lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter07/createfiles.po

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:11
msgid "Creating Essential Files and Symlinks"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:14
msgid "/etc/passwd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:18
msgid "/etc/group"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:22
msgid "/var/run/utmp"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:26
msgid "/var/log/btmp"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:30
msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:34
msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:37
msgid ""
"Historically, Linux maintains a list of the mounted file systems in the file "
"<filename>/etc/mtab</filename>. Modern kernels maintain this list internally "
"and exposes it to the user via the <filename "
"class=\"directory\">/proc</filename> filesystem. To satisfy utilities that "
"expect the presence of <filename>/etc/mtab</filename>, create the following "
"symbolic link:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:44
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:46
msgid ""
"Create a basic <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file to be referenced in some "
"test suites, and in one of Perl's configuration files as well:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:50
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>echo \"127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)\" &gt; "
"/etc/hosts</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:52
msgid ""
"In order for user <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> to be "
"able to login and for the name <quote>root</quote> to be recognized, there "
"must be relevant entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and "
"<filename>/etc/group</filename> files."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:57
msgid ""
"Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the following "
"command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:60
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n"
"bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false\n"
"daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false\n"
"messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false\n"
"nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:68
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n"
"bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false\n"
"daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false\n"
"messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false\n"
"systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:72:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/bin/false\n"
"systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:73:systemd Journal Gateway:/:/bin/false\n"
"systemd-journal-remote:x:74:74:systemd Journal Remote:/:/bin/false\n"
"systemd-journal-upload:x:75:75:systemd Journal Upload:/:/bin/false\n"
"systemd-network:x:76:76:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/false\n"
"systemd-resolve:x:77:77:systemd Resolver:/:/bin/false\n"
"systemd-timesync:x:78:78:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/bin/false\n"
"systemd-coredump:x:79:79:systemd Core Dumper:/:/bin/false\n"
"nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:84
msgid ""
"The actual password for <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"will be set later."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:87
msgid ""
"Create the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file by running the following "
"command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:90
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal>root:x:0:\n"
"bin:x:1:daemon\n"
"sys:x:2:\n"
"kmem:x:3:\n"
"tape:x:4:\n"
"tty:x:5:\n"
"daemon:x:6:\n"
"floppy:x:7:\n"
"disk:x:8:\n"
"lp:x:9:\n"
"dialout:x:10:\n"
"audio:x:11:\n"
"video:x:12:\n"
"utmp:x:13:\n"
"usb:x:14:\n"
"cdrom:x:15:\n"
"adm:x:16:\n"
"messagebus:x:18:\n"
"input:x:24:\n"
"mail:x:34:\n"
"kvm:x:61:\n"
"wheel:x:97:\n"
"nogroup:x:99:\n"
"users:x:999:</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:117
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal>root:x:0:\n"
"bin:x:1:daemon\n"
"sys:x:2:\n"
"kmem:x:3:\n"
"tape:x:4:\n"
"tty:x:5:\n"
"daemon:x:6:\n"
"floppy:x:7:\n"
"disk:x:8:\n"
"lp:x:9:\n"
"dialout:x:10:\n"
"audio:x:11:\n"
"video:x:12:\n"
"utmp:x:13:\n"
"usb:x:14:\n"
"cdrom:x:15:\n"
"adm:x:16:\n"
"messagebus:x:18:\n"
"systemd-journal:x:23:\n"
"input:x:24:\n"
"mail:x:34:\n"
"kvm:x:61:\n"
"systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:\n"
"systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:\n"
"systemd-journal-remote:x:74:\n"
"systemd-journal-upload:x:75:\n"
"systemd-network:x:76:\n"
"systemd-resolve:x:77:\n"
"systemd-timesync:x:78:\n"
"systemd-coredump:x:79:\n"
"wheel:x:97:\n"
"nogroup:x:99:\n"
"users:x:999:</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:153
msgid ""
"The created groups are not part of any standard&mdash;they are groups "
"decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration in Chapter "
"9, and in part by common convention employed by a number of existing Linux "
"distributions. In addition, some test suites rely on specific users or "
"groups.  The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink "
"url=\"http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/lsb.shtml\"/>) only recommends "
"that, besides the group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">root</systemitem> "
"with a Group ID (GID) of 0, a group <systemitem "
"class=\"groupname\">bin</systemitem> with a GID of 1 be present. All other "
"group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator since "
"well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but rather use the "
"group's name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:165
msgid ""
"Some tests in <xref linkend=\"chapter-building-system\"/> need a regular "
"user. We add this user here and delete this account at the end of that "
"chapter."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:169
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>echo \"tester:x:$(ls -n $(tty) | cut -d\" \" "
"-f3):101::/home/tester:/bin/bash\" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd\n"
"echo \"tester:x:101:\" &gt;&gt; /etc/group\n"
"install -o tester -d /home/tester</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:173
msgid ""
"To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a new "
"shell. Since the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and "
"<filename>/etc/group</filename> files have been created, user name and group "
"name resolution will now work:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:179
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>exec /bin/bash --login +h</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:181
msgid ""
"Note the use of the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive. This tells "
"<command>bash</command> not to use its internal path hashing. Without this "
"directive, <command>bash</command> would remember the paths to binaries it "
"has executed. To ensure the use of the newly compiled binaries as soon as "
"they are installed, the <parameter>+h</parameter> directive will be used for "
"the duration of this and the next chapter."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:188
msgid ""
"The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and "
"<command>init</command> programs (and others) use a number of log files to "
"record information such as who was logged into the system and when. However, "
"these programs will not write to the log files if they do not already "
"exist. Initialize the log files and give them proper permissions:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:195
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp}\n"
"chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog\n"
"chmod -v 664  /var/log/lastlog\n"
"chmod -v 600  /var/log/btmp</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:200
msgid ""
"The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records all logins and "
"logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records when each "
"user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> file records "
"failed login attempts.  The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> file records "
"the bad login attempts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter07/createfiles.xml:206
msgid ""
"The <filename>/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that are currently "
"logged in.  This file is created dynamically in the boot scripts."
msgstr ""