lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter09/network.po

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#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "General Network Configuration"
msgstr "一般网络配置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
msgid "network"
msgstr "network"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary>
msgid "configuring"
msgstr "配置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Creating Network Interface Configuration Files"
msgstr "创建网络接口配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Which interfaces are brought up and down by the network script usually "
"depends on the files in <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig/</"
"filename>.  This directory should contain a file for each interface to be "
"configured, such as <filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>, where <quote>xyz</"
"quote> should describe the network card.  The interface name (e.g. eth0) is "
"usually appropriate.  Inside this file are attributes to this interface, "
"such as its IP address(es), subnet masks, and so forth.  It is necessary "
"that the stem of the filename be <emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"负责网络的引导脚本通常根据 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig</"
"filename> 中配置文件的内容，启用或禁用网络接口。对于每个需要配置的网络接口，"
"该目录中都应该包含一个文件，文件名类似 <filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>，这"
"里<quote>xyz</quote>应该能够描述该网卡。使用接口名 (如 eth0) 一般比较合适。文"
"件内部是该网络接口的属性，如 IP 地址、子网掩码等。文件名必须以 "
"<emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis> 开头。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid ""
"If the procedure in the previous section was not used, udev will assign "
"network card interface names based on system physical characteristics such "
"as enp2s1. If you are not sure what your interface name is, you can always "
"run <command>ip link</command> or <command>ls /sys/class/net</command> after "
"you have booted your system."
msgstr ""
"如果没有使用前一节描述的自定义命名策略，udev 会根据系统物理特征命名网卡接口，"
"例如 enp2s1。如果您不能确定接口名，可以在引导您的 LFS 系统后使用 <command>ip "
"link</command> 或 <command>ls /sys/class/net</command> 命令确认。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The following command creates a sample file for the <emphasis>eth0</"
"emphasis> device with a static IP address:"
msgstr ""
"例如，以下命令为 <emphasis>eth0</emphasis> 设备创建一个静态 IP 地址配置："

#.  jhalfs relies on the values for IFACE, IP, etc. If you want to change
#.      them, please inform the jhalfs maintainer(s). 
#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/\n"
"cat &gt; ifconfig.<replaceable>eth0</replaceable> &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal>ONBOOT=<replaceable>yes</replaceable>\n"
"IFACE=<replaceable>eth0</replaceable>\n"
"SERVICE=<replaceable>ipv4-static</replaceable>\n"
"IP=<replaceable>192.168.1.2</replaceable>\n"
"GATEWAY=<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable>\n"
"PREFIX=<replaceable>24</replaceable>\n"
"BROADCAST=<replaceable>192.168.1.255</replaceable></literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/\n"
"cat &gt; ifconfig.<replaceable>eth0</replaceable> &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal>ONBOOT=<replaceable>yes</replaceable>\n"
"IFACE=<replaceable>eth0</replaceable>\n"
"SERVICE=<replaceable>ipv4-static</replaceable>\n"
"IP=<replaceable>192.168.1.2</replaceable>\n"
"GATEWAY=<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable>\n"
"PREFIX=<replaceable>24</replaceable>\n"
"BROADCAST=<replaceable>192.168.1.255</replaceable></literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The values in italics must be changed in every file to match the proper "
"setup."
msgstr "您必须修改每个文件中用斜体显示的设定值，使其与您的网络环境相匹配。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"If the <envar>ONBOOT</envar> variable is set to <quote>yes</quote> the "
"System V network script will bring up the Network Interface Card (NIC) "
"during the system boot process. If set to anything but <quote>yes</quote> "
"the NIC will be ignored by the network script and not be automatically "
"brought up.  The interface can be manually started or stopped with the "
"<command>ifup</command> and <command>ifdown</command> commands."
msgstr ""
"如果 <envar>ONBOOT</envar> 变量被设置为<quote>yes</quote>，则 System V 网络脚"
"本会在引导系统时启用该网络接口卡 (NIC)。否则，网络脚本会忽略该 NIC，不自动启"
"用它。您可以使用 <command>ifup</command> 和 <command>ifdown</command> 命令，"
"手动启用或禁用网络接口。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The <envar>IFACE</envar> variable defines the interface name, for example, "
"eth0.  It is required for all network device configuration files. The "
"filename extension must match this value."
msgstr ""
"<envar>IFACE</envar> 变量指定网络接口名，例如 eth0。所有网络设备配置文件都需"
"要它。配置文件扩展名必须与该变量的值相同。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The <envar>SERVICE</envar> variable defines the method used for obtaining "
"the IP address. The LFS-Bootscripts package has a modular IP assignment "
"format, and creating additional files in the <filename class=\"directory\">/"
"lib/services/</filename> directory allows other IP assignment methods. This "
"is commonly used for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), which is "
"addressed in the BLFS book."
msgstr ""
"<envar>SERVICE</envar> 变量定义获取 IP 地址的方法。LFS-Bootscripts 软件包使用"
"模块化 IP 配置格式，在 <filename class=\"directory\">/lib/services/</"
"filename> 目录中新建一些文件，即可使用其他 IP 分配方法，这一般被用于动态主机"
"配置协议 (DHCP) 配置，具体方法在 BLFS 手册中说明。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The <envar>GATEWAY</envar> variable should contain the default gateway IP "
"address, if one is present. If not, then comment out the variable entirely."
msgstr ""
"如果默认网关存在，<envar>GATEWAY</envar> 变量应该包含默认网关的 IP 地址。如果"
"默认网关不存在，应该将这一行完全注释掉。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The <envar>PREFIX</envar> variable contains the number of bits used in the "
"subnet. Each octet in an IP address is 8 bits. If the subnet's netmask is "
"255.255.255.0, then it is using the first three octets (24 bits) to specify "
"the network number. If the netmask is 255.255.255.240, it would be using the "
"first 28 bits.  Prefixes longer than 24 bits are commonly used by DSL and "
"cable-based Internet Service Providers (ISPs).  In this example (PREFIX=24), "
"the netmask is 255.255.255.0. Adjust the <envar>PREFIX</envar> variable "
"according to your specific subnet.  If omitted, the PREFIX defaults to 24."
msgstr ""
"<envar>PREFIX</envar> 变量应该包含子网使用的 IP 地址位数。IP 地址中的每一段都"
"是二进制为 8 位的数，如果子网掩码是 255.255.255.0，说明 IP 地址中前三段 (24 "
"位) 表示子网编号。如果子网掩码是 255.255.255.240，则使用了前 28 位表示子网编"
"号。子网前缀比 24 长的情况一般见于基于 DSL 或同轴电缆的 Internet 服务提供商 "
"(ISP).在我们的例子中，子网掩码是 255.255.255.0。您应该根据您所处的子网调整 "
"<envar>PREFIX</envar> 变量。如果不指定它，则它默认为 24。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "For more information see the <command>ifup</command> man page."
msgstr "参考 <command>ifup</command> 的 man 页面获得更多信息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Creating the /etc/resolv.conf File"
msgstr "创建 /etc/resolv.conf 文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
msgid "/etc/resolv.conf"
msgstr "/etc/resolv.conf"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The system will need some means of obtaining Domain Name Service (DNS) name "
"resolution to resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. "
"This is best achieved by placing the IP address of the DNS server, available "
"from the ISP or network administrator, into <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</"
"filename>. Create the file by running the following:"
msgstr ""
"系统需要某种方式，获取域名服务 (DNS)，以将 Internet 域名解析成 IP 地址，或进"
"行反向解析。为了达到这一目的，最好的方法是将 ISP 或网络管理员提供的 DNS 服务"
"器的 IP 地址写入 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>。执行以下命令创建该文"
"件："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf\n"
"\n"
"domain <replaceable>&lt;Your Domain Name&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"nameserver <replaceable>&lt;IP address of your primary nameserver&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"nameserver <replaceable>&lt;IP address of your secondary nameserver&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"\n"
"# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf\n"
"\n"
"domain <replaceable>&lt;您的域名&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"nameserver <replaceable>&lt;您的主要域名服务器 IP 地址&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"nameserver <replaceable>&lt;您的次要域名服务器 IP 地址&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"\n"
"# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The <varname>domain</varname> statement can be omitted or replaced with a "
"<varname>search</varname> statement.  See the man page for resolv.conf for "
"more details."
msgstr ""
"可以省略 <varname>domain</varname> 语句，或使用一条 <varname>search</"
"varname> 语句代替它。阅读 resolv.conf 的 man 页面了解更多细节。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Replace <replaceable>&lt;IP address of the nameserver&gt;</replaceable> with "
"the IP address of the DNS most appropriate for the setup. There will often "
"be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary servers for fallback "
"capability). If you only need or want one DNS server, remove the second "
"<emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file. The IP address may also "
"be a router on the local network."
msgstr ""
"将 <replaceable>&lt;域名服务器 IP 地址&gt;</replaceable> 替换为您的网络环境下"
"最合适的 DNS 服务器 IP 地址。这里往往会写入不止一个 DNS 服务器 (需要提供后备"
"功能的次要服务器)。如果您只需要或只希望使用一个 DNS 服务器，可以删除文件中的"
"第二个 <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> 行。也可以写入本地路由器的 IP 地址。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
msgid "The Google Public IPv4 DNS addresses are 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4."
msgstr "Google 公用 DNS 服务器的 IP 地址是 8.8.8.8 和 8.8.4.4。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Configuring the system hostname"
msgstr "配置系统主机名"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
msgid "hostname"
msgstr "hostname"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"During the boot process, the file <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> is used "
"for establishing the system's hostname."
msgstr ""
"在引导过程中，<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 被用于设定系统主机名。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a hostname by "
"running:"
msgstr ""
"执行以下命令，创建 <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 文件，并输入一个主机"
"名："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>echo \"<replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable>\" &gt; /etc/hostname</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>echo \"<replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable>\" &gt; /etc/hostname</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"<replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable> needs to be replaced with the name "
"given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) "
"here. That information is put in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file."
msgstr ""
"<replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable> 需要被替换为赋予该计算机的名称。不要在"
"这里输入全限定域名 (FQDN)，它应该被写入 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> 文"
"件。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Customizing the /etc/hosts File"
msgstr "自定义 /etc/hosts 文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary>
msgid "/etc/hosts"
msgstr "/etc/hosts"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
msgid "localnet"
msgstr "localnet"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Decide on the IP address, fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible "
"aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:"
msgstr ""
"选择一个全限定域名 (FQDN) 和可能的别名，以供 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> "
"文件使用。如果使用静态 IP 地址，您还需要确定要使用的 IP 地址。hosts 文件条目"
"的语法是："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>IP_地址 主机名.域名 别名</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., there is a "
"registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses&mdash;most "
"users do not have this), make sure that the IP address is in the private "
"network IP address range. Valid ranges are:"
msgstr ""
"除非该计算机可以从 Internet 访问 (即拥有一个注册域名，并分配了一个有效的 IP "
"地址段 —— 多数用户没有分配有效 IP)，则使用的 IP 地址必须属于私网 IP 范围。有"
"效的范围是："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<literal>Private Network Address Range      Normal Prefix\n"
"10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254           8\n"
"172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254           16\n"
"192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254         24</literal>"
msgstr ""
"<literal>私网地址范围      公共前缀长度10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254           8\n"
"172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254           16\n"
"192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254         24</literal>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the range "
"0-255."
msgstr "x 可以是 16-31 之间的任何数字。y 可以是 0-255 之间的任何数字。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this IP "
"could be lfs.example.org."
msgstr ""
"有效的私网 IP 地址的一个例子是 192.168.1.1。与之对应的 FQDN 可以是 lfs."
"example.org。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.  This is "
"necessary for certain programs to operate correctly."
msgstr "即使没有网卡，也要提供一个有效的 FQDN，某些程序需要它才能正常工作。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:"
msgstr "执行以下命令，创建 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /etc/hosts\n"
"\n"
"127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n"
"127.0.1.1 <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"<replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.1&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>\n"
"::1       localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
"ff02::1   ip6-allnodes\n"
"ff02::2   ip6-allrouters\n"
"\n"
"# End /etc/hosts</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal># Begin /etc/hosts\n"
"\n"
"127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n"
"127.0.1.1 <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable>\n"
"<replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.1&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>\n"
"::1       localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n"
"ff02::1   ip6-allnodes\n"
"ff02::2   ip6-allrouters\n"
"\n"
"# End /etc/hosts</literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The <replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.1&gt;</replaceable>, <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;"
"</replaceable>, and <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> values need "
"to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address "
"by a network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an "
"existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted."
msgstr ""
"其中 <replaceable>&lt;192.168.0.2&gt;</replaceable>，<replaceable>&lt;"
"FQDN&gt;</replaceable>，以及<replaceable>&lt;主机名&gt;</replaceable> 的值需"
"要为特定使用环境和需求进行修改(如果系统或网络管理员分配了 IP 地址，且本机将被"
"连接到现有的网络中)。可以跳过别名 (alias)，它们不是必要的。"