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  1. msgid ""
  2. msgstr ""
  3. "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
  4. "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n"
  5. "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
  6. "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
  7. "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
  8. "Language: zh_CN\n"
  9. "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
  10. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
  11. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
  12. "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n"
  13. #. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
  14. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:12
  15. msgid "System V Bootscript Usage and Configuration"
  16. msgstr "System V 引导脚本使用与配置"
  17. #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
  18. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:15
  19. msgid "Bootscripts"
  20. msgstr "Bootscripts"
  21. #. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><secondary>
  22. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:16
  23. msgid "usage"
  24. msgstr "usage"
  25. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  26. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:20
  27. msgid "How Do the System V Bootscripts Work?"
  28. msgstr "System V 引导脚本如何工作?"
  29. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  30. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:22
  31. msgid ""
  32. "Linux uses a special booting facility named SysVinit that is based on a "
  33. "concept of <emphasis>run-levels</emphasis>. It can be quite different from "
  34. "one system to another, so it cannot be assumed that because things worked in "
  35. "one particular Linux distribution, they should work the same in LFS too. LFS "
  36. "has its own way of doing things, but it respects generally accepted "
  37. "standards."
  38. msgstr ""
  39. "Linux 使用一种称为 SysVinit 的特殊引导架构,它基于<emphasis>运行级别</"
  40. "emphasis> (run-level) 的概念而构建。不同系统的 SysVinit 可能会区别很大,因此"
  41. "不能假设那些在某个 Linux 发行版上正常工作的方法也能在 LFS 正常工作。LFS 有一"
  42. "些独特的工作方式,但它也遵守被广泛接受的标准。"
  43. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  44. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:28
  45. msgid ""
  46. "SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on) "
  47. "works using a run-levels scheme. There are seven (numbered 0 to 6) run-"
  48. "levels (actually, there are more run-levels, but they are for special cases "
  49. "and are generally not used. See <filename>init(8)</filename> for more "
  50. "details), and each one of those corresponds to the actions the computer is "
  51. "supposed to perform when it starts up. The default run-level is 3. Here are "
  52. "the descriptions of the different run-levels as they are implemented:"
  53. msgstr ""
  54. "SysVinit (之后简称为<quote>init</quote>) 使用运行级别架构工作。有七个 (编号"
  55. "为 0 到 6) 运行级别 (实际上还有更多,但它们用于一些特殊情况,一般并不使用。参"
  56. "阅 <filename>init(8)</filename> 了解更多细节),每个都对应于计算机在启动时应该"
  57. "进行的一组操作。默认运行级别是 3,下面是不同运行级别的描述:"
  58. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><literallayout>
  59. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:36
  60. #, no-wrap
  61. msgid ""
  62. "0: halt the computer\n"
  63. "1: single-user mode\n"
  64. "2: multi-user mode without networking\n"
  65. "3: multi-user mode with networking\n"
  66. "4: reserved for customization, otherwise does the same as 3\n"
  67. "5: same as 4, it is usually used for GUI login (like X's <command>xdm</command> or KDE's <command>kdm</command>)\n"
  68. "6: reboot the computer"
  69. msgstr ""
  70. "0:停止系统运行\n"
  71. "1:单用户模式\n"
  72. "2:没有网络连接的多用户模式\n"
  73. "3:有网络连接的多用户模式\n"
  74. "4:保留用于自定义,如果没有自定义和 3 相同\n"
  75. "5:和 4 相同,一般用于 GUI 登录 (如 X 的 <command>xdm</command>) 或 KDE 的 <command>kdm</command>\n"
  76. "6:重启计算机"
  77. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  78. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:47
  79. msgid "Configuring Sysvinit"
  80. msgstr "配置 Sysvinit"
  81. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  82. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:50
  83. msgid "Sysvinit"
  84. msgstr "Sysvinit"
  85. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary>
  86. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:51
  87. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:245
  88. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:307
  89. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:541
  90. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:557
  91. msgid "configuring"
  92. msgstr "configuring"
  93. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  94. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:55
  95. msgid "/etc/inittab"
  96. msgstr "/etc/inittab"
  97. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  98. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:58
  99. msgid ""
  100. "During the kernel initialization, the first program that is run is either "
  101. "specified on the command line or, by default <command>init</command>. This "
  102. "program reads the initialization file <filename>/etc/inittab</filename>. "
  103. "Create this file with:"
  104. msgstr ""
  105. "在内核初始化过程中,如果内核命令行中指定了程序,则会首先运行它,否则默认首先"
  106. "运行 <command>init</command>。这个程序读取初始化文件 <filename>/etc/inittab</"
  107. "filename>。执行以下命令创建该文件:"
  108. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  109. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:63
  110. #, no-wrap
  111. msgid ""
  112. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inittab &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  113. "<literal># Begin /etc/inittab\n"
  114. "\n"
  115. "id:3:initdefault:\n"
  116. "\n"
  117. "si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S\n"
  118. "\n"
  119. "l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0\n"
  120. "l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1\n"
  121. "l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2\n"
  122. "l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3\n"
  123. "l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4\n"
  124. "l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5\n"
  125. "l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6\n"
  126. "\n"
  127. "ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now\n"
  128. "\n"
  129. "su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin\n"
  130. "\n"
  131. "1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600\n"
  132. "2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600\n"
  133. "3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600\n"
  134. "4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600\n"
  135. "5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600\n"
  136. "6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600\n"
  137. "\n"
  138. "# End /etc/inittab</literal>\n"
  139. "EOF</userinput>"
  140. msgstr ""
  141. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inittab &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  142. "<literal># Begin /etc/inittab\n"
  143. "\n"
  144. "id:3:initdefault:\n"
  145. "\n"
  146. "si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S\n"
  147. "\n"
  148. "l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0\n"
  149. "l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1\n"
  150. "l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2\n"
  151. "l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3\n"
  152. "l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4\n"
  153. "l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5\n"
  154. "l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6\n"
  155. "\n"
  156. "ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now\n"
  157. "\n"
  158. "su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin\n"
  159. "\n"
  160. "1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600\n"
  161. "2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600\n"
  162. "3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600\n"
  163. "4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600\n"
  164. "5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600\n"
  165. "6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600\n"
  166. "\n"
  167. "# End /etc/inittab</literal>\n"
  168. "EOF</userinput>"
  169. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  170. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:92
  171. msgid ""
  172. "An explanation of this initialization file is in the man page for "
  173. "<emphasis>inittab</emphasis>. For LFS, the key command that is run is "
  174. "<command>rc</command>. The initialization file above will instruct "
  175. "<command>rc</command> to run all the scripts starting with an S in the "
  176. "<filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/rcS.d</filename> directory followed "
  177. "by all the scripts starting with an S in the <filename class=\"directory\">/"
  178. "etc/rc.d/rc?.d</filename> directory where the question mark is specified by "
  179. "the initdefault value."
  180. msgstr ""
  181. "在 <emphasis>inittab</emphasis> 的 man 页面中可以找到对该初始化文件的解释。对"
  182. "于 LFS,它指定运行的关键命令是 <command>rc</command>。上面的初始化文件会指"
  183. "示 <command>rc</command> 先运行 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/rcS."
  184. "d</filename> 目录中所有文件名以 S 开头的脚本,再运行 <filename class="
  185. "\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/rc?.d</filename> 目录中所有文件名以 S 开头的脚本。这"
  186. "里问号表示 initdefault 值指定的默认运行级别。"
  187. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  188. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:101
  189. msgid ""
  190. "As a convenience, the <command>rc</command> script reads a library of "
  191. "functions in <filename class=\"directory\">/lib/lsb/init-functions</"
  192. "filename>. This library also reads an optional configuration file, "
  193. "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>. Any of the system "
  194. "configuration file parameters described in subsequent sections can be "
  195. "alternatively placed in this file allowing consolidation of all system "
  196. "parameters in this one file."
  197. msgstr ""
  198. "为了方便起见,<command>rc</command> 脚本从 <filename class=\"directory\">/"
  199. "lib/lsb/init-functions</filename> 中读取脚本函数库。该函数库又会读取一个可选"
  200. "的配置文件,<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>。如果您希望将所有系统"
  201. "参数集中到一个文件中,可以将以下各节描述的系统配置文件参数都写入这一个文件,"
  202. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  203. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:109
  204. msgid ""
  205. "As a debugging convenience, the functions script also logs all output to "
  206. "<filename>/run/var/bootlog</filename>. Since the <filename class=\"directory"
  207. "\">/run</filename> directory is a tmpfs, this file is not persistent across "
  208. "boots, however it is appended to the more permanent file <filename>/var/log/"
  209. "boot.log</filename> at the end of the boot process."
  210. msgstr ""
  211. "为了方便调试,脚本函数会将所有输出记录到 <filename>/run/var/bootlog</"
  212. "filename>。由于 <filename class=\"directory\">/run</filename> 是 tmpfs,这个"
  213. "文件在重新启动时不会被保留。然而,在引导过程结束时,该文件的内容会被附加到更"
  214. "持久的日志文件 <filename>/var/log/boot.log</filename> 的末尾。"
  215. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
  216. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:116
  217. msgid "Changing Run Levels"
  218. msgstr "切换运行级别"
  219. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
  220. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:118
  221. msgid ""
  222. "Changing run-levels is done with <command>init <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;"
  223. "</replaceable></command>, where <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable> "
  224. "is the target run-level. For example, to reboot the computer, a user could "
  225. "issue the <command>init 6</command> command, which is an alias for the "
  226. "<command>reboot</command> command. Likewise, <command>init 0</command> is an "
  227. "alias for the <command>halt</command> command."
  228. msgstr ""
  229. "通过命令 <command>init <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable></command> "
  230. "可以切换运行级别,这里<replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable> 是希望切换"
  231. "到的运行级别。例如,为了重新启动计算机,用户可以执行 <command>init 6</"
  232. "command> 命令,它和 <command>reboot</command> 作用相同。同样,<command>init "
  233. "0</command> 和 <command>halt</command> 作用相同。"
  234. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
  235. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:126
  236. msgid ""
  237. "There are a number of directories under <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/"
  238. "rc.d</filename> that look like <filename class=\"directory\">rc?.d</"
  239. "filename> (where ? is the number of the run-level) and <filename class="
  240. "\"directory\">rcsysinit.d</filename>, all containing a number of symbolic "
  241. "links. Some begin with a <emphasis>K</emphasis>, the others begin with an "
  242. "<emphasis>S</emphasis>, and all of them have two numbers following the "
  243. "initial letter. The K means to stop (kill) a service and the S means to "
  244. "start a service. The numbers determine the order in which the scripts are "
  245. "run, from 00 to 99&mdash;the lower the number the earlier it gets executed. "
  246. "When <command>init</command> switches to another run-level, the appropriate "
  247. "services are either started or stopped, depending on the runlevel chosen."
  248. msgstr ""
  249. "在 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d</filename> 中有一些名字如同 "
  250. "<filename class=\"directory\">rc?.d</filename> 的目录 (这里 ? 是运行级别编"
  251. "号),以及一个目录 <filename class=\"directory\">rcsysinit.d</filename>,这些"
  252. "目录都包含一些符号链接。它们的文件名都以 <emphasis>K</emphasis> 或 "
  253. "<emphasis>S</emphasis> 开头,且文件名中这两个字母之后一定有两位数字。K 表示停"
  254. "止 (杀死,kill) 一个服务,而 S 表示启动 (start) 一个服务。两位数字决定脚本运"
  255. "行的顺序,从 00 到 99 —— 数字更小的脚本更早执行。当 <command>init</command> "
  256. "切换到另一个运行级别时,它会执行这些脚本,从而适当地启动或停止服务,满足选择"
  257. "的运行级别要求。"
  258. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
  259. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:138
  260. msgid ""
  261. "The real scripts are in <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc.d/init.d</"
  262. "filename>. They do the actual work, and the symlinks all point to them. K "
  263. "links and S links point to the same script in <filename class=\"directory\">/"
  264. "etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>. This is because the scripts can be called with "
  265. "different parameters like <parameter>start</parameter>, <parameter>stop</"
  266. "parameter>, <parameter>restart</parameter>, <parameter>reload</parameter>, "
  267. "and <parameter>status</parameter>. When a K link is encountered, the "
  268. "appropriate script is run with the <parameter>stop</parameter> argument. "
  269. "When an S link is encountered, the appropriate script is run with the "
  270. "<parameter>start</parameter> argument."
  271. msgstr ""
  272. "上述符号链接实际指向的脚本文件位于 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/rc/"
  273. "init.d</filename>。它们完成实际的工作。一对 K 链接和 S 链接指向 <filename "
  274. "class=\"directory\">/etc/rc/init.d</filename> 中的同一脚本,这是因为脚本接受"
  275. "不同的参数,如<parameter>start</parameter>,<parameter>stop</parameter>,"
  276. "<parameter>restart</parameter>,<parameter>reload</parameter>,以及 "
  277. "<parameter>status</parameter>。在发现 K 链接时,会以 <parameter>stop</"
  278. "parameter> 参数运行脚本。在发现 S 链接时,会以 <parameter>start</parameter> "
  279. "参数运行脚本。"
  280. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
  281. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:150
  282. msgid ""
  283. "There is one exception to this explanation. Links that start with an "
  284. "<emphasis>S</emphasis> in the <filename class=\"directory\">rc0.d</filename> "
  285. "and <filename class=\"directory\">rc6.d</filename> directories will not "
  286. "cause anything to be started. They will be called with the parameter "
  287. "<parameter>stop</parameter> to stop something. The logic behind this is that "
  288. "when a user is going to reboot or halt the system, nothing needs to be "
  289. "started. The system only needs to be stopped."
  290. msgstr ""
  291. "以上解释有一个例外情况。在文件名以 <emphasis>S</emphasis> 开头的符号链接出现"
  292. "在 <filename class=\"directory\">rc0.d</filename> 或 <filename class="
  293. "\"directory\">rc6.d</filename> 中时,它们不会启动任何服务。相反,它们被以参"
  294. "数 <parameter>stop</parameter> 调用,并停止服务。这样做的逻辑是,在用户重新启"
  295. "动系统或停止系统运行时,不需要启动任何服务,只需要停止整个系统。"
  296. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
  297. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:159
  298. msgid "These are descriptions of what the arguments make the scripts do:"
  299. msgstr "下面是脚本接受的不同参数及其解释:"
  300. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  301. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:165
  302. msgid "<parameter>start</parameter>"
  303. msgstr "<parameter>start</parameter>"
  304. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  305. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:167
  306. msgid "The service is started."
  307. msgstr "启动服务。"
  308. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  309. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:172
  310. msgid "<parameter>stop</parameter>"
  311. msgstr "<parameter>stop</parameter>"
  312. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  313. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:174
  314. msgid "The service is stopped."
  315. msgstr "停止服务。"
  316. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  317. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:179
  318. msgid "<parameter>restart</parameter>"
  319. msgstr "<parameter>restart</parameter>"
  320. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  321. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:181
  322. msgid "The service is stopped and then started again."
  323. msgstr "停止服务,再重新启动它。"
  324. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  325. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:186
  326. msgid "<parameter>reload</parameter>"
  327. msgstr "<parameter>reload</parameter>"
  328. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  329. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:188
  330. msgid ""
  331. "The configuration of the service is updated. This is used after the "
  332. "configuration file of a service was modified, when the service does not need "
  333. "to be restarted."
  334. msgstr ""
  335. "更新服务配置。当服务的配置文件被修改后,如果不需要重新启动它,就使用该参数。"
  336. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  337. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:195
  338. msgid "<parameter>status</parameter>"
  339. msgstr "<parameter>status</parameter>"
  340. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  341. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:197
  342. msgid "Tells if the service is running and with which PIDs."
  343. msgstr "报告服务是否正在运行中,如果正在运行,报告其 PID。"
  344. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
  345. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:203
  346. msgid ""
  347. "Feel free to modify the way the boot process works (after all, it is your "
  348. "own LFS system). The files given here are an example of how it can be done."
  349. msgstr ""
  350. "您可以自由修改引导过程的工作方式 (毕竟这是您自己的 LFS 系统。)我们给出的文件"
  351. "只是示例,展示完成引导过程的一种方式。"
  352. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  353. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:211
  354. msgid "Udev Bootscripts"
  355. msgstr "Udev 引导脚本"
  356. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  357. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:213
  358. msgid ""
  359. "The <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</filename> initscript starts "
  360. "<command>udevd</command>, triggers any \"coldplug\" devices that have "
  361. "already been created by the kernel and waits for any rules to complete. The "
  362. "script also unsets the uevent handler from the default of <filename>/sbin/"
  363. "hotplug </filename>. This is done because the kernel no longer needs to "
  364. "call out to an external binary. Instead <command>udevd</command> will "
  365. "listen on a netlink socket for uevents that the kernel raises."
  366. msgstr ""
  367. "<filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev</filename> 初始化脚本启动 <command>udevd</"
  368. "command>,触发内核已经创建的“冷插拔”设备,并等待所有 udev 规则执行完毕。该脚"
  369. "本也会取消默认的 uevent 处理程序 <filename>/sbin/hotplug</filename>。这是因为"
  370. "内核不再需要调用外部二进制程序。相反,<command>udevd</command> 会监听一个 "
  371. "netlink 套接字,以获取内核发出的 uevent 事件。"
  372. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  373. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:222
  374. msgid ""
  375. "The <command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</command> initscript takes care of "
  376. "re-triggering events for subsystems whose rules may rely on filesystems that "
  377. "are not mounted until the <command>mountfs</command> script is run (in "
  378. "particular, <filename class=\"directory\">/usr</filename> and <filename "
  379. "class=\"directory\">/var</filename> may cause this). This script runs after "
  380. "the <command>mountfs</command> script, so those rules (if re-triggered) "
  381. "should succeed the second time around. It is configured from the <filename>/"
  382. "etc/sysconfig/udev_retry</filename> file; any words in this file other than "
  383. "comments are considered subsystem names to trigger at retry time. To find "
  384. "the subsystem of a device, use <command>udevadm info --attribute-walk &lt;"
  385. "device&gt;</command> where &lt;device&gt; is an absolute path in /dev or /"
  386. "sys such as /dev/sr0 or /sys/class/rtc."
  387. msgstr ""
  388. "<command>/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev_retry</command> 初始化脚本处理一些子系统的重新"
  389. "触发事件,这些子系统的规则可能依赖于 <command>mountfs</command> 脚本运行时才"
  390. "会挂载的文件系统 (特别地,独立挂载的 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr</"
  391. "filename> 和 <filename class=\"directory\">/var</filename> 文件系统会导致这种"
  392. "现象)。该脚本在 <command>mountfs</command> 脚本之后运行,因此这些规则 (如果"
  393. "被重新触发) 这一次应该能够成功执行。配置文件 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/"
  394. "udev_retry</filename> 文件配置该脚本,其中除注释外的每个单词都被认为是一个需"
  395. "要重新触发的子系统名。为了找到某个设备的子系统,可以使用命令 "
  396. "<command>udevadm info --attribute-walk &lt;device&gt;</command>,这里 &lt;"
  397. "device&gt; 是一个 /dev 或 /sys 中的绝对路径,例如 /dev/sr0 或 /sys/class/"
  398. "rtc。"
  399. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  400. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:236
  401. msgid ""
  402. "For information on kernel module loading and udev, see <xref linkend="
  403. "\"module-loading\"/>."
  404. msgstr ""
  405. "参阅<xref linkend=\"module-loading\"/>了解更多关于模块加载和 udev 的信息。"
  406. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  407. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:241
  408. msgid "Configuring the System Clock"
  409. msgstr "配置系统时钟"
  410. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  411. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:244
  412. msgid "setclock"
  413. msgstr "setclock"
  414. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  415. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:247
  416. msgid ""
  417. "The <command>setclock</command> script reads the time from the hardware "
  418. "clock, also known as the BIOS or the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor "
  419. "(CMOS) clock. If the hardware clock is set to UTC, this script will convert "
  420. "the hardware clock's time to the local time using the <filename>/etc/"
  421. "localtime</filename> file (which tells the <command>hwclock</command> "
  422. "program which timezone to use). There is no way to detect whether or not the "
  423. "hardware clock is set to UTC, so this needs to be configured manually."
  424. msgstr ""
  425. "<command>setclock</command> 脚本从硬件时钟读取时间,硬件时钟也常被称为 BIOS "
  426. "时钟或互补金属氧化物半导体 (CMOS) 时钟。如果硬件时钟被设为 UTC 时间,该脚本会"
  427. "根据 <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> 文件 (它告知 <command>hwclock</"
  428. "command> 程序用户处于哪个时区),将硬件时钟的时间转换成本地时间。不存在确定硬"
  429. "件时钟是否为 UTC 的方法,因此这必须手动设置。"
  430. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  431. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:256
  432. msgid ""
  433. "The <command>setclock</command> program is run via <application>udev</"
  434. "application> when the kernel detects the hardware capability upon boot. It "
  435. "can also be run manually with the stop parameter to store the system time to "
  436. "the CMOS clock."
  437. msgstr ""
  438. "<command>setclock</command> 在引导后,由内核检测硬件功能时通过 "
  439. "<application>udev</application> 执行。可以用 stop 参数手动调用它,以将系统时"
  440. "间写入 CMOS 时钟。"
  441. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  442. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:261
  443. msgid ""
  444. "If you cannot remember whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC, find "
  445. "out by running the <userinput>hwclock --localtime --show</userinput> "
  446. "command. This will display what the current time is according to the "
  447. "hardware clock. If this time matches whatever your watch says, then the "
  448. "hardware clock is set to local time. If the output from <command>hwclock</"
  449. "command> is not local time, chances are it is set to UTC time. Verify this "
  450. "by adding or subtracting the proper amount of hours for the timezone to the "
  451. "time shown by <command>hwclock</command>. For example, if you are currently "
  452. "in the MST timezone, which is also known as GMT -0700, add seven hours to "
  453. "the local time."
  454. msgstr ""
  455. "如果您不确定您的硬件时钟是否设置为 UTC,运行 <userinput>hwclock --localtime "
  456. "--show</userinput> 命令,它会显示硬件时钟给出的当前时间。如果这个时间和您的手"
  457. "表显示的一致,则说明硬件时钟被设定为本地时间。相反,如果 <command>hwclock</"
  458. "command> 输出的时间不是本地时间,则硬件时钟很可能被设定为 UTC 时间。根据您的"
  459. "时区,在 <command>hwclock</command> 显示的时间上加减对应的小时数,进行进一步"
  460. "的验证。例如,如果您现在处于莫斯科时区,即 GMT -0700,在本地时间上加 7 小"
  461. "时,再进行比较。"
  462. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  463. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:272
  464. msgid ""
  465. "Change the value of the <envar>UTC</envar> variable below to a value of "
  466. "<parameter>0</parameter> (zero) if the hardware clock is <emphasis>NOT</"
  467. "emphasis> set to UTC time."
  468. msgstr ""
  469. "将下面的配置文件中的 <envar>UTC</envar> 变量值改为 <parameter>0</parameter> "
  470. "(零),表示硬件时钟<emphasis>没有</emphasis>设为 UTC。"
  471. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  472. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:276
  473. msgid ""
  474. "Create a new file <filename>/etc/sysconfig/clock</filename> by running the "
  475. "following:"
  476. msgstr ""
  477. "执行以下命令,创建新的 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/clock</filename> 文件:"
  478. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  479. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:279
  480. #, no-wrap
  481. msgid ""
  482. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/clock &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  483. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock\n"
  484. "\n"
  485. "UTC=1\n"
  486. "\n"
  487. "# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,\n"
  488. "# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.\n"
  489. "CLOCKPARAMS=\n"
  490. "\n"
  491. "# End /etc/sysconfig/clock</literal>\n"
  492. "EOF</userinput>"
  493. msgstr ""
  494. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/clock &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  495. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock\n"
  496. "\n"
  497. "UTC=1\n"
  498. "\n"
  499. "# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,\n"
  500. "# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.\n"
  501. "CLOCKPARAMS=\n"
  502. "\n"
  503. "# End /etc/sysconfig/clock</literal>\n"
  504. "EOF</userinput>"
  505. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  506. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:291
  507. msgid ""
  508. "A good hint explaining how to deal with time on LFS is available at <ulink "
  509. "url=\"&hints-root;time.txt\"/>. It explains issues such as time zones, UTC, "
  510. "and the <envar>TZ</envar> environment variable."
  511. msgstr ""
  512. "在 <ulink url=\"&hints-root;time.txt\"/> 可以找到一个较好地介绍了如何在 LFS "
  513. "中处理时间问题的 hint。它解释了与时区,UTC,以及 <envar>TZ</envar> 环境变量相"
  514. "关的问题。"
  515. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  516. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:295
  517. msgid ""
  518. "The CLOCKPARAMS and UTC paramaters may also be set in the <filename>/etc/"
  519. "sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file."
  520. msgstr ""
  521. "CLOCKPARAMS 和 UTC 参数也可以在 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> "
  522. "文件中设置。"
  523. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  524. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:303
  525. msgid "Configuring the Linux Console"
  526. msgstr "配置 Linux 控制台"
  527. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  528. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:306
  529. msgid "console"
  530. msgstr "console"
  531. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  532. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:310
  533. msgid ""
  534. "This section discusses how to configure the <command>console</command> "
  535. "bootscript that sets up the keyboard map, console font, and console kernel "
  536. "log level. If non-ASCII characters (e.g., the copyright sign, the British "
  537. "pound sign and Euro symbol) will not be used and the keyboard is a U.S. one, "
  538. "much of this section can be skipped. Without the configuration file, (or "
  539. "equivalent settings in <filename>rc.site</filename>), the <command>console</"
  540. "command> bootscript will do nothing."
  541. msgstr ""
  542. "本节讨论如何配置 <command>console</command> 引导脚本,使之正确设定键盘映射,"
  543. "控制台字体,以及控制台内核日志级别。如果不使用非 ASCII 字符 (如版权符号,英镑"
  544. "符号,或者欧元符号),而且使用美式键盘,则可以忽略本节的大多数内容。如果不创建"
  545. "本节的配置文件 (且 <filename>rc.site</filename> 中没有对应的设置),则 "
  546. "<command>console</command> 脚本什么也不做。"
  547. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  548. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:318
  549. msgid ""
  550. "The <command>console</command> script reads the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/"
  551. "console</filename> file for configuration information. Decide which keymap "
  552. "and screen font will be used. Various language-specific HOWTOs can also help "
  553. "with this, see <ulink url=\"http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang."
  554. "html\"/>. If still in doubt, look in the <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/"
  555. "share/keymaps</filename> and <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/share/"
  556. "consolefonts</filename> directories for valid keymaps and screen fonts. Read "
  557. "<filename>loadkeys(1)</filename> and <filename>setfont(8)</filename> manual "
  558. "pages to determine the correct arguments for these programs."
  559. msgstr ""
  560. "<command>console</command> 脚本读取 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</"
  561. "filename> 中的配置信息。它根据配置决定使用何种键映射和控制台字体。一些与特定"
  562. "语言相关的 HOWTO 文档可以帮助您进行配置,参阅 <ulink url=\"http://www.tldp."
  563. "org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html\"/>。如果仍然有疑问,在<filename class="
  564. "\"directory\">/usr/share/keymaps</filename> 和 <filename class=\"directory"
  565. "\">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> 中寻找可用的键映射和控制台字体,并阅读 "
  566. "<filename>loadkeys(1)</filename> 和 <filename>setfont(8)</filename> man 页"
  567. "面,以确认应该传递给这两个程序的正确参数。"
  568. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  569. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:329
  570. msgid ""
  571. "The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file should contain lines of "
  572. "the form: VARIABLE=\"value\". The following variables are recognized:"
  573. msgstr ""
  574. "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> 文件应该包含若干行,每一行的的格"
  575. "式都是:变量名=\"值\"。下列变量名会被识别:"
  576. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  577. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:334
  578. msgid "LOGLEVEL"
  579. msgstr "LOGLEVEL"
  580. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  581. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:336
  582. msgid ""
  583. "This variable specifies the log level for kernel messages sent to the "
  584. "console as set by <command>dmesg -n</command>. Valid levels are from "
  585. "\"1\" (no messages) to \"8\". The default level is \"7\"."
  586. msgstr ""
  587. "该变量指定被发送到控制台的内核消息日志级别,正如使用 <command>dmesg</"
  588. "command> 设置的那样。有效的级别是“1” (不输出内核消息) 到“8”之间的某个数。"
  589. "默认的日志级别是“7”。"
  590. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  591. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:343
  592. msgid "KEYMAP"
  593. msgstr "KEYMAP"
  594. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  595. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:345
  596. msgid ""
  597. "This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>loadkeys</command> "
  598. "program, typically, the name of keymap to load, e.g., <quote>it</quote>. If "
  599. "this variable is not set, the bootscript will not run the <command>loadkeys</"
  600. "command> program, and the default kernel keymap will be used. Note that a "
  601. "few keymaps have multiple versions with the same name (cz and its variants "
  602. "in qwerty/ and qwertz/, es in olpc/ and qwerty/, and trf in fgGIod/ and "
  603. "qwerty/). In these cases the parent directory should also be specified (e.g. "
  604. "qwerty/es) to ensure the proper keymap is loaded."
  605. msgstr ""
  606. "该变量指定传递给 <command>loadkeys</command> 程序的参数,它通常是需要加载的键"
  607. "映射名,例如<quote>it</quote>。如果这个变量没有设定,引导脚本不会运行 "
  608. "<command>loadkeys</command>,系统将使用内核的默认键映射。注意某些键映射有文件"
  609. "名相同的不同版本 (例如 cz 的和它的变体在 qwerty/ 和 qwertz/ 中,es 在 olpc/ "
  610. "和 qwerty/ 中,以及 trf 在 fgGIod/ 和 qwerty/ 中)。在这种情况下,父目录名也要"
  611. "指定 (例如 qwerty/es),以保证加载正确的键映射。"
  612. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  613. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:359
  614. msgid "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS"
  615. msgstr "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS"
  616. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  617. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:361
  618. msgid ""
  619. "This (rarely used) variable specifies the arguments for the second call to "
  620. "the <command>loadkeys</command> program. This is useful if the stock keymap "
  621. "is not completely satisfactory and a small adjustment has to be made. E.g., "
  622. "to include the Euro sign into a keymap that normally doesn't have it, set "
  623. "this variable to <quote>euro2</quote>."
  624. msgstr ""
  625. "这个 (很少使用的) 变量指定第二次调用 <command>loadkeys</command> 程序时使用的"
  626. "参数。如果现有的键映射不完全符合要求,需要进行微调,这个变量是很有用的。例"
  627. "如,如果需要为通常不包含欧元符号的键映射添加它,将这个变量设为<quote>euro2</"
  628. "quote>。"
  629. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  630. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:371
  631. msgid "FONT"
  632. msgstr "FONT"
  633. #. because of the copyright sign
  634. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  635. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:373
  636. msgid ""
  637. "This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>setfont</command> "
  638. "program. Typically, this includes the font name, <quote>-m</quote>, and the "
  639. "name of the application character map to load. E.g., in order to load the "
  640. "<quote>lat1-16</quote> font together with the <quote>8859-1</quote> "
  641. "application character map (as it is appropriate in the USA), set this "
  642. "variable to <quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>. In UTF-8 mode, the kernel "
  643. "uses the application character map for conversion of composed 8-bit key "
  644. "codes in the keymap to UTF-8, and thus the argument of the \"-m\" parameter "
  645. "should be set to the encoding of the composed key codes in the keymap."
  646. msgstr ""
  647. "该变量指定传递给 <command>setfont</command> 程序的参数。通常它包含字体名,"
  648. "<quote>-m</quote>,以及需要加载的应用程序字符映射名。例如,为了加载 "
  649. "<quote>lat1-16</quote>字体和<quote>8859-1</quote>应用程序字符映射 (这适用"
  650. "于美国),可以将该变量设置为<quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>。在 UTF-8 模式"
  651. "下,内核使用应用程序字符映射将键映射中编组的 8 位键码转化为 UTF-8,因此 “-m” "
  652. "参数的值应该被设定为键映射中编组的键码编码。"
  653. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  654. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:390
  655. msgid "UNICODE"
  656. msgstr "UNICODE"
  657. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  658. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:392
  659. msgid ""
  660. "Set this variable to <quote>1</quote>, <quote>yes</quote> or <quote>true</"
  661. "quote> in order to put the console into UTF-8 mode. This is useful in UTF-8 "
  662. "based locales and harmful otherwise."
  663. msgstr ""
  664. "将该变量设为<quote>1</quote>,<quote>yes</quote>,或者<quote>true</quote>,"
  665. "可以将控制台设置于 UTF-8 模式。这对于基于 UTF-8 的 locale 很有用,但对于其他 "
  666. "locale 有害。"
  667. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
  668. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:400
  669. msgid "LEGACY_CHARSET"
  670. msgstr "LEGACY_CHARSET"
  671. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
  672. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:402
  673. msgid ""
  674. "For many keyboard layouts, there is no stock Unicode keymap in the Kbd "
  675. "package. The <command>console</command> bootscript will convert an available "
  676. "keymap to UTF-8 on the fly if this variable is set to the encoding of the "
  677. "available non-UTF-8 keymap."
  678. msgstr ""
  679. "对于许多键盘布局,Kbd 软件包没有提供 Unicode 键映射。如果该变量被设定为一个可"
  680. "用的非 UTF-8 键映射的编码,<command>console</command> 引导脚本会在需要时将可"
  681. "用的键映射转换成 UTF-8。"
  682. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  683. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:411
  684. msgid "Some examples:"
  685. msgstr "一些例子:"
  686. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  687. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:416
  688. msgid ""
  689. "For a non-Unicode setup, only the KEYMAP and FONT variables are generally "
  690. "needed. E.g., for a Polish setup, one would use:"
  691. msgstr ""
  692. "对于非 Unicode 配置,一般只需要设置 KEYMAP 和 FONT 两个变量。例如,下面是一个"
  693. "波兰语配置:"
  694. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
  695. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:418
  696. #, no-wrap
  697. msgid ""
  698. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  699. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  700. "\n"
  701. "KEYMAP=\"pl2\"\n"
  702. "FONT=\"lat2a-16 -m 8859-2\"\n"
  703. "\n"
  704. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  705. "EOF</userinput>"
  706. msgstr ""
  707. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  708. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  709. "\n"
  710. "KEYMAP=\"pl2\"\n"
  711. "FONT=\"lat2a-16 -m 8859-2\"\n"
  712. "\n"
  713. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  714. "EOF</userinput>"
  715. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  716. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:429
  717. msgid ""
  718. "As mentioned above, it is sometimes necessary to adjust a stock keymap "
  719. "slightly. The following example adds the Euro symbol to the German keymap:"
  720. msgstr ""
  721. "正如前文所述,有时需要微调一个现有的键映射。下面的例子为德语键映射添加欧元符"
  722. "号:"
  723. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
  724. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:433
  725. #, no-wrap
  726. msgid ""
  727. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  728. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  729. "\n"
  730. "KEYMAP=\"de-latin1\"\n"
  731. "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS=\"euro2\"\n"
  732. "FONT=\"lat0-16 -m 8859-15\"\n"
  733. "UNICODE=\"1\"\n"
  734. "\n"
  735. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  736. "EOF</userinput>"
  737. msgstr ""
  738. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  739. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  740. "\n"
  741. "KEYMAP=\"de-latin1\"\n"
  742. "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS=\"euro2\"\n"
  743. "FONT=\"lat0-16 -m 8859-15\"\n"
  744. "UNICODE=\"1\"\n"
  745. "\n"
  746. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  747. "EOF</userinput>"
  748. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  749. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:446
  750. msgid ""
  751. "The following is a Unicode-enabled example for Bulgarian, where a stock "
  752. "UTF-8 keymap exists:"
  753. msgstr ""
  754. "下面是一个使用 Unicode 的白俄罗斯语配置,白俄罗斯语有现有的 UTF-8 键映射:"
  755. #. This is what is used by jhalfs for creating the console file: whenever
  756. #. you change the following, please inform the jhalfs maintainer(s).
  757. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
  758. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:450
  759. #, no-wrap
  760. msgid ""
  761. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  762. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  763. "\n"
  764. "UNICODE=\"1\"\n"
  765. "KEYMAP=\"bg_bds-utf8\"\n"
  766. "FONT=\"LatArCyrHeb-16\"\n"
  767. "\n"
  768. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  769. "EOF</userinput>"
  770. msgstr ""
  771. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  772. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  773. "\n"
  774. "UNICODE=\"1\"\n"
  775. "KEYMAP=\"bg_bds-utf8\"\n"
  776. "FONT=\"LatArCyrHeb-16\"\n"
  777. "\n"
  778. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  779. "EOF</userinput>"
  780. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  781. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:462
  782. msgid ""
  783. "Due to the use of a 512-glyph LatArCyrHeb-16 font in the previous example, "
  784. "bright colors are no longer available on the Linux console unless a "
  785. "framebuffer is used. If one wants to have bright colors without a "
  786. "framebuffer and can live without characters not belonging to his language, "
  787. "it is still possible to use a language-specific 256-glyph font, as "
  788. "illustrated below:"
  789. msgstr ""
  790. "由于在上面的例子中使用了 512 个字形的 LatArCyrHeb-16 字体,在 Linux 控制台中"
  791. "不能使用明亮的颜色,除非使用了帧缓冲。如果希望在没有帧缓冲的情况下继续使用明"
  792. "亮的颜色,且不需要那些不属于自己母语的字符,可以使用专用于一种语言的 256 字形"
  793. "字体,配置文件如下:"
  794. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
  795. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:469
  796. #, no-wrap
  797. msgid ""
  798. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  799. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  800. "\n"
  801. "UNICODE=\"1\"\n"
  802. "KEYMAP=\"bg_bds-utf8\"\n"
  803. "FONT=\"cyr-sun16\"\n"
  804. "\n"
  805. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  806. "EOF</userinput>"
  807. msgstr ""
  808. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  809. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  810. "\n"
  811. "UNICODE=\"1\"\n"
  812. "KEYMAP=\"bg_bds-utf8\"\n"
  813. "FONT=\"cyr-sun16\"\n"
  814. "\n"
  815. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  816. "EOF</userinput>"
  817. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  818. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:481
  819. msgid ""
  820. "The following example illustrates keymap autoconversion from ISO-8859-15 to "
  821. "UTF-8 and enabling dead keys in Unicode mode:"
  822. msgstr ""
  823. "下面的例子展示了从 ISO-8859-1 到 UTF-8 的键映射自动转换,同时在 Unicode 模式"
  824. "下启用了死键:"
  825. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><screen>
  826. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:484
  827. #, no-wrap
  828. msgid ""
  829. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  830. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  831. "\n"
  832. "UNICODE=\"1\"\n"
  833. "KEYMAP=\"de-latin1\"\n"
  834. "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS=\"euro2\"\n"
  835. "LEGACY_CHARSET=\"iso-8859-15\"\n"
  836. "FONT=\"LatArCyrHeb-16 -m 8859-15\"\n"
  837. "\n"
  838. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  839. "EOF</userinput>"
  840. msgstr ""
  841. "<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
  842. "<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console\n"
  843. "\n"
  844. "UNICODE=\"1\"\n"
  845. "KEYMAP=\"de-latin1\"\n"
  846. "KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS=\"euro2\"\n"
  847. "LEGACY_CHARSET=\"iso-8859-15\"\n"
  848. "FONT=\"LatArCyrHeb-16 -m 8859-15\"\n"
  849. "\n"
  850. "# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>\n"
  851. "EOF</userinput>"
  852. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  853. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:498
  854. msgid ""
  855. "Some keymaps have dead keys (i.e., keys that don't produce a character by "
  856. "themselves, but put an accent on the character produced by the next key) or "
  857. "define composition rules (such as: <quote>press Ctrl+. A E to get &AElig;</"
  858. "quote> in the default keymap). Linux-&linux-version; interprets dead keys "
  859. "and composition rules in the keymap correctly only when the source "
  860. "characters to be composed together are not multibyte. This deficiency "
  861. "doesn't affect keymaps for European languages, because there accents are "
  862. "added to unaccented ASCII characters, or two ASCII characters are composed "
  863. "together. However, in UTF-8 mode it is a problem; e.g., for the Greek "
  864. "language, where one sometimes needs to put an accent on the letter "
  865. "<quote>alpha</quote>. The solution is either to avoid the use of UTF-8, or "
  866. "to install the X window system that doesn't have this limitation in its "
  867. "input handling."
  868. msgstr ""
  869. "某些键映射有死键 (即,这些键本身不产生字符,而是在下一次按键产生的字符上附加"
  870. "音调) 或定义了组合规则 (例如在默认键映射中,<quote>按下 Ctrl+. A E 得到 "
  871. "&AElig;</quote>)。Linux-&linux-version; 只有在被组合的不是多字节字符的情况"
  872. "下,才能正常解析死键和组合规则。这个缺陷不影响欧洲语言的键映射,因为在欧洲语"
  873. "言中要么是一个音调被附加到不带音调的 ASCII 字符上,要么是两个 ASCII 字符被组"
  874. "合在一起。然而,在 UTF-8 模式中,以希腊语为例,当某人要在<quote>alpha</"
  875. "quote>字符上附加音调时,就会出现问题。解决方法是要么不使用 UTF-8,要么安装 X "
  876. "窗口系统,它处理输入时没有这个限制。"
  877. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  878. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:515
  879. msgid ""
  880. "For Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and some other languages, the Linux console "
  881. "cannot be configured to display the needed characters. Users who need such "
  882. "languages should install the X Window System, fonts that cover the necessary "
  883. "character ranges, and the proper input method (e.g., SCIM, supports a wide "
  884. "variety of languages)."
  885. msgstr ""
  886. "对于中文,日文,韩文,以及其他一些语言文字,无论如何配置 Linux 控制台,都不可"
  887. "能正常显示所需要的字符。这些语言的用户应该安装 X 窗口系统,能够覆盖所需要的字"
  888. "符的字体,以及合适的输入法 (如 SCIM 支持许多语言的输入)。"
  889. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
  890. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:527
  891. msgid ""
  892. "The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file only controls the Linux "
  893. "text console localization. It has nothing to do with setting the proper "
  894. "keyboard layout and terminal fonts in the X Window System, with ssh "
  895. "sessions, or with a serial console. In such situations, limitations "
  896. "mentioned in the last two list items above do not apply."
  897. msgstr ""
  898. "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> 文件只控制 Linux 字符控制台的本地"
  899. "化。它和 X 窗口系统,ssh 连接,或者串口终端中的键盘布局设置和终端字体毫无关"
  900. "系。在这些情况下,不存在上述的两项限制。"
  901. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  902. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:537
  903. msgid "Creating Files at Boot"
  904. msgstr "在引导时创建文件"
  905. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  906. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:540
  907. msgid "File creation at boot"
  908. msgstr "File creation at boot"
  909. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  910. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:544
  911. msgid ""
  912. "At times, it is desirable to create files at boot time. For instance, the "
  913. "<filename class=\"directory\">/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> directory is often "
  914. "needed. This can be done by creating an entry in the <filename>/etc/"
  915. "sysconfig/createfiles</filename> configuration script. The format of this "
  916. "file is embedded in the comments of the default configuration file."
  917. msgstr ""
  918. "有时,我们希望在引导时创建一些文件,例如可能需要 <filename class=\"directory"
  919. "\">/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> 目录。为此,可以在 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/"
  920. "createfiles</filename> 配置脚本中创建一项。该文件的格式包含在默认配置文件的注"
  921. "释中。"
  922. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  923. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:553
  924. msgid "Configuring the sysklogd Script"
  925. msgstr "配置 sysklogd 脚本"
  926. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  927. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:556
  928. msgid "sysklogd"
  929. msgstr "sysklogd"
  930. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  931. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:560
  932. msgid ""
  933. "The <filename>sysklogd</filename> script invokes the <command>syslogd</"
  934. "command> program as a part of System V initialization. The <parameter>-m 0</"
  935. "parameter> option turns off the periodic timestamp mark that "
  936. "<command>syslogd</command> writes to the log files every 20 minutes by "
  937. "default. If you want to turn on this periodic timestamp mark, edit "
  938. "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> and define the variable "
  939. "SYSKLOGD_PARMS to the desired value. For instance, to remove all "
  940. "parameters, set the variable to a null value:"
  941. msgstr ""
  942. "<filename>sysklogd</filename> 脚本启动 <command>sysklogd</command> 程序,这"
  943. "是 System V 初始化过程的一部分。<parameter>-m 0</parameter> 选项关闭 "
  944. "<command>sysklogd</command> 每 20 分钟写入日志文件的时间戳。如果您希望启用这"
  945. "个周期性时间戳标志,将 SYSKLOGD_PARMS 定义为您希望的值。例如,如果要删除所有"
  946. "参数,将该变量设定为空:"
  947. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  948. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:569
  949. #, no-wrap
  950. msgid "SYSKLOGD_PARMS="
  951. msgstr "SYSKLOGD_PARMS="
  952. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  953. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:571
  954. msgid "See <userinput>man syslogd</userinput> for more options."
  955. msgstr "参阅 <userinput>man syslogd</userinput> 了解更多可用选项。"
  956. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
  957. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:576
  958. msgid "The rc.site File"
  959. msgstr "rc.site 文件"
  960. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
  961. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:579
  962. msgid "rc.site"
  963. msgstr "rc.site"
  964. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  965. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:582
  966. msgid ""
  967. "The optional <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file contains "
  968. "settings that are automatically set for each SystemV boot script. It can "
  969. "alternatively set the values specified in the <filename>hostname</filename>, "
  970. "<filename>console</filename>, and <filename>clock</filename> files in the "
  971. "<filename class='directory'>/etc/sysconfig/</filename> directory. If the "
  972. "associated variables are present in both these separate files and "
  973. "<filename>rc.site</filename>, the values in the script specific files have "
  974. "precedence."
  975. msgstr ""
  976. "可选的 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> 文件包含了为每个 System V "
  977. "引导脚本自动设定的配置。<filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig/</"
  978. "filename> 目录中 <filename>hostname</filename>,<filename>console</"
  979. "filename>,以及 <filename>clock</filename> 文件中的变量值也可以在这里设定。如"
  980. "果这些分立的文件和 <filename>rc.site</filename> 包含相同的变量名,则分立文件中"
  981. "的设定被优先使用。"
  982. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
  983. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:591
  984. msgid ""
  985. "<filename>rc.site</filename> also contains parameters that can customize "
  986. "other aspects of the boot process. Setting the IPROMPT variable will enable "
  987. "selective running of bootscripts. Other options are described in the file "
  988. "comments. The default version of the file is as follows:"
  989. msgstr ""
  990. "<filename>rc.site</filename> 也包含自定义引导过程其他属性的参数。设定 "
  991. "IPROMPT 变量会启用引导脚本的选择性执行。其他选项在文件注释中描述。该文件的默"
  992. "认版本如下:"
  993. #. Use role to fix a pdf generation problem
  994. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
  995. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:597
  996. #, no-wrap
  997. msgid "&site;"
  998. msgstr "&site;"
  999. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
  1000. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:600
  1001. msgid "Customizing the Boot and Shutdown Scripts"
  1002. msgstr "自定义引导和关机脚本"
  1003. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
  1004. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:602
  1005. msgid ""
  1006. "The LFS boot scripts boot and shut down a system in a fairly efficient "
  1007. "manner, but there are a few tweaks that you can make in the rc.site file to "
  1008. "improve speed even more and to adjust messages according to your "
  1009. "preferences. To do this, adjust the settings in the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/"
  1010. "rc.site</filename> file above."
  1011. msgstr ""
  1012. "LFS 引导脚本能够较为高效地引导和关闭系统,但是您仍然可以微调rc.site 文件以进"
  1013. "一步提高速度,或根据您的个人品味调整引导消息。为此,需要修改上面给出的"
  1014. "<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> 文件。"
  1015. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  1016. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:610
  1017. msgid ""
  1018. "During the boot script <filename>udev</filename>, there is a call to "
  1019. "<command>udev settle</command> that requires some time to complete. This "
  1020. "time may or may not be required depending on devices present in the system. "
  1021. "If you only have simple partitions and a single ethernet card, the boot "
  1022. "process will probably not need to wait for this command. To skip it, set "
  1023. "the variable OMIT_UDEV_SETTLE=y."
  1024. msgstr ""
  1025. "在引导脚本 <filename>udev</filename> 的执行过程中,它会调用 <command>udev "
  1026. "settle</command>,该命令需要一段时间才能完成。您的系统可能真的需要这段时间,"
  1027. "也可能实际上并不需要,这和系统中的设备有关。如果您只有简单分区,且只有一块网"
  1028. "卡,引导过程可能并不需要等待该命令。设定 OMIT_UDEV_SETTLE=y 可以跳过它。"
  1029. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  1030. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:617
  1031. msgid ""
  1032. "The boot script <filename>udev_retry</filename> also runs <command>udev "
  1033. "settle</command> by default. This command is only needed by default if the "
  1034. "<filename class='directory'>/var</filename> directory is separately "
  1035. "mounted. This is because the clock needs the file <filename>/var/lib/"
  1036. "hwclock/adjtime</filename>. Other customizations may also need to wait for "
  1037. "udev to complete, but in many installations it is not needed. Skip the "
  1038. "command by setting the variable OMIT_UDEV_RETRY_SETTLE=y."
  1039. msgstr ""
  1040. "引导脚本 <filename>udev_retry</filename> 在默认配置下也会执行 <command>udev "
  1041. "settle</command>。对于默认配置,这仅仅在 <filename class='directory'>/var</"
  1042. "filename> 目录是独立挂载的文件系统时才有必要。原因是,系统时钟需要 "
  1043. "<filename>/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime</filename> 文件。其他的自定义配置也可能导致"
  1044. "存在等待 udev 完成的必要性,但在大多数配置中并没有这种必要。设定 "
  1045. "OMIT_UDEV_RETRY_SETTLE=y 可以跳过它。"
  1046. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  1047. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:626
  1048. msgid ""
  1049. "By default, the file system checks are silent. This can appear to be a "
  1050. "delay during the bootup process. To turn on the <command>fsck</command> "
  1051. "output, set the variable VERBOSE_FSCK=y."
  1052. msgstr ""
  1053. "默认配置中,文件系统检查是静默的。这可能看上去像引导过程中的时延。设定变量 "
  1054. "VERBOSE_FSCK=y 可以显示 <command>fsck</command> 的输出。"
  1055. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  1056. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:631
  1057. msgid ""
  1058. "When rebooting, you may want to skip the filesystem check, <command>fsck</"
  1059. "command>, completely. To do this, either create the file <filename>/"
  1060. "fastboot</filename> or reboot the system with the command <command>/sbin/"
  1061. "shutdown -f -r now</command>. On the other hand, you can force all file "
  1062. "systems to be checked by creating <filename>/forcefsck</filename> or running "
  1063. "<command>shutdown</command> with the <parameter>-F</parameter> parameter "
  1064. "instead of <parameter>-f</parameter>."
  1065. msgstr ""
  1066. "在重新启动系统时,您可能希望完全跳过进行文件系统检查的 <command>fsck</"
  1067. "command> 命令。为此,可以创建一个文件 <filename>/fastboot</filename>,或者使"
  1068. "用命令 <command>/sbin/shutdown -f -r now</command>。反之,如果您希望在重新启"
  1069. "动系统时强制检查所有文件系统,可以创建文件 <filename>/forcefsck</filename>,"
  1070. "或者在前面的 <command>shutdown</command> 命令中使用 <parameter>-F</"
  1071. "parameter> 参数代替 <parameter>-f</parameter>。"
  1072. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  1073. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:640
  1074. msgid ""
  1075. "Setting the variable FASTBOOT=y will disable <command>fsck</command> during "
  1076. "the boot process until it is removed. This is not recommended on a "
  1077. "permanent basis."
  1078. msgstr ""
  1079. "设定变量 FASTBOOT=y 会在引导过程中完全禁止 <command>fsck</command>,直到移除"
  1080. "该变量。从长远角度看,不推荐使用它。"
  1081. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  1082. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:644
  1083. msgid ""
  1084. "Normally, all files in the <filename class='directory'>/tmp</filename> "
  1085. "directory are deleted at boot time. Depending on the number of files or "
  1086. "directories present, this can cause a noticeable delay in the boot process. "
  1087. "To skip removing these files set the variable SKIPTMPCLEAN=y."
  1088. msgstr ""
  1089. "通常,<filename class='directory'>/tmp</filename> 目录中的所有文件都会在引导"
  1090. "过程中被删除。如果其中有较多的文件或目录,可能导致引导过程中出现可观的延时。"
  1091. "设定变量 SKIPTMPCLEAN=y 可以跳过删除这些文件的引导步骤。"
  1092. #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
  1093. #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/usage.xml:650
  1094. msgid ""
  1095. "During shutdown, the <command>init</command> program sends a TERM signal to "
  1096. "each program it has started (e.g. agetty), waits for a set time (default 3 "
  1097. "seconds), and sends each process a KILL signal and waits again. This "
  1098. "process is repeated in the <command>sendsignals</command> script for any "
  1099. "processes that are not shut down by their own scripts. The delay for "
  1100. "<command>init</command> can be set by passing a parameter. For example to "
  1101. "remove the delay in <command>init</command>, pass the -t0 parameter when "
  1102. "shutting down or rebooting (e.g. <command>/sbin/shutdown -t0 -r now</"
  1103. "command>). The delay for the <command>sendsignals</command> script can be "
  1104. "skipped by setting the parameter KILLDELAY=0."
  1105. msgstr ""
  1106. "在关机时,<command>init</command> 程序会向它启动的每个程序 (例如 agetty) 发"
  1107. "送 TERM 信号,等待一段固定的时间 (默认是 3 秒),然后向每个进程发送 KILL 信"
  1108. "号,再等待一次。信号,"