lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter08/adjusting.po

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"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-08 19:28+0800\n"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "Adjusting the Toolchain"
msgstr "调整工具链"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Now that the final C libraries have been installed, it is time to adjust the "
"toolchain so that it will link any newly compiled program against these new "
"libraries."
msgstr ""
"现在最终的 C 运行库已经安装好了，这时就要调整工具链，以便将新编译的任何程序都"
"链接到新的 C 运行库。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"First, backup the <filename class=\"directory\">/tools</filename> linker, "
"and replace it with the adjusted linker we made in chapter 5. We'll also "
"create a link to its counterpart in <filename class=\"directory\">/tools/"
"$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename>:"
msgstr ""
"首先，备份 <filename class=\"directory\">/tools</filename> 中的链接器，把它替"
"换成第 5 章准备的调整好的链接器。我们也会把 <filename class=\"directory\">/"
"tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename> 中对应的链接器替换成一个符号链"
"接："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n"
"mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n"
"mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}\n"
"ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n"
"mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n"
"mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}\n"
"ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"the next command amends the GCC specs file to achieve three goals: first "
"point GCC to the new dynamic linker. Simply deleting all instances of "
"<quote>/tools</quote> should leave us with the correct path to the dynamic "
"linker. Second, let GCC know where to find the Glibc start files. Third, add "
"the /usr/include directory at the end of the default search path, so that "
"header files added in chapter 6 are found.  A <command>sed</command> command "
"accomplishes this:"
msgstr ""
"下面修改 GCC 的 specs 文件，使其指向新的动态链接器。把所有的 <quote>/tools</"
"quote> 删除掉就会留下正确的路径。另外，调整 specs 文件，使得 GCC 知道去哪里寻"
"找正确的头文件和 Glibc 启动文件。最后，在默认搜索路径之后加入 /usr/include 目"
"录。一个 <command>sed</command> 命令即可完成以上工作："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g'                   \\\n"
"    -e '/\\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \\\n"
"    -e '/\\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -idirafter /usr/include@}' &gt;      \\\n"
"    `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g'                   \\\n"
"    -e '/\\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \\\n"
"    -e '/\\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -idirafter /usr/include@}' &gt;      \\\n"
"    `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It is a good idea to visually inspect the specs file to verify the intended "
"change was actually made."
msgstr "这时最好浏览一下生成的 specs 文件，以确认确实进行了我们期望的修改。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"It is imperative at this point to ensure that the basic functions (compiling "
"and linking) of the adjusted toolchain are working as expected. To do this, "
"perform the following sanity checks:"
msgstr ""
"现在的当务之急是保证调整过的工具链的基本功能 (编译和链接) 能够像我们期望的那"
"样工作。为此，进行下列完整性检查："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c\n"
"cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &amp;&gt; dummy.log\n"
"readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c\n"
"cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &amp;&gt; dummy.log\n"
"readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be "
"(allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):"
msgstr ""
"上述命令不应该出现错误，最后一行命令输出的结果应该 (不同平台的动态链接器名称"
"可能不同) 是："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>"
msgstr "<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Note that on 64-bit systems <filename class=\"directory\">/lib</filename> is "
"the location of our dynamic linker, but is accessed via a symbolic link in /"
"lib64."
msgstr ""
"注意在 64 位系统上 <filename class=\"directory\">/lib</filename> 是动态链接器"
"的位置，但通过 /lib64 中的符号链接访问。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para>
msgid "On 32-bit systems the interpreter should be /lib/ld-linux.so.2."
msgstr "在 32 位系统上，解释器是 /lib/ld-linux.so.2。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid "Now make sure that we're setup to use the correct start files:"
msgstr "下面确认我们的设定能够使用正确的启动文件："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid "The output of the last command should be:"
msgstr "以上命令应该输出："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded\n"
"/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded\n"
"/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>"
msgstr ""
"<computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded\n"
"/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded\n"
"/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid "Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header files:"
msgstr "确认编译器能正确查找头文件："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid "This command should return the following output:"
msgstr "该命令应当输出："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:\n"
" /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include\n"
" /tools/include\n"
" /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed\n"
" /usr/include</computeroutput>"
msgstr ""
"<computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:\n"
" /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include\n"
" /tools/include\n"
" /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed\n"
" /usr/include</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para>
msgid "On a 32 bit system, x86_64 is replaced with i686."
msgstr "在 32 位系统上，应该将 x86_64 替换成 i686。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:"
msgstr "下一步确认新的链接器使用了正确的搜索路径："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\\n|g'</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\\n|g'</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"References to paths that have components with '-linux-gnu' should be "
"ignored, but otherwise the output of the last command should be:"
msgstr "那些包含 '-linux-gnu' 的路径应该忽略，除此之外，以上命令应该输出："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR(\"/usr/lib\")\n"
"SEARCH_DIR(\"/lib\")</computeroutput>"
msgstr ""
"<computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR(\"/usr/lib\")\n"
"SEARCH_DIR(\"/lib\")</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid "Next make sure that we're using the correct libc:"
msgstr "之后确认我们使用了正确的 libc："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>grep \"/lib.*/libc.so.6 \" dummy.log</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>grep \"/lib.*/libc.so.6 \" dummy.log</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<computeroutput>attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput>"
msgstr "<computeroutput>attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid "Make sure GCC is using the correct dynamic linker:"
msgstr "确认 GCC 使用了正确的动态链接器："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The output of the last command should be (allowing for platform-specific "
"differences in dynamic linker name):"
msgstr "以上命令应该输出 (不同平台的动态链接器名称可能不同):"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput>"
msgstr "<computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput>"

#. The most likely
#.   reason is that something went wrong with the specs file adjustment.
#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If the output does not appear as shown above or is not received at all, then "
"something is seriously wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out "
"where the problem is and correct it.  Any issues will need to be resolved "
"before continuing with the process."
msgstr ""
"如果输出和以上描述不符，或者根本没有输出，那么必然有什么地方出了严重错误。检"
"查并重新跟踪以上步骤，找到问题的原因，并修复它。这里出现的任何问题在继续构建"
"前都必须解决。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid "Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test files:"
msgstr "在确认一切工作良好后，删除测试文件："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput>"