-knl-sbu;"
  41. msgstr "&linux-knl-sbu;"
  42. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  43. msgid "&linux-knl-du;"
  44. msgstr "&linux-knl-du;"
  45. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  46. msgid "Installation of the kernel"
  47. msgstr "安装内核"
  48. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  49. msgid ""
  50. "Building the kernel involves a few steps&mdash;configuration, compilation, "
  51. "and installation. Read the <filename>README</filename> file in the kernel "
  52. "source tree for alternative methods to the way this book configures the "
  53. "kernel."
  54. msgstr ""
  55. "构建内核需要三步 —— 配置、编译、安装。阅读内核源代码树中的 <filename>README</"
  56. "filename> 文件,了解不同于本手册的内核配置方法。"
  57. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  58. msgid "Prepare for compilation by running the following command:"
  59. msgstr "运行以下命令,准备编译内核:"
  60. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  61. #, no-wrap
  62. msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">make mrproper</userinput>"
  63. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"pre\">make mrproper</userinput>"
  64. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  65. msgid ""
  66. "This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The kernel team "
  67. "recommends that this command be issued prior to each kernel compilation. Do "
  68. "not rely on the source tree being clean after un-tarring."
  69. msgstr ""
  70. "该命令确保内核源代码树绝对干净,内核开发组建议在每次编译内核前运行该命令。尽"
  71. "管内核源代码树在解压后应该是干净的,但这并不完全可靠。"
  72. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  73. msgid ""
  74. "Configure the kernel via a menu-driven interface. For general information on "
  75. "kernel configuration see <ulink url=\"&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt\"/"
  76. ">. BLFS has some information regarding particular kernel configuration "
  77. "requirements of packages outside of LFS at <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;longindex."
  78. "html#kernel-config-index\"/>. Additional information about configuring and "
  79. "building the kernel can be found at <ulink url=\"http://www.kroah.com/lkn/\"/"
  80. ">"
  81. msgstr ""
  82. "下面通过菜单界面配置内核,阅读 <ulink url=\"&hints-root;kernel-configuration."
  83. "txt\"/> 了解关于内核配置的一般信息。BLFS 的某些软件包需要特定内核配置,阅读 "
  84. "<ulink url=\"&blfs-book;longindex.html#kernel-config-index\"/> 了解它们。另外"
  85. "在 <ulink url=\"http://www.kroah.com/lkn/\"/> 也有一些关于配置和构建内核的信"
  86. "息。"
  87. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  88. msgid ""
  89. "A good starting place for setting up the kernel configuration is to run "
  90. "<command>make defconfig</command>. This will set the base configuration to a "
  91. "good state that takes your current system architecture into account."
  92. msgstr ""
  93. "一个较好的初始内核配置可以通过运行 <command>make defconfig</command> 获得。它"
  94. "会考虑您的当前系统体系结构,将基本内核配置设定到较好的状态。"
  95. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  96. msgid ""
  97. "Be sure to enable/disable/set the following features or the system might not "
  98. "work correctly or boot at all:"
  99. msgstr ""
  100. "一定要按照以下列表启用/禁用/设定其中列出的内核特性,否则系统可能不能正常工"
  101. "作,甚至根本无法引导:"
  102. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
  103. #, no-wrap
  104. msgid ""
  105. "Device Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  106. " Generic Driver Options ---&gt;\n"
  107. " [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
  108. " [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]"
  109. msgstr ""
  110. "Device Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  111. " Generic Driver Options ---&gt;\n"
  112. " [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
  113. " [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]"
  114. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
  115. #, no-wrap
  116. msgid ""
  117. "General setup -->\n"
  118. " [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]\n"
  119. " [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]\n"
  120. " [*] Configure standard kernel features (expert users) [CONFIG_EXPERT] ---&gt; \n"
  121. " [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]\n"
  122. " [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]\n"
  123. "Processor type and features ---&gt;\n"
  124. " [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]\n"
  125. "Firmware Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  126. " [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]\n"
  127. "Networking support ---&gt;\n"
  128. " Networking options ---&gt;\n"
  129. " &lt;*&gt; The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]\n"
  130. "Device Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  131. " Generic Driver Options ---&gt;\n"
  132. " [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
  133. " [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]\n"
  134. " Firmware Loader ---&gt;\n"
  135. " [ ] Enable the firmware sysfs fallback mechanism [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]\n"
  136. "File systems ---&gt;\n"
  137. " [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]\n"
  138. " &lt;*&gt; Kernel automounter support (supports v3, v4, and v5) [CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS]\n"
  139. " Pseudo filesystems ---&gt;\n"
  140. " [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]\n"
  141. " [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]"
  142. msgstr ""
  143. "General setup -->\n"
  144. " [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]\n"
  145. " [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]\n"
  146. " [*] Configure standard kernel features (expert users) [CONFIG_EXPERT] ---&gt; \n"
  147. " [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]\n"
  148. " [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]\n"
  149. "Processor type and features ---&gt;\n"
  150. " [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]\n"
  151. "Firmware Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  152. " [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]\n"
  153. "Networking support ---&gt;\n"
  154. " Networking options ---&gt;\n"
  155. " &lt;*&gt; The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]\n"
  156. "Device Drivers ---&gt;\n"
  157. " Generic Driver Options ---&gt;\n"
  158. " [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
  159. " [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]\n"
  160. " Firmware Loader ---&gt;\n"
  161. " [ ] Enable the firmware sysfs fallback mechanism [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]\n"
  162. "File systems ---&gt;\n"
  163. " [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]\n"
  164. " &lt;*&gt; Kernel automounter support (supports v3, v4, and v5) [CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS]\n"
  165. " Pseudo filesystems ---&gt;\n"
  166. " [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]\n"
  167. " [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]"
  168. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  169. msgid ""
  170. "While \"The IPv6 Protocol\" is not strictly required, it is highly "
  171. "recommended by the systemd developers."
  172. msgstr ""
  173. "尽管 “The IPv6 Protocol” (IPv6 协议支持) 并不是严格要求的,但是 systemd 开发"
  174. "者强烈推荐启用它。"
  175. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  176. msgid ""
  177. "There are several other options that may be desired depending on the "
  178. "requirements for the system. For a list of options needed for BLFS packages, "
  179. "see the <ulink url=\"&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex."
  180. "html#kernel-config-index\">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink> (&lfs-root;"
  181. "blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index)."
  182. msgstr ""
  183. "根据系统的需求,可能需要一些其他配置选项。BLFS 软件包需要的内核配置选项列表可"
  184. "以在 <ulink url=\"&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-"
  185. "config-index\">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink> (&lfs-root;blfs/view/"
  186. "&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index) 查阅。"
  187. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  188. msgid ""
  189. "If your host hardware is using UEFI, then the 'make defconfig' above should "
  190. "automatically add in some EFI-related kernel options."
  191. msgstr ""
  192. "如果您的硬件平台使用 UEFI,则 “make defconfig” 命令也会自动加入一些 EFI 相关"
  193. "的内核选项。"
  194. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  195. msgid ""
  196. "In order to allow your LFS kernel to be booted from within your host's UEFI "
  197. "boot environment, your kernel must have this option selected:"
  198. msgstr ""
  199. "为了允许从宿主系统的 UEFI 引导环境引导 LFS 内核,您必须选择一个内核选项:"
  200. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
  201. #, no-wrap
  202. msgid ""
  203. "Processor type and features ---&gt;\n"
  204. " [*] EFI stub support [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]"
  205. msgstr ""
  206. "Processor type and features ---&gt;\n"
  207. " [*] EFI stub support [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]"
  208. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  209. msgid ""
  210. "A fuller description of managing UEFI environments from within LFS is "
  211. "covered by the lfs-uefi.txt hint at <ulink url=\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt\"/"
  212. ">."
  213. msgstr ""
  214. "在 LFS 中管理 UEFI 环境的较完整说明包含在 lfs-uefi.txt 中,它位于 <ulink url="
  215. "\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt\"/>。"
  216. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
  217. msgid "The rationale for the above configuration items:"
  218. msgstr "上述配置选项的含义:"
  219. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  220. msgid "<parameter>Support for uevent helper</parameter>"
  221. msgstr "<parameter>Support for uevent helper</parameter>"
  222. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  223. msgid ""
  224. "Having this option set may interfere with device management when using Udev/"
  225. "Eudev."
  226. msgstr "如果启用了该选项,它可能干扰 Udev/Eudev 的设备管理。"
  227. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  228. msgid "<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>"
  229. msgstr "<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>"
  230. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  231. msgid ""
  232. "This will create automated device nodes which are populated by the kernel, "
  233. "even without Udev running. Udev then runs on top of this, managing "
  234. "permissions and adding symlinks. This configuration item is required for "
  235. "all users of Udev/Eudev."
  236. msgstr ""
  237. "该选项会使内核自动创建设备节点,即使 Udev 没有运行。Udev 之后才在这些设备节点"
  238. "的基础上运行,管理它们的访问权限并为它们建立符号链接。所有 Udev/Eudev 用户都"
  239. "需要启用该选项。"
  240. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  241. #, no-wrap
  242. msgid "<userinput>make menuconfig</userinput>"
  243. msgstr "<userinput>make menuconfig</userinput>"
  244. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
  245. msgid "The meaning of optional make environment variables:"
  246. msgstr "以上命令中可选的 make 环境变量及含义:"
  247. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  248. msgid "<parameter>LANG=&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; LC_ALL=</parameter>"
  249. msgstr "<parameter>LANG=&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; LC_ALL=</parameter>"
  250. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  251. msgid ""
  252. "This establishes the locale setting to the one used on the host. This may "
  253. "be needed for a proper menuconfig ncurses interface line drawing on a UTF-8 "
  254. "linux text console."
  255. msgstr ""
  256. "它们根据宿主使用的 locale 建立 locale 设定。在 UTF-8 Linux 文本终端下,有时必"
  257. "须这样做才能正确绘制基于 ncurses 的配置菜单接口。"
  258. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  259. msgid ""
  260. "If used, be sure to replace <replaceable>&lt;host_LANG_value&gt;</"
  261. "replaceable> by the value of the <envar>$LANG</envar> variable from your "
  262. "host. You can alternatively use instead the host's value of <envar>$LC_ALL</"
  263. "envar> or <envar>$LC_CTYPE</envar>."
  264. msgstr ""
  265. "在这种情况下,一定要将 <replaceable>&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; </replaceable> 替"
  266. "换成宿主环境中的 <envar>$LANG</envar> 变量值。您也可以使用宿主环境中 <envar>"
  267. "$LC_ALL</envar> 或 <envar>$LC_CTYPE</envar> 的值代替。"
  268. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  269. msgid ""
  270. "Alternatively, <command>make oldconfig</command> may be more appropriate in "
  271. "some situations. See the <filename>README</filename> file for more "
  272. "information."
  273. msgstr ""
  274. "某些情况下,<command>make oldconfig</command> 更为合适。阅读 "
  275. "<filename>README</filename> 文件了解更多信息。"
  276. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  277. msgid ""
  278. "If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel config file, "
  279. "<filename>.config</filename>, from the host system (assuming it is "
  280. "available) to the unpacked <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-"
  281. "version;</filename> directory. However, we do not recommend this option. It "
  282. "is often better to explore all the configuration menus and create the kernel "
  283. "configuration from scratch."
  284. msgstr ""
  285. "如果希望的话,也可以将宿主系统的内核配置文件 <filename>.config</filename> 拷"
  286. "贝到解压出的 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</filename> "
  287. "目录 (前提是可以找到该文件)。然而我们不推荐这样做,一般来说,浏览整个配置目"
  288. "录,并从头创建内核配置是更好的选择。"
  289. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  290. msgid "Compile the kernel image and modules:"
  291. msgstr "编译内核映像和模块:"
  292. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  293. #, no-wrap
  294. msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"
  295. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"
  296. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  297. msgid ""
  298. "If using kernel modules, module configuration in <filename class=\"directory"
  299. "\">/etc/modprobe.d</filename> may be required. Information pertaining to "
  300. "modules and kernel configuration is located in <xref linkend=\"ch-config-udev"
  301. "\"/> and in the kernel documentation in the <filename class=\"directory"
  302. "\">linux-&linux-version;/Documentation</filename> directory. Also, "
  303. "<filename>modprobe.d(5)</filename> may be of interest."
  304. msgstr ""
  305. "如果要使用内核模块,可能需要在 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/modprobe."
  306. "d</filename> 中写入模块配置。讨论模块和内核配置的信息位于<xref linkend=\"ch-"
  307. "config-udev\"/>和 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;/"
  308. "Documentation </filename> 目录下的内核文档中。另外 <filename>modprobe.d(5)</"
  309. "filename> 也可以作为参考。"
  310. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  311. msgid ""
  312. "Unless module support has been disabled in the kernel configuration, install "
  313. "the modules with:"
  314. msgstr "如果内核配置使用了模块,安装它们:"
  315. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  316. #, no-wrap
  317. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">make modules_install</userinput>"
  318. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">make modules_install</userinput>"
  319. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  320. msgid ""
  321. "After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are required to "
  322. "complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to the <filename "
  323. "class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> directory."
  324. msgstr ""
  325. "在内核编译完成后,需要进行额外步骤完成安装,一些文件需要拷贝到 <filename "
  326. "class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> 目录中。"
  327. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><para>
  328. msgid ""
  329. "If the host system has a separate /boot partition, the files copied below "
  330. "should go there. The easiest way to do that is to bind /boot on the host "
  331. "(outside chroot) to /mnt/lfs/boot before proceeding. As the root user in "
  332. "the <emphasis>host system</emphasis>:"
  333. msgstr ""
  334. "如果宿主系统有单独的 /boot 分区,需要将这些文件拷贝到该分区中。最简单的方法是"
  335. "将宿主系统的 /boot (在 chroot 之外) 绑定到 /mnt/lfs/boot 再拷贝文件,在"
  336. "<emphasis>宿主系统</emphasis>中,以 root 身份执行:"
  337. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><screen>
  338. #, no-wrap
  339. msgid "<userinput>mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot</userinput>"
  340. msgstr "<userinput>mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot</userinput>"
  341. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  342. msgid ""
  343. "The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform being used. "
  344. "The filename below can be changed to suit your taste, but the stem of the "
  345. "filename should be <emphasis>vmlinuz</emphasis> to be compatible with the "
  346. "automatic setup of the boot process described in the next section. The "
  347. "following command assumes an x86 architecture:"
  348. msgstr ""
  349. "指向内核映像的路径可能随机器平台的不同而变化。下面使用的文件名可以依照您的需"
  350. "要改变,但文件名的开头应该保持为 <emphasis>vmlinuz</emphasis>,以保证和下一节"
  351. "描述的引导过程自动设定相兼容。下面的命令假定是机器是 x86 体系结构:"
  352. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  353. #, no-wrap
  354. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</userinput>"
  355. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</userinput>"
  356. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  357. #, no-wrap
  358. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</userinput>"
  359. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</userinput>"
  360. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  361. msgid ""
  362. "<filename>System.map</filename> is a symbol file for the kernel. It maps "
  363. "the function entry points of every function in the kernel API, as well as "
  364. "the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running kernel. It is "
  365. "used as a resource when investigating kernel problems. Issue the following "
  366. "command to install the map file:"
  367. msgstr ""
  368. "<filename>System.map</filename> 是内核符号文件,它将内核 API 的每个函数入口点"
  369. "和运行时数据结构映射到它们的地址。它被用于调查分析内核可能出现的问题。执行以"
  370. "下命令安装该文件:"
  371. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  372. #, no-wrap
  373. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  374. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  375. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  376. msgid ""
  377. "The kernel configuration file <filename>.config</filename> produced by the "
  378. "<command>make menuconfig</command> step above contains all the configuration "
  379. "selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It is a good idea to keep "
  380. "this file for future reference:"
  381. msgstr ""
  382. "内核配置文件 <filename>.config</filename> 由上述的 <command>make menuconfig</"
  383. "command> 步骤生成,包含编译好的内核的所有配置选项。最好能将它保留下来以供日后"
  384. "参考:"
  385. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  386. #, no-wrap
  387. msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  388. msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  389. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  390. msgid "Install the documentation for the Linux kernel:"
  391. msgstr "安装 Linux 内核文档:"
  392. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  393. #, no-wrap
  394. msgid ""
  395. "<userinput remap=\"install\">install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;\n"
  396. "cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  397. msgstr ""
  398. "<userinput remap=\"install\">install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;\n"
  399. "cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;</userinput>"
  400. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  401. msgid ""
  402. "It is important to note that the files in the kernel source directory are "
  403. "not owned by <emphasis>root</emphasis>. Whenever a package is unpacked as "
  404. "user <emphasis>root</emphasis> (like we did inside chroot), the files have "
  405. "the user and group IDs of whatever they were on the packager's computer. "
  406. "This is usually not a problem for any other package to be installed because "
  407. "the source tree is removed after the installation. However, the Linux source "
  408. "tree is often retained for a long time. Because of this, there is a chance "
  409. "that whatever user ID the packager used will be assigned to somebody on the "
  410. "machine. That person would then have write access to the kernel source."
  411. msgstr ""
  412. "需要注意的是,在内核源代码目录中可能有不属于 <emphasis>root</emphasis> 的文"
  413. "件。在以 <emphasis>root</emphasis> 身份解压源代码包时 (就像我们在 chroot 环境"
  414. "中所做的那样),这些文件会获得它们之前在软件包创建者的计算机上的用户和组 ID。"
  415. "这一般不会造成问题,因为在安装后通常会删除源代码目录树。然而,Linux 源代码目"
  416. "录树一般会被保留较长时间,这样创建者当时使用的用户 ID 就可能被分配给本机的某"
  417. "个用户,导致该用户拥有内核源代码的写权限。"
  418. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  419. msgid ""
  420. "In many cases, the configuration of the kernel will need to be updated for "
  421. "packages that will be installed later in BLFS. Unlike other packages, it is "
  422. "not necessary to remove the kernel source tree after the newly built kernel "
  423. "is installed."
  424. msgstr ""
  425. "之后在 BLFS 中安装软件包时往往需要修改内核配置。因此,和其他软件包不同,我们"
  426. "在安装好内核后可以不移除源代码树。"
  427. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  428. msgid ""
  429. "If the kernel source tree is going to be retained, run <command>chown -R "
  430. "0:0</command> on the <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</"
  431. "filename> directory to ensure all files are owned by user <emphasis>root</"
  432. "emphasis>."
  433. msgstr ""
  434. "如果要保留内核源代码树,切换到内核源代码目录,执行 <command>chown -R 0:0</"
  435. "command>,以保证 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</"
  436. "filename> 目录中所有文件都属于 <emphasis>root</emphasis>。"
  437. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para>
  438. msgid ""
  439. "Some kernel documentation recommends creating a symlink from <filename class="
  440. "\"symlink\">/usr/src/linux</filename> pointing to the kernel source "
  441. "directory. This is specific to kernels prior to the 2.6 series and "
  442. "<emphasis>must not</emphasis> be created on an LFS system as it can cause "
  443. "problems for packages you may wish to build once your base LFS system is "
  444. "complete."
  445. msgstr ""
  446. "有的内核文档建议创建符号链接 <filename class=\"symlink\">/usr/src/linux</"
  447. "filename> 指向内核源代码目录,这仅仅适用于 2.6 系列之前的内核。在 LFS 系统上"
  448. "<emphasis>绝对不要</emphasis>创建它,因为在构建完基本 LFS 系统后,它可能在您"
  449. "构建其他软件包时引起问题。"
  450. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para>
  451. msgid ""
  452. "The headers in the system's <filename class=\"directory\">include</filename> "
  453. "directory (<filename class=\"directory\">/usr/include</filename>) should "
  454. "<emphasis>always</emphasis> be the ones against which Glibc was compiled, "
  455. "that is, the sanitised headers installed in <xref linkend=\"ch-tools-linux-"
  456. "headers\"/>. Therefore, they should <emphasis>never</emphasis> be replaced "
  457. "by either the raw kernel headers or any other kernel sanitized headers."
  458. msgstr ""
  459. "在系统 <filename class=\"directory\">include</filename> 目录 (即 <filename "
  460. "class=\"directory\">/usr/include</filename>) 中的内核头文件应该<emphasis>总是"
  461. "</emphasis>与构建 Glibc 时使用的内核头文件一致,即保持为<xref linkend=\"ch-"
  462. "tools-linux-headers\"/>中安装的净化头文件。换句话说,<emphasis>永远不要</"
  463. "emphasis>用原始内核头文件,或其他版本内核的净化头文件替换它们。"
  464. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  465. msgid "Configuring Linux Module Load Order"
  466. msgstr "配置 Linux 内核模块加载顺序"
  467. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  468. msgid "/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf"
  469. msgstr "/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf"
  470. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  471. msgid ""
  472. "Most of the time Linux modules are loaded automatically, but sometimes it "
  473. "needs some specific direction. The program that loads modules, "
  474. "<command>modprobe</command> or <command>insmod</command>, uses <filename>/"
  475. "etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename> for this purpose. This file needs to be "
  476. "created so that if the USB drivers (ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd) have "
  477. "been built as modules, they will be loaded in the correct order; ehci_hcd "
  478. "needs to be loaded prior to ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd in order to avoid a "
  479. "warning being output at boot time."
  480. msgstr ""
  481. "多数情况下 Linux 内核模块可以自动加载,但有时需要指定加载顺序。负责加载内核模"
  482. "块的程序 <command>modprobe</command> 和 <command>insmod</command> 从 "
  483. "<filename>/etc/modprobe.d</filename> 下的配置文件中读取加载顺序,例如,如果 "
  484. "USB 驱动程序 (ehci_hcd、ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd) 被构建为模块,则必须按照先加载 "
  485. "echi_hcd,再加载 ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd 的正确顺序,才能避免引导时出现警告信"
  486. "息。"
  487. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  488. msgid ""
  489. "Create a new file <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename> by running "
  490. "the following:"
  491. msgstr ""
  492. "为此,执行以下命令创建文件 <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename>:"
  493. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  494. #, no-wrap
  495. msgid ""
  496. "<userinput>install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d\n"
  497. "cat &gt; /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  498. "<literal># Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf\n"
  499. "\n"
  500. "install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true\n"
  501. "install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true\n"
  502. "\n"
  503. "# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</literal>\n"
  504. "EOF</userinput>"
  505. msgstr ""
  506. "<userinput>install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d\n"
  507. "cat &gt; /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  508. "<literal># Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf\n"
  509. "\n"
  510. "install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true\n"
  511. "install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true\n"
  512. "\n"
  513. "# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</literal>\n"
  514. "EOF</userinput>"
  515. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  516. msgid "Contents of Linux"
  517. msgstr "Linux 的内容"
  518. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  519. msgid "Installed files"
  520. msgstr "安装的文件"
  521. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
  522. msgid "Installed directories"
  523. msgstr "安装的目录"
  524. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  525. msgid ""
  526. "config-&linux-version;, <phrase revision=\"sysv\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
  527. "lfs-&version;,</phrase> <phrase revision=\"systemd\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
  528. "lfs-&versiond;,</phrase> and System.map-&linux-version;"
  529. msgstr ""
  530. "config-&linux-version;, <phrase revision=\"sysv\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
  531. "lfs-&version;,</phrase> <phrase revision=\"systemd\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
  532. "lfs-&versiond;,</phrase> 以及 System.map-&linux-version;"
  533. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
  534. msgid "/lib/modules, /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;"
  535. msgstr "/lib/modules 和 /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;"
  536. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead>
  537. msgid "Short Descriptions"
  538. msgstr "简要描述"
  539. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist>
  540. msgid ""
  541. "<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
  542. msgstr ""
  543. "<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
  544. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  545. msgid "<filename>config-&linux-version;</filename>"
  546. msgstr "<filename>config-&linux-version;</filename>"
  547. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  548. msgid "Contains all the configuration selections for the kernel"
  549. msgstr "包含所有内核配置选项的值"
  550. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  551. msgid "/boot/config-&linux-version;"
  552. msgstr "/boot/config-&linux-version;"
  553. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  554. msgid "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</filename>"
  555. msgstr "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</filename>"
  556. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  557. msgid "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</filename>"
  558. msgstr "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</filename>"
  559. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  560. msgid ""
  561. "The engine of the Linux system. When turning on the computer, the kernel is "
  562. "the first part of the operating system that gets loaded. It detects and "
  563. "initializes all components of the computer's hardware, then makes these "
  564. "components available as a tree of files to the software and turns a single "
  565. "CPU into a multitasking machine capable of running scores of programs "
  566. "seemingly at the same time"
  567. msgstr ""
  568. "Linux 系统的引擎,在启动计算机时,它是操作系统中被最早加载的部分。它检测并初"
  569. "始化计算机硬件,将它们以目录树的形式提供给软件,并将单个 CPU 封装成多任务系"
  570. "统,使多个用户程序看上去在同时执行。"
  571. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  572. msgid "lfskernel-&linux-version;"
  573. msgstr "lfskernel-&linux-version;"
  574. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  575. msgid "<filename>System.map-&linux-version;</filename>"
  576. msgstr "<filename>System.map-&linux-version;</filename>"
  577. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  578. msgid ""
  579. "A list of addresses and symbols; it maps the entry points and addresses of "
  580. "all the functions and data structures in the kernel"
  581. msgstr "地址和符号列表;它将内核函数和数据结构映射为入口点和地址"
  582. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
  583. msgid "/boot/System.map-&linux-version;"
  584. msgstr "/boot/System.map-&linux-version;"