lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter10/kernel.po

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#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info><address>
#, no-wrap
msgid "&linux-url;"
msgstr "&linux-url;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info>
msgid ""
"<productname>kernel</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</"
"productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"<productname>kernel</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</"
"productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "Linux-&linux-version;"
msgstr "Linux-&linux-version;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
msgid "Linux"
msgstr "Linux"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "The Linux package contains the Linux kernel."
msgstr "Linux 软件包包含 Linux 内核。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "&buildtime;"
msgstr "&buildtime;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "&diskspace;"
msgstr "&diskspace;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid "&linux-knl-sbu;"
msgstr "&linux-knl-sbu;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid "&linux-knl-du;"
msgstr "&linux-knl-du;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Installation of the kernel"
msgstr "安装内核"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Building the kernel involves a few steps&mdash;configuration, compilation, "
"and installation. Read the <filename>README</filename> file in the kernel "
"source tree for alternative methods to the way this book configures the "
"kernel."
msgstr ""
"构建内核需要三步 —— 配置、编译、安装。阅读内核源代码树中的 <filename>README</"
"filename> 文件，了解不同于本手册的内核配置方法。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Prepare for compilation by running the following command:"
msgstr "运行以下命令，准备编译内核："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">make mrproper</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"pre\">make mrproper</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The kernel team "
"recommends that this command be issued prior to each kernel compilation. Do "
"not rely on the source tree being clean after un-tarring."
msgstr ""
"该命令确保内核源代码树绝对干净，内核开发组建议在每次编译内核前运行该命令。尽"
"管内核源代码树在解压后应该是干净的，但这并不完全可靠。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"There are several ways to configure the kernel options. Usually, This is "
"done through a menu-driven interface, for example:"
msgstr ""
"有多种配置内核选项的方法。例如，通常我们通过目录驱动的界面完成这一工作："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>make menuconfig</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>make menuconfig</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
msgid "The meaning of optional make environment variables:"
msgstr "以上命令中可选的 make 环境变量及含义："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>LANG=&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; LC_ALL=</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>LANG=&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; LC_ALL=</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This establishes the locale setting to the one used on the host.  This may "
"be needed for a proper menuconfig ncurses interface line drawing on a UTF-8 "
"linux text console."
msgstr ""
"它们根据宿主使用的 locale 建立 locale 设定。在 UTF-8 Linux 文本终端下，有时必"
"须这样做才能正确绘制基于 ncurses 的配置菜单接口。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"If used, be sure to replace <replaceable>&lt;host_LANG_value&gt;</"
"replaceable> by the value of the <envar>$LANG</envar> variable from your "
"host.  You can alternatively use instead the host's value of <envar>$LC_ALL</"
"envar> or <envar>$LC_CTYPE</envar>."
msgstr ""
"在这种情况下，一定要将 <replaceable>&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; </replaceable> 替"
"换成宿主环境中的 <envar>$LANG</envar> 变量值。您也可以使用宿主环境中 <envar>"
"$LC_ALL</envar> 或 <envar>$LC_CTYPE</envar> 的值代替。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>make menuconfig</command>"
msgstr "<command>make menuconfig</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This launches an ncurses menu-driven interface. For other (graphical) "
"interfaces, type <command>make help</command>."
msgstr ""
"这会启动 ncurses 目录驱动的界面。如果希望了解其他 (图形) 界面，可以输入 "
"<command>make help</command>。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"For general information on kernel configuration see <ulink url=\"&hints-root;"
"kernel-configuration.txt\"/>.  BLFS has some information regarding "
"particular kernel configuration requirements of packages outside of LFS at "
"<ulink url=\"&blfs-book;longindex.html#kernel-config-index\"/>.  Additional "
"information about configuring and building the kernel can be found at <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.kroah.com/lkn/\"/>"
msgstr ""
"阅读 <ulink url=\"&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt\"/> 了解关于内核配置的"
"一般信息。BLFS 包含一些关于 LFS 之外的软件包需要的特定内核配置的信息，位于"
"<ulink url=\"&blfs-book;longindex.html#kernel-config-index\"/> 。另外在 "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.kroah.com/lkn/\"/> 也有一些关于配置和构建内核的信息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"A good starting place for setting up the kernel configuration is to run "
"<command>make defconfig</command>. This will set the base configuration to a "
"good state that takes your current system architecture into account."
msgstr ""
"一个较好的初始内核配置可以通过运行 <command>make defconfig</command> 获得。它"
"会考虑您的当前系统体系结构，将基本内核配置设定到较好的状态。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"Be sure to enable/disable/set the following features or the system might not "
"work correctly or boot at all:"
msgstr ""
"一定要按照以下列表启用/禁用/设定其中列出的内核特性，否则系统可能不能正常工"
"作，甚至根本无法引导："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Device Drivers  ---&gt;\n"
"  Generic Driver Options  ---&gt;\n"
"   [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
"   [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]"
msgstr ""
"Device Drivers  ---&gt;\n"
"  Generic Driver Options  ---&gt;\n"
"   [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
"   [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"General setup -->\n"
"   [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]\n"
"   [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]\n"
"   [*] Configure standard kernel features (expert users) [CONFIG_EXPERT] ---&gt;         \n"
"      [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]\n"
"   [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]\n"
"Processor type and features  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]\n"
"Firmware Drivers  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]\n"
"Networking support  ---&gt;\n"
"  Networking options  ---&gt;\n"
"   &lt;*&gt; The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]\n"
"Device Drivers  ---&gt;\n"
"  Generic Driver Options  ---&gt;\n"
"   [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
"   [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]\n"
"   Firmware Loader ---&gt;\n"
"      [ ] Enable the firmware sysfs fallback mechanism [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]\n"
"File systems  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]\n"
"   &lt;*&gt; Kernel automounter support (supports v3, v4, and v5) [CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS]\n"
"  Pseudo filesystems  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]\n"
"   [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]"
msgstr ""
"General setup -->\n"
"   [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]\n"
"   [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]\n"
"   [*] Configure standard kernel features (expert users) [CONFIG_EXPERT] ---&gt;         \n"
"      [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]\n"
"   [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]\n"
"Processor type and features  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]\n"
"Firmware Drivers  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]\n"
"Networking support  ---&gt;\n"
"  Networking options  ---&gt;\n"
"   &lt;*&gt; The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]\n"
"Device Drivers  ---&gt;\n"
"  Generic Driver Options  ---&gt;\n"
"   [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]\n"
"   [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]\n"
"   Firmware Loader ---&gt;\n"
"      [ ] Enable the firmware sysfs fallback mechanism [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]\n"
"File systems  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]\n"
"   &lt;*&gt; Kernel automounter support (supports v3, v4, and v5) [CONFIG_AUTOFS_FS]\n"
"  Pseudo filesystems  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]\n"
"   [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"While \"The IPv6 Protocol\" is not strictly required, it is highly "
"recommended by the systemd developers."
msgstr ""
"尽管 “The IPv6 Protocol” (IPv6 协议支持) 并不是严格要求的，但是 systemd 开发"
"者强烈推荐启用它。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"There are several other options that may be desired depending on the "
"requirements for the system. For a list of options needed for BLFS packages, "
"see the <ulink url=\"&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex."
"html#kernel-config-index\">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink> (&lfs-root;"
"blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index)."
msgstr ""
"根据系统的需求，可能需要一些其他配置选项。BLFS 软件包需要的内核配置选项列表可"
"以在 <ulink url=\"&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-"
"config-index\">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink> (&lfs-root;blfs/view/"
"&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index) 查阅。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"If your host hardware is using UEFI, then the 'make defconfig' above should "
"automatically add in some EFI-related kernel options."
msgstr ""
"如果您的硬件平台使用 UEFI，则 “make defconfig” 命令也会自动加入一些 EFI 相关"
"的内核选项。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"In order to allow your LFS kernel to be booted from within your host's UEFI "
"boot environment, your kernel must have this option selected:"
msgstr ""
"为了允许从宿主系统的 UEFI 引导环境引导 LFS 内核，您必须选择一个内核选项："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Processor type and features  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*]   EFI stub support  [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]"
msgstr ""
"Processor type and features  ---&gt;\n"
"   [*]   EFI stub support  [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"A fuller description of managing UEFI environments from within LFS is "
"covered by the lfs-uefi.txt hint at <ulink url=\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt\"/"
">."
msgstr ""
"在 LFS 中管理 UEFI 环境的较完整说明包含在 lfs-uefi.txt 中，它位于 <ulink url="
"\"&hints-root;lfs-uefi.txt\"/>。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
msgid "The rationale for the above configuration items:"
msgstr "上述配置选项的含义："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>Support for uevent helper</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>Support for uevent helper</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Having this option set may interfere with device management when using Udev/"
"Eudev."
msgstr "如果启用了该选项，它可能干扰 Udev/Eudev 的设备管理。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This will create automated device nodes which are populated by the kernel, "
"even without Udev running.  Udev then runs on top of this, managing "
"permissions and adding symlinks.  This configuration item is required for "
"all users of Udev/Eudev."
msgstr ""
"该选项会使内核自动创建设备节点，即使 Udev 没有运行。Udev 之后才在这些设备节点"
"的基础上运行，管理它们的访问权限并为它们建立符号链接。所有 Udev/Eudev 用户都"
"需要启用该选项。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Alternatively, <command>make oldconfig</command> may be more appropriate in "
"some situations. See the <filename>README</filename> file for more "
"information."
msgstr ""
"某些情况下，<command>make oldconfig</command> 更为合适。阅读 "
"<filename>README</filename> 文件了解更多信息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel config file, "
"<filename>.config</filename>, from the host system (assuming it is "
"available) to the unpacked <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-"
"version;</filename> directory. However, we do not recommend this option. It "
"is often better to explore all the configuration menus and create the kernel "
"configuration from scratch."
msgstr ""
"如果希望的话，也可以将宿主系统的内核配置文件 <filename>.config</filename> 拷"
"贝到解压出的 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</filename> "
"目录 (前提是可以找到该文件)。然而我们不推荐这样做，一般来说，浏览整个配置目"
"录，并从头创建内核配置是更好的选择。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Compile the kernel image and modules:"
msgstr "编译内核映像和模块："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"If using kernel modules, module configuration in <filename class=\"directory"
"\">/etc/modprobe.d</filename> may be required.  Information pertaining to "
"modules and kernel configuration is located in <xref linkend=\"ch-config-udev"
"\"/> and in the kernel documentation in the <filename class=\"directory"
"\">linux-&linux-version;/Documentation</filename> directory.  Also, "
"<filename>modprobe.d(5)</filename> may be of interest."
msgstr ""
"如果要使用内核模块，可能需要在 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/modprobe."
"d</filename> 中写入模块配置。讨论模块和内核配置的信息位于<xref linkend=\"ch-"
"config-udev\"/>和 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;/"
"Documentation </filename> 目录下的内核文档中。另外 <filename>modprobe.d(5)</"
"filename> 也可以作为参考。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Unless module support has been disabled in the kernel configuration, install "
"the modules with:"
msgstr "如果内核配置使用了模块，安装它们："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">make modules_install</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">make modules_install</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are required to "
"complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to the <filename "
"class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> directory."
msgstr ""
"在内核编译完成后，需要进行额外步骤完成安装，一些文件需要拷贝到 <filename "
"class=\"directory\">/boot</filename> 目录中。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><para>
msgid ""
"If the host system has a separate /boot partition, the files copied below "
"should go there. The easiest way to do that is to bind /boot on the host "
"(outside chroot) to /mnt/lfs/boot before proceeding.  As the root user in "
"the <emphasis>host system</emphasis>:"
msgstr ""
"如果宿主系统有单独的 /boot 分区，需要将这些文件拷贝到该分区中。最简单的方法是"
"将宿主系统的 /boot (在 chroot 之外) 绑定到 /mnt/lfs/boot 再拷贝文件，在"
"<emphasis>宿主系统</emphasis>中，以 root 身份执行："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><caution><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform being used. "
"The filename below can be changed to suit your taste, but the stem of the "
"filename should be <emphasis>vmlinuz</emphasis> to be compatible with the "
"automatic setup of the boot process described in the next section.  The "
"following command assumes an x86 architecture:"
msgstr ""
"指向内核映像的路径可能随机器平台的不同而变化。下面使用的文件名可以依照您的需"
"要改变，但文件名的开头应该保持为 <emphasis>vmlinuz</emphasis>，以保证和下一节"
"描述的引导过程自动设定相兼容。下面的命令假定是机器是 x86 体系结构："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"<filename>System.map</filename> is a symbol file for the kernel.  It maps "
"the function entry points of every function in the kernel API, as well as "
"the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running kernel.  It is "
"used as a resource when investigating kernel problems.  Issue the following "
"command to install the map file:"
msgstr ""
"<filename>System.map</filename> 是内核符号文件，它将内核 API 的每个函数入口点"
"和运行时数据结构映射到它们的地址。它被用于调查分析内核可能出现的问题。执行以"
"下命令安装该文件："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The kernel configuration file <filename>.config</filename> produced by the "
"<command>make menuconfig</command> step above contains all the configuration "
"selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It is a good idea to keep "
"this file for future reference:"
msgstr ""
"内核配置文件 <filename>.config</filename> 由上述的 <command>make menuconfig</"
"command> 步骤生成，包含编译好的内核的所有配置选项。最好能将它保留下来以供日后"
"参考："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">cp -iv .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Install the documentation for the Linux kernel:"
msgstr "安装 Linux 内核文档："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput remap=\"install\">install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;\n"
"cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput remap=\"install\">install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;\n"
"cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"It is important to note that the files in the kernel source directory are "
"not owned by <emphasis>root</emphasis>. Whenever a package is unpacked as "
"user <emphasis>root</emphasis> (like we did inside chroot), the files have "
"the user and group IDs of whatever they were on the packager's computer. "
"This is usually not a problem for any other package to be installed because "
"the source tree is removed after the installation. However, the Linux source "
"tree is often retained for a long time.  Because of this, there is a chance "
"that whatever user ID the packager used will be assigned to somebody on the "
"machine. That person would then have write access to the kernel source."
msgstr ""
"需要注意的是，在内核源代码目录中可能有不属于 <emphasis>root</emphasis> 的文"
"件。在以 <emphasis>root</emphasis> 身份解压源代码包时 (就像我们在 chroot 环境"
"中所做的那样)，这些文件会获得它们之前在软件包创建者的计算机上的用户和组 ID。"
"这一般不会造成问题，因为在安装后通常会删除源代码目录树。然而，Linux 源代码目"
"录树一般会被保留较长时间，这样创建者当时使用的用户 ID 就可能被分配给本机的某"
"个用户，导致该用户拥有内核源代码的写权限。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"In many cases, the configuration of the kernel will need to be updated for "
"packages that will be installed later in BLFS.  Unlike other packages, it is "
"not necessary to remove the kernel source tree after the newly built kernel "
"is installed."
msgstr ""
"之后在 BLFS 中安装软件包时往往需要修改内核配置。因此，和其他软件包不同，我们"
"在安装好内核后可以不移除源代码树。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"If the kernel source tree is going to be retained, run <command>chown -R "
"0:0</command> on the <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</"
"filename> directory to ensure all files are owned by user <emphasis>root</"
"emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"如果要保留内核源代码树，切换到内核源代码目录，执行 <command>chown -R 0:0</"
"command>，以保证 <filename class=\"directory\">linux-&linux-version;</"
"filename> 目录中所有文件都属于 <emphasis>root</emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para>
msgid ""
"Some kernel documentation recommends creating a symlink from <filename class="
"\"symlink\">/usr/src/linux</filename> pointing to the kernel source "
"directory.  This is specific to kernels prior to the 2.6 series and "
"<emphasis>must not</emphasis> be created on an LFS system as it can cause "
"problems for packages you may wish to build once your base LFS system is "
"complete."
msgstr ""
"有的内核文档建议创建符号链接 <filename class=\"symlink\">/usr/src/linux</"
"filename> 指向内核源代码目录，这仅仅适用于 2.6 系列之前的内核。在 LFS 系统上"
"<emphasis>绝对不要</emphasis>创建它，因为在构建完基本 LFS 系统后，它可能在您"
"构建其他软件包时引起问题。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><warning><para>
msgid ""
"The headers in the system's <filename class=\"directory\">include</filename> "
"directory (<filename class=\"directory\">/usr/include</filename>) should "
"<emphasis>always</emphasis> be the ones against which Glibc was compiled, "
"that is, the sanitised headers installed in <xref linkend=\"ch-tools-linux-"
"headers\"/>.  Therefore, they should <emphasis>never</emphasis> be replaced "
"by either the raw kernel headers or any other kernel sanitized headers."
msgstr ""
"在系统 <filename class=\"directory\">include</filename> 目录 (即 <filename "
"class=\"directory\">/usr/include</filename>) 中的内核头文件应该<emphasis>总是"
"</emphasis>与构建 Glibc 时使用的内核头文件一致，即保持为<xref linkend=\"ch-"
"tools-linux-headers\"/>中安装的净化头文件。换句话说，<emphasis>永远不要</"
"emphasis>用原始内核头文件，或其他版本内核的净化头文件替换它们。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Configuring Linux Module Load Order"
msgstr "配置 Linux 内核模块加载顺序"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
msgid "/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf"
msgstr "/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Most of the time Linux modules are loaded automatically, but sometimes it "
"needs some specific direction.  The program that loads modules, "
"<command>modprobe</command> or <command>insmod</command>, uses <filename>/"
"etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename> for this purpose.  This file needs to be "
"created so that if the USB drivers (ehci_hcd, ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd) have "
"been built as modules, they will be loaded in the correct order; ehci_hcd "
"needs to be loaded prior to ohci_hcd and uhci_hcd in order to avoid a "
"warning being output at boot time."
msgstr ""
"多数情况下 Linux 内核模块可以自动加载，但有时需要指定加载顺序。负责加载内核模"
"块的程序 <command>modprobe</command> 和 <command>insmod</command> 从 "
"<filename>/etc/modprobe.d</filename> 下的配置文件中读取加载顺序，例如，如果 "
"USB 驱动程序 (ehci_hcd、ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd) 被构建为模块，则必须按照先加载 "
"echi_hcd，再加载 ohci_hcd 和 uhci_hcd 的正确顺序，才能避免引导时出现警告信"
"息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Create a new file <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename> by running "
"the following:"
msgstr ""
"为此，执行以下命令创建文件 <filename>/etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</filename>："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d\n"
"cat &gt; /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf\n"
"\n"
"install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true\n"
"install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true\n"
"\n"
"# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d\n"
"cat &gt; /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf\n"
"\n"
"install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true\n"
"install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true\n"
"\n"
"# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Contents of Linux"
msgstr "Linux 的内容"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "Installed files"
msgstr "安装的文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "Installed directories"
msgstr "安装的目录"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid ""
"config-&linux-version;, <phrase revision=\"sysv\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
"lfs-&version;,</phrase> <phrase revision=\"systemd\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
"lfs-&versiond;,</phrase> and System.map-&linux-version;"
msgstr ""
"config-&linux-version;, <phrase revision=\"sysv\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
"lfs-&version;,</phrase> <phrase revision=\"systemd\">vmlinuz-&linux-version;-"
"lfs-&versiond;,</phrase> 以及 System.map-&linux-version;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid "/lib/modules, /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;"
msgstr "/lib/modules 和 /usr/share/doc/linux-&linux-version;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead>
msgid "Short Descriptions"
msgstr "简要描述"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist>
msgid ""
"<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
msgstr ""
"<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<filename>config-&linux-version;</filename>"
msgstr "<filename>config-&linux-version;</filename>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Contains all the configuration selections for the kernel"
msgstr "包含所有内核配置选项的值"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "/boot/config-&linux-version;"
msgstr "/boot/config-&linux-version;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</filename>"
msgstr "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</filename>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</filename>"
msgstr "<filename>vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&versiond;</filename>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The engine of the Linux system. When turning on the computer, the kernel is "
"the first part of the operating system that gets loaded.  It detects and "
"initializes all components of the computer's hardware, then makes these "
"components available as a tree of files to the software and turns a single "
"CPU into a multitasking machine capable of running scores of programs "
"seemingly at the same time"
msgstr ""
"Linux 系统的引擎，在启动计算机时，它是操作系统中被最早加载的部分。它检测并初"
"始化计算机硬件，将它们以目录树的形式提供给软件，并将单个 CPU 封装成多任务系"
"统，使多个用户程序看上去在同时执行。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "lfskernel-&linux-version;"
msgstr "lfskernel-&linux-version;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<filename>System.map-&linux-version;</filename>"
msgstr "<filename>System.map-&linux-version;</filename>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"A list of addresses and symbols; it maps the entry points and addresses of "
"all the functions and data structures in the kernel"
msgstr "地址和符号列表；它将内核函数和数据结构映射为入口点和地址"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "/boot/System.map-&linux-version;"
msgstr "/boot/System.map-&linux-version;"