lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter09/locale.po

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#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "Configuring the System Locale"
msgstr "配置系统 Locale"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
msgid "/etc/locale.conf"
msgstr "/etc/locale.conf"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> file below sets some environment "
"variables necessary for native language support. Setting them properly "
"results in:"
msgstr ""
"下面将创建的 <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> 设定本地语言支持需要的若干"
"环境变量，正确设定它们可以带来以下好处："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The output of programs being translated into your native language"
msgstr "程序输出被翻译成本地语言"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"The correct classification of characters into letters, digits and other "
"classes. This is necessary for <command>bash</command> to properly accept "
"non-ASCII characters in command lines in non-English locales"
msgstr ""
"字符被正确分类为字母、数字和其他类别，这对于使 <command>bash</command> 正确接"
"受命令行中的非 ASCII 本地非英文字符来说是必要的"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country"
msgstr "根据所在地区惯例排序字母"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The appropriate default paper size"
msgstr "适用于所在地区的默认纸张尺寸"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid "The correct formatting of monetary, time, and date values"
msgstr "正确格式化货币、时间和日期值"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Replace <replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;</replaceable> below with the two-letter code "
"for your desired language (e.g., <quote>en</quote>) and <replaceable>&lt;"
"CC&gt;</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the appropriate country (e."
"g., <quote>GB</quote>). <replaceable>&lt;charmap&gt;</replaceable> should be "
"replaced with the canonical charmap for your chosen locale. Optional "
"modifiers such as <quote>@euro</quote> may also be present."
msgstr ""
"将下面的 <replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;</replaceable> 替换为所需语言的双字符代号 (例"
"如<quote>en</quote>)，<replaceable>&lt;CC&gt;</replaceable> 替换为国家或地区"
"的双字符代号 (例如<quote>GB</quote>)，<replaceable>&lt;charmap&gt;</"
"replaceable> 替换为您选定的 locale 的标准字符映射。另外，还可以加入 "
"<quote>@euro</quote> 等可选修饰符。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The list of all locales supported by Glibc can be obtained by running the "
"following command:"
msgstr "Glibc 支持的所有 locale 可以用以下命令列出："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>locale -a</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>locale -a</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Charmaps can have a number of aliases, e.g., <quote>ISO-8859-1</quote> is "
"also referred to as <quote>iso8859-1</quote> and <quote>iso88591</quote>.  "
"Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly (e.g., "
"require that <quote>UTF-8</quote> is written as <quote>UTF-8</quote>, not "
"<quote>utf8</quote>), so it is the safest in most cases to choose the "
"canonical name for a particular locale. To determine the canonical name, run "
"the following command, where <replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> "
"is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for your preferred "
"locale (<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> in our example)."
msgstr ""
"字符映射可能有多个别名，例如<quote>ISO-8859-1</quote>也可以称为"
"<quote>iso8859-1</quote>或者<quote>iso88591</quote>。某些程序不能正确处理一些"
"别名 (例如，只识别<quote>UTF-8</quote>，不能识别<quote>utf8</quote>)，因此在"
"多数情况下，为了保险起见，最好使用 locale 的规范名称。为了确定规范名称，执行"
"以下命令，将 <replaceable>&lt;locale 名&gt;</replaceable> 替换成 "
"<command>locale -a</command> 对于您希望的 locale 的输出 (以<quote>en_GB."
"iso88591</quote>为例)。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>LC_ALL=<replaceable>&lt;locale 名&gt;</replaceable> locale charmap</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"For the <quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote> locale, the above command will print:"
msgstr "对于<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote>locale，以上命令输出："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<computeroutput>ISO-8859-1</computeroutput>"
msgstr "<computeroutput>ISO-8859-1</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>.  "
"It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested "
"prior to it being added to the Bash startup files:"
msgstr ""
"这样就最终确定 locale 应设置为<quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>。在将以上启发方"
"法获得的 locale 添加到 Bash 启动文件之前，一定要进行下列测试："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale language\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale charmap\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale int_curr_symbol\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale name&gt; locale int_prefix</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>LC_ALL=&lt;locale 名&gt; locale language\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale 名&gt; locale charmap\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale 名&gt; locale int_curr_symbol\n"
"LC_ALL=&lt;locale 名&gt; locale int_prefix</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The above commands should print the language name, the character encoding "
"used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial before the "
"telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the commands "
"above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means that "
"your locale was either not installed in Chapter&nbsp;6 or is not supported "
"by the default installation of Glibc."
msgstr ""
"以上命令应该输出语言名称，选定 locale 使用的字符编码，本地货币符号，以及所在"
"国家或地区的国际电话区号。如果以上某个命令失败并输出类似下面这样的消息，意味"
"着您的 locale 在第 6 章中没有安装，或者不被 Glibc 的默认安装支持。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput>"
msgstr "<computeroutput>locale: Cannot set LC_* to default locale: No such file or directory</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using the "
"<command>localedef</command> command, or consider choosing a different "
"locale.  Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages "
"from Glibc."
msgstr ""
"如果出现了这种消息，您应该用 <command>localedef</command> 命令安装所需的 "
"locale，或重新选择一个不同的 locale。后文假设 Glibc 没有输出类似错误消息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Some packages beyond LFS may also lack support for your chosen locale. One "
"example is the X library (part of the X Window System), which outputs the "
"following error message if the locale does not exactly match one of the "
"character map names in its internal files:"
msgstr ""
"某些 LFS 以外的软件包可能缺乏对您选择的 locale 的支持，例如 X 库 (X 窗口系统"
"的一部分)，它在您的 locale 与它内部文件中的字符映射表名不完全匹配时，会输出以"
"下错误消息："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<computeroutput>Warning: locale not supported by Xlib, locale set to C</computeroutput>"
msgstr "<computeroutput>Warning: locale not supported by Xlib, locale set to C</computeroutput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"In several cases Xlib expects that the character map will be listed in "
"uppercase notation with canonical dashes. For instance, \"ISO-8859-1\" "
"rather than \"iso88591\". It is also possible to find an appropriate "
"specification by removing the charmap part of the locale specification.  "
"This can be checked by running the <command>locale charmap</command> command "
"in both locales.  For example, one would have to change \"de_DE."
"ISO-8859-15@euro\" to \"de_DE@euro\" in order to get this locale recognized "
"by Xlib."
msgstr ""
"某些情况下 Xlib 期望字符映射以带有规范连字符的大写形式给出，例如应该使用 "
"“ISO-8859-1”而不是“iso88591”。有时也可以通过去除 locale 规范中的字符映射部分"
"找到合适的规范，可以通过运行 <command>locale charmap</command> 确认。例如，您"
"需要将“de_DE.ISO-8859-15@euro”替换成“de_DE@euro”，以获得 Xlib 能够识别的 "
"locale。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily "
"display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their "
"expectations.  In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions "
"support your locale might provide some useful information."
msgstr ""
"其他软件包在 locale 名不符合它们的期望时可能工作不正常(但未必输出错误消息)。"
"在这种情况下，探索一下其他 Linux 发行版是如何支持您的 locale 的，可以得到一些"
"有用的信息。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the <filename>/"
"etc/locale.conf</filename> file:"
msgstr ""
"在确定了正确的 locale 设置后，创建 <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> 文"
"件："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/locale.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal>LANG=<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable></literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/locale.conf &lt;&lt; \"EOF\"\n"
"<literal>LANG=<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable></literal>\n"
"EOF</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Note that you can modify <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> with the "
"systemd <command>localectl</command> utility. To use <command>localectl</"
"command> for the example above, run:"
msgstr ""
"您也可以使用 systemd 的 <command>localectl</command> 工具修改 <filename>/etc/"
"locale.conf</filename>。如果希望使用 <command>localectl</command> 创建以上例"
"子中的 <filename>locale.conf</filename>，运行："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>localectl set-locale LANG=\"<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable>\"</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>localectl set-locale LANG=\"<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable>\"</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"You can also specify other language specific environment variables such as "
"<envar>LANG</envar>, <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>, <envar>LC_NUMERIC</envar> or "
"any other environment variable from <command>locale</command> output. Just "
"separate them with a space. An example where <envar>LANG</envar> is set as "
"en_US.UTF-8 but <envar>LC_CTYPE</envar> is set as just en_US is:"
msgstr ""
"您也可以指定其他语言相关的环境变量，例如 <envar>LANG</envar>，"
"<envar>LC_CTYPE</envar>，<envar>LC_NUMERIC</envar>，或 <command>locale</"
"command> 输出的其他环境变量，用空格将它们分割即可。例如，将 <envar>LANG</"
"envar> 设置为 en_US.UTF-8，<envar>LC_CTYPE</envar> 设置为 en_US："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>localectl set-locale LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\" LC_CTYPE=\"en_US\"</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput>localectl set-locale LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\" LC_CTYPE=\"en_US\"</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para>
msgid ""
"Please note that the <command>localectl</command> command can be used only "
"on a system booted with systemd."
msgstr ""
"请注意 <command>localectl</command> 只能在使用 systemd 引导的系统中使用。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"The <quote>C</quote> (default) and <quote>en_US</quote> (the recommended one "
"for United States English users) locales are different. <quote>C</quote> "
"uses the US-ASCII 7-bit character set, and treats bytes with the high bit "
"set as invalid characters. That's why, e.g., the <command>ls</command> "
"command substitutes them with question marks in that locale. Also, an "
"attempt to send mail with such characters from Mutt or Pine results in non-"
"RFC-conforming messages being sent (the charset in the outgoing mail is "
"indicated as <quote>unknown 8-bit</quote>). It's suggested that you use the "
"<quote>C</quote> locale only if you are certain that you will never need 8-"
"bit characters."
msgstr ""
"<quote>C</quote> (默认 locale) 和<quote>en_US</quote>(推荐美式英语用户使用的 "
"locale) 是不同的。<quote>C</quote> locale 使用 US-ASCII 7 位字符集，并且将最"
"高位为 1 的字节视为无效字符。因此，<command>ls</command> 等命令会将它们替换为"
"问号。另外，如果试图用 Mutt 或 Pine 发送包含这些字符的邮件，会发出不符合 RFC "
"标准的消息 (发出邮件的字符集会被标为<quote>未知 8 位</quote>)。因此，您只能在"
"确信自己永远不会使用 8 位字符时才能使用<quote>C</quote> locale。"