lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter08/shadow.po

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info><address>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:14
#, no-wrap
msgid "&shadow-url;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:12
msgid ""
"<productname>shadow</productname> "
"<productnumber>&shadow-version;</productnumber> <placeholder "
"type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:17
msgid "Shadow-&shadow-version;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:20
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:139
msgid "Shadow"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:26
msgid "The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure way."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:30
msgid "&buildtime;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:31
msgid "&diskspace;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:34
msgid "&shadow-fin-sbu;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:35
msgid "&shadow-fin-du;"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:42
msgid "Installation of Shadow"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:45
msgid ""
"If you would like to enforce the use of strong passwords, refer to <ulink "
"url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/cracklib.html\"/> for installing CrackLib prior to "
"building Shadow. Then add <parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> to the "
"<command>configure</command> command below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:52
msgid ""
"Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program and its "
"man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also, prevent the "
"installation of manual pages that were already installed in <xref "
"linkend=\"ch-system-man-pages\"/>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:57
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\\.1 / /'   {} \\;\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\\.3 / /' {} \\;\n"
"find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\\.5 / /'   {} "
"\\;</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:62
msgid ""
"Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the more "
"secure <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> method of password encryption, which "
"also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to "
"change the obsolete <filename class=\"directory\">/var/spool/mail</filename> "
"location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename "
"class=\"directory\">/var/mail</filename> location used currently:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:70
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD "
"SHA512:' \\\n"
"    -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:'                 \\\n"
"    -i etc/login.defs</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:75
msgid "If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:77
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput>sed -i 's:DICTPATH.*:DICTPATH\\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict:' "
"etc/login.defs</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:80
msgid ""
"Make a minor change to make the first group number generated by useradd "
"1000:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:83
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:85
msgid "Prepare Shadow for compilation:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:87
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput remap=\"configure\">touch /usr/bin/passwd\n"
"./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \\\n"
"            --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:92
msgid "The meaning of the configure option:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:95
msgid "<command>touch /usr/bin/passwd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:97
msgid ""
"The file <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename> needs to exist because its "
"location is harcoded in some programs, and the default location if it does "
"not exist is not right."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:103
msgid "<parameter>--with-group-name-max-length=32</parameter>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:105
msgid ""
"The maximum user name is 32 characters.  Make the maximum group name the "
"same."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:112
msgid "Compile the package:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:114
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">make</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:116
msgid "This package does not come with a test suite."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:118
msgid "Install the package:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:120
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">make install</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:136
msgid "Configuring Shadow"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:140
msgid "configuring"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:143
msgid ""
"This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and groups; "
"set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative tasks. For "
"a full explanation of what <emphasis>password shadowing</emphasis> means, "
"see the <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename> file within the unpacked source "
"tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need to "
"verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.)  must "
"be Shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with shadowed "
"passwords."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:152
msgid "To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>pwconv</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:156
msgid "To enable shadowed group passwords, run:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:158
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>grpconv</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:160
msgid ""
"Shadow's stock configuration for the <command>useradd</command> utility has "
"a few caveats that need some explanation. First, the default action for the "
"<command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and a group of the "
"same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) "
"numbers will begin with 1000. This means if you don't pass parameters to "
"<command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a unique group on "
"the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need to pass the "
"<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter to <command>useradd</command>. The "
"default parameters are stored in the "
"<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file. You may need to modify two "
"parameters in this file to suit your particular needs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:173
msgid "<filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> Parameter Explanations"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:176
msgid "<parameter>GROUP=1000</parameter>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:178
msgid ""
"This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the "
"/etc/group file. You can modify it to anything you desire. Note that "
"<command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number "
"identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number "
"after this. Note also that if you don't have a group 1000 on your system the "
"first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the "
"<parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, you'll get a message displayed on the "
"terminal that says: <computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID "
"1000</computeroutput>. You may disregard this message and group number 1000 "
"will be used."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:191
msgid "<parameter>CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes</parameter>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:193
msgid ""
"This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a mailbox file "
"for the newly created user. <command>useradd</command> will make the group "
"ownership of this file to the <systemitem "
"class=\"groupname\">mail</systemitem> group with 0660 permissions. If you "
"would prefer that these mailbox files are not created by "
"<command>useradd</command>, issue the following command:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:201
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:211
msgid "Setting the root password"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:213
msgid "Choose a password for user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and set it by running:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:216
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput>passwd root</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:221
msgid "Contents of Shadow"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:224
msgid "Installed programs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:225
msgid "Installed directory"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:228
msgid ""
"chage, chfn, chgpasswd, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, "
"groupdel, groupmems, groupmod, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, "
"logoutd, newgidmap, newgrp, newuidmap, newusers, nologin, passwd, pwck, "
"pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), su, useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr "
"(link to vipw), and vipw"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:233
msgid "/etc/default"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:238
msgid "Short Descriptions"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:239
msgid "<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:243
msgid "<command>chage</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:245
msgid ""
"Used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory password "
"changes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:248
msgid "chage"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:254
msgid "<command>chfn</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:256
msgid "Used to change a user's full name and other information"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:258
msgid "chfn"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:264
msgid "<command>chgpasswd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:266
msgid "Used to update group passwords in batch mode"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:268
msgid "chgpasswd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:274
msgid "<command>chpasswd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:276
msgid "Used to update user passwords in batch mode"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:278
msgid "chpasswd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:284
msgid "<command>chsh</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:286
msgid "Used to change a user's default login shell"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:288
msgid "chsh"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:294
msgid "<command>expiry</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:296
msgid "Checks and enforces the current password expiration policy"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:298
msgid "expiry"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:304
msgid "<command>faillog</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:306
msgid ""
"Is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum number of "
"failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the failure count"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:310
msgid "faillog"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:316
msgid "<command>gpasswd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:318
msgid "Is used to add and delete members and administrators to groups"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:321
msgid "gpasswd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:327
msgid "<command>groupadd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:329
msgid "Creates a group with the given name"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:331
msgid "groupadd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:337
msgid "<command>groupdel</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:339
msgid "Deletes the group with the given name"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:341
msgid "groupdel"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:347
msgid "<command>groupmems</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:349
msgid ""
"Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list without the "
"requirement of super user privileges."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:352
msgid "groupmems"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:358
msgid "<command>groupmod</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:360
msgid "Is used to modify the given group's name or GID"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:362
msgid "groupmod"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:368
msgid "<command>grpck</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:370
msgid ""
"Verifies the integrity of the group files <filename>/etc/group</filename> "
"and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:374
msgid "grpck"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:380
msgid "<command>grpconv</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:382
msgid "Creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal group file"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:385
msgid "grpconv"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:391
msgid "<command>grpunconv</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:393
msgid ""
"Updates <filename>/etc/group</filename> from "
"<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> and then deletes the latter"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:396
msgid "grpunconv"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:402
msgid "<command>lastlog</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:404
msgid "Reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:407
msgid "lastlog"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:413
msgid "<command>login</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:415
msgid "Is used by the system to let users sign on"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:417
msgid "login"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:423
msgid "<command>logoutd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:425
msgid "Is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time and ports"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:428
msgid "logoutd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:434
msgid "<command>newgidmap</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:436
msgid "Is used to set the gid mapping of a user namespace"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:438
msgid "newgidmap"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:444
msgid "<command>newgrp</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:446
msgid "Is used to change the current GID during a login session"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:448
msgid "newgrp"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:454
msgid "<command>newuidmap</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:456
msgid "Is used to set the uid mapping of a user namespace"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:458
msgid "newuidmap"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:464
msgid "<command>newusers</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:466
msgid "Is used to create or update an entire series of user accounts"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:469
msgid "newusers"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:475
msgid "<command>nologin</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:477
msgid ""
"Displays a message that an account is not available; it is designed to be "
"used as the default shell for accounts that have been disabled"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:481
msgid "nologin"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:487
msgid "<command>passwd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:489
msgid "Is used to change the password for a user or group account"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:491
msgid "passwd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:497
msgid "<command>pwck</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:499
msgid ""
"Verifies the integrity of the password files "
"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:503
msgid "pwck"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:509
msgid "<command>pwconv</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:511
msgid "Creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal password file"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:514
msgid "pwconv"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:520
msgid "<command>pwunconv</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:522
msgid ""
"Updates <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> from "
"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and then deletes the latter"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:525
msgid "pwunconv"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:531
msgid "<command>sg</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:533
msgid ""
"Executes a given command while the user's GID is set to that of the given "
"group"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:536
msgid "sg"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:542
msgid "<command>su</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:544
msgid "Runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:546
msgid "su"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:552
msgid "<command>useradd</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:554
msgid ""
"Creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default new-user "
"information"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:557
msgid "useradd"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:563
msgid "<command>userdel</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:565
msgid "Deletes the given user account"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:567
msgid "userdel"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:573
msgid "<command>usermod</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:575
msgid ""
"Is used to modify the given user's login name, User Identification (UID), "
"shell, initial group, home directory, etc."
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:578
msgid "usermod"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:584
msgid "<command>vigr</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:586
msgid ""
"Edits the <filename>/etc/group</filename> or "
"<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:589
msgid "vigr"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:595
msgid "<command>vipw</command>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:597
msgid ""
"Edits the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> or "
"<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> files"
msgstr ""

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter08/shadow.xml:600
msgid "vipw"
msgstr ""