lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter08/systemd.po

msgid ""
msgstr ""
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-13 18:05+0800\n"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info><address>
#, no-wrap
msgid "&systemd-url;"
msgstr "&systemd-url;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect1info>
msgid ""
"<productname>systemd</productname> <productnumber>&systemd-version;</"
"productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"
msgstr ""
"<productname>systemd</productname> <productnumber>&systemd-version;</"
"productnumber> <placeholder type=\"address\" id=\"0\"/>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "Systemd-&systemd-version;"
msgstr "Systemd-&systemd-version;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd"
msgstr "systemd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup, running, "
"and shutdown of the system."
msgstr "Systemd 软件包包含控制系统引导、运行和关闭的程序。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "&buildtime;"
msgstr "&buildtime;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "&diskspace;"
msgstr "&diskspace;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid "&systemd-fin-sbu;"
msgstr "&systemd-fin-sbu;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid "&systemd-fin-du;"
msgstr "&systemd-fin-du;"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Installation of systemd"
msgstr "安装 systemd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Create a symlink to work around the xsltproc command not being installed:"
msgstr "创建一个符号链接，绕过本书不会安装的 xsltproc："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"pre\">ln -sf /bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Set up the man pages:"
msgstr "设定好 man 页面："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">tar -xf ../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"pre\">tar -xf ../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:"
msgstr "删除在 chroot 环境中无法构建的测试："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed '177,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed '177,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Remove an unneeded group, <systemitem class=\"groupname\">render</"
"systemitem>, from the default udev rules:"
msgstr ""
"从默认的 udev 规则中删除不必要的组 <systemitem class=\"groupname\">render</"
"systemitem>："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/GROUP=\"render\", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"pre\">sed -i 's/GROUP=\"render\", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Prepare systemd for compilation:"
msgstr "准备安装 systemd："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<userinput remap=\"configure\">mkdir -p build\n"
"cd       build\n"
"\n"
"LANG=en_US.UTF-8                    \\\n"
"meson --prefix=/usr                 \\\n"
"      --sysconfdir=/etc             \\\n"
"      --localstatedir=/var          \\\n"
"      -Dblkid=true                  \\\n"
"      -Dbuildtype=release           \\\n"
"      -Ddefault-dnssec=no           \\\n"
"      -Dfirstboot=false             \\\n"
"      -Dinstall-tests=false         \\\n"
"      -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod         \\\n"
"      -Dldconfig=false              \\\n"
"      -Dmount-path=/bin/mount       \\\n"
"      -Drootprefix=                 \\\n"
"      -Drootlibdir=/lib             \\\n"
"      -Dsplit-usr=true              \\\n"
"      -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin  \\\n"
"      -Dsysusers=false              \\\n"
"      -Dumount-path=/bin/umount     \\\n"
"      -Db_lto=false                 \\\n"
"      -Drpmmacrosdir=no             \\\n"
"      -Dhomed=false                 \\\n"
"      -Duserdb=false                \\\n"
"      -Dman=true                    \\\n"
"      ..</userinput>"
msgstr ""
"<userinput remap=\"configure\">mkdir -p build\n"
"cd       build\n"
"\n"
"LANG=en_US.UTF-8                    \\\n"
"meson --prefix=/usr                 \\\n"
"      --sysconfdir=/etc             \\\n"
"      --localstatedir=/var          \\\n"
"      -Dblkid=true                  \\\n"
"      -Dbuildtype=release           \\\n"
"      -Ddefault-dnssec=no           \\\n"
"      -Dfirstboot=false             \\\n"
"      -Dinstall-tests=false         \\\n"
"      -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod         \\\n"
"      -Dldconfig=false              \\\n"
"      -Dmount-path=/bin/mount       \\\n"
"      -Drootprefix=                 \\\n"
"      -Drootlibdir=/lib             \\\n"
"      -Dsplit-usr=true              \\\n"
"      -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin  \\\n"
"      -Dsysusers=false              \\\n"
"      -Dumount-path=/bin/umount     \\\n"
"      -Db_lto=false                 \\\n"
"      -Drpmmacrosdir=no             \\\n"
"      -Dhomed=false                 \\\n"
"      -Duserdb=false                \\\n"
"      -Dman=true                    \\\n"
"      ..</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><title>
msgid "The meaning of the meson options:"
msgstr "meson 选项的含义："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-D*-path=*</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-D*-path=*</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"These switches provide the location of binaries needed by systemd at runtime "
"that have not yet been installed."
msgstr "这些开关提供了 systemd 在运行时需要，但尚未安装的二进制程序的位置。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support."
msgstr "这个开关禁用实验性的 DNSSEC 支持。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This switch prevents installation of systemd services responsible for "
"setting up the system for the first time. They are not useful for LFS "
"because everything is done manually."
msgstr ""
"这个开关防止 systemd 安装用于初始化设定系统的服务。在 LFS 中所有工作都会手工"
"完成，因此不需要它们。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests."
msgstr "这个开关防止 systemd 安装编译好的测试文件。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs "
"<command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source "
"distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it if the "
"described feature is desired."
msgstr ""
"这个开关防止一个 systemd 单元的安装，它在引导时运行 <command>ldconfig</"
"command>，这对于 LFS 等源代码发行版来说没有意义，还会增加引导时间。如果您需要"
"这个功能，可以删除这个开关。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-Droot*</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-Droot*</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"These switches ensure that core programs and shared libraries are installed "
"in subdirectories of the root partition."
msgstr "这个开关保证核心程序和共享库被安装到根分区下的子目录中。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-Dsplit-usr=true</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-Dsplit-usr=true</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This switch ensures that systemd will work on systems where /bin, /lib and /"
"sbin directories are not symlinks to their /usr counterparts."
msgstr ""
"这个开关确保 systemd 能够在 /bin、/lib 和 /sbin 目录不是指向 /usr 中对应目录"
"的符号链接的情况下工作。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This switch prevents installation of systemd services responsible for "
"setting up the <filename>/etc/group</filename> and <filename>/etc/passwd</"
"filename> files. Both files were created earlier in this chapter."
msgstr ""
"这个开关防止 systemd 安装负责设定 <filename>/etc/group</filename> 和 "
"<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 文件的服务。我们在上一章已经创建了这两个文"
"件。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"This switch disables installation of RPM Macros for use with systemd because "
"LFS does not support RPM."
msgstr "该选项禁止安装用于 systemd 的 RPM 宏，因为 LFS 并不支持 RPM。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter>"
msgstr "<parameter>-D{userdb,homed}=false</parameter>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Remove two daemons that have dependencies that do not fit the scope of LFS."
msgstr "移除两个守护程序，它们的依赖项超出了 LFS 的范围。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Compile the package:"
msgstr "编译该软件包："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"make\">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"make\">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Install the package:"
msgstr "安装该软件包："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Remove an unnecessary symbolic link:"
msgstr "删除一个不再必要的符号链接："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"install\">rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"install\">rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by "
"<command>systemd-journald</command>:"
msgstr ""
"创建 <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> 文件，<command>systemd-journald</"
"command>需要它："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"adjust\">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"adjust\">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid "Setup the basic target structure:"
msgstr "设定启动目标单元的基本结构："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"adjust\">systemctl preset-all</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"adjust\">systemctl preset-all</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Disable a service that is known to cause problems with systems that use a "
"network configuration other than what is provided by systemd-networkd:"
msgstr ""
"已知一个服务单元会导致并非由 systemd-networkd 提供网络配置的系统出现问题，禁"
"用它："

#.  Observed halting startup with dhcpcd handling the primary NIC 
#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"adjust\">systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"adjust\">systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Prevent systemd from resetting the maximum PID value which causes some "
"problems with packages and units in BLFS:"
msgstr ""
"防止 systemd 重设最大 PID 值，它会导致 BLFS 中一些软件包和单元出现问题："

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen>
#, no-wrap
msgid "<userinput remap=\"adjust\">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput>"
msgstr "<userinput remap=\"adjust\">rm -f /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-pid-max.conf</userinput>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Contents of systemd"
msgstr "systemd 的内容"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "Installed programs"
msgstr "安装的程序"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "Installed libraries"
msgstr "安装的库"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><segtitle>
msgid "Installed directories"
msgstr "安装的目录"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid ""
"bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl), hostnamectl, "
"init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl, machinectl, "
"networkctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to systemctl), reboot (symlink to "
"systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel "
"(symlink to systemctl), shutdown (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-"
"analyze, systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop, "
"systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb, systemd-"
"id128, systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup, systemd-mount, systemd-"
"notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path, systemd-repart, systemd-resolve "
"(symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run, systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-"
"bridge, systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, systemd-umount "
"(symlink to systemd-mount), telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and "
"udevadm"
msgstr ""
"bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (到 systemctl 的符号链接), hostnamectl, "
"init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl, machinectl, "
"networkctl, portablectl, poweroff (到 systemctl 的符号链接), reboot (到 "
"systemctl 的符号链接), resolvconf (到 resolvectl 的符号链接), resolvectl, "
"runlevel (到 systemctl 的符号链接), shutdown (到 systemctl 的符号链接), "
"systemctl, systemd-analyze, systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, "
"systemd-cgtop, systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt, systemd-escape, systemd-"
"hwdb, systemd-id128, systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup, systemd-"
"mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path, systemd-repart, systemd-"
"resolve (到 resolvectl 的符号链接), systemd-run, systemd-socket-activate, "
"systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, "
"systemd-umount (到 systemd-mount 的符号链接), telinit (到 systemctl 的符号链"
"接), timedatectl, 以及 udevadm"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
msgid ""
"libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2, libnss_resolve.so.2, "
"libnss_systemd.so.2, libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so "
"(in /lib/systemd), and libudev.so"
msgstr ""
"libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2, libnss_resolve.so.2, "
"libnss_systemd.so.2, libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so "
"(在 /lib/systemd 中), 以及 libudev.so"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><segmentedlist><seglistitem><seg>
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
"/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d, /etc/sysctl."
"d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev, /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/"
"systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd, /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/"
"environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /"
"usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d, /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-"
"version;, /usr/share/factory, /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/"
"log/journal"
msgstr ""
"/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d, /etc/sysctl."
"d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev, /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/"
"systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd, /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/"
"environment.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d, /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /"
"usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d, /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-"
"version;, /usr/share/factory, /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, 以及 /var/"
"log/journal"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><bridgehead>
msgid "Short Descriptions"
msgstr "简要描述"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist>
msgid ""
"<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"
msgstr ""
"<?dbfo list-presentation=\"list\"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation=\"table\"?>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>bootctl</command>"
msgstr "<command>bootctl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to query the firmware and boot manager settings"
msgstr "用于查询固件和启动管理器设置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "bootctl"
msgstr "bootctl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>busctl</command>"
msgstr "<command>busctl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus"
msgstr "用于探查和监视 D-bus 总线"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "busctl"
msgstr "busctl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>coredumpctl</command>"
msgstr "<command>coredumpctl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal"
msgstr "用于从 systemd 日志获取核心转储"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "coredumpctl"
msgstr "coredumpctl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>halt</command>"
msgstr "<command>halt</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the <parameter>-h</"
"parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0, then it tells the "
"kernel to halt the system; it notes in the file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</"
"filename> that the system is being brought down"
msgstr ""
"一般调用 <command>shutdown</command> 命令并传递 <parameter>-h</parameter> 选"
"项，除非在运行级别已经为 0 时，则通知内核停止系统；在系统停止运行时它在 "
"<filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> 中进行记录"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "halt"
msgstr "halt"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>hostnamectl</command>"
msgstr "<command>hostnamectl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to query and change the system hostname and related settings"
msgstr "用于查询和修改系统机器名和相关设置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "hostnamectl"
msgstr "hostnamectl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>init</command>"
msgstr "<command>init</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is the first process to be started when the kernel has initialized the "
"hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all processes "
"according to its configuration files. In this case, it starts systemd."
msgstr ""
"在内核初始化硬件后第一个启动的进程，它接管引导过程，并根据它的配置文件启动所"
"有进程。在本例中，它启动 systemd。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "init"
msgstr "init"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>journalctl</command>"
msgstr "<command>journalctl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to query the contents of the systemd journal"
msgstr "用于查询 systemd 日志的内容"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "journalctl"
msgstr "journalctl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>kernel-install</command>"
msgstr "<command>kernel-install</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and from /boot. In "
"LFS, this is done manually."
msgstr ""
"用于在 /boot 中添加或删除内核和 initramfs 映像文件。在 LFS 中，这项工作是手工"
"完成的。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "kernel-install"
msgstr "kernel-install"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>localectl</command>"
msgstr "<command>localectl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout settings"
msgstr "用于查询和修改系统 locale 和键盘布局设置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "localectl"
msgstr "localectl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>loginctl</command>"
msgstr "<command>loginctl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login Manager"
msgstr "用于探查和控制 systemd 登录管理器的状态"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "loginctl"
msgstr "loginctl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>machinectl</command>"
msgstr "<command>machinectl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual Machine "
"and Container Registration Manager"
msgstr "用于探查和控制 systemd 虚拟机和容器注册管理器的状态"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "machinectl"
msgstr "machinectl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>networkctl</command>"
msgstr "<command>networkctl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to introspect and configure the state of the network links "
"configured by systemd-networkd"
msgstr "用于探查和配置 systemd-networkd 管理的网络连接状态"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "networkctl"
msgstr "networkctl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>portablectl</command>"
msgstr "<command>portablectl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to attach or detach portable services from the local system"
msgstr "用于在本地系统附加或移除可移植服务"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "portablectl"
msgstr "portablectl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>poweroff</command>"
msgstr "<command>poweroff</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Instructs the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer (see "
"<command>halt</command>)"
msgstr "告诉内核停止系统运行并关闭计算机 (见 <command>halt</command>)"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "poweroff"
msgstr "poweroff"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>reboot</command>"
msgstr "<command>reboot</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Instructs the kernel to reboot the system (see <command>halt</command>)"
msgstr "告诉内核重启系统 (见 <command>halt</command>)"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "reboot"
msgstr "reboot"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>resolvconf</command>"
msgstr "<command>resolvconf</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Registers DNS server and domain configuration with <command>systemd-"
"resolved</command>"
msgstr "为 <command>systemd-resolved</command> 注册 DNS 服务器和域设置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "resolvconf"
msgstr "resolvconf"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>resolvectl</command>"
msgstr "<command>resolvectl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Sends control commands to the network name resolution manager, or resolves "
"domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS records, and services."
msgstr ""
"向网络名称解析管理器发送控制命令，或解析域名，IPv4 和 IPv6 地址，DNS 记录，以"
"及服务。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "resolvectl"
msgstr "resolvectl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>runlevel</command>"
msgstr "<command>runlevel</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Outputs the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the last run-"
"level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename>"
msgstr ""
"报告当前系统运行级别和上一个运行级别，上一个运行级别被记录在 <filename>/var/"
"run/utmp</filename> 中"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "runlevel"
msgstr "runlevel"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>shutdown</command>"
msgstr "<command>shutdown</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Brings the system down in a safe and secure manner, signaling all processes "
"and notifying all logged-in users"
msgstr "安全地关闭系统，向所有进程发送信号，并通知所有登录用户"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "shutdown"
msgstr "shutdown"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemctl</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemctl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system and "
"service manager"
msgstr "用于探查和控制 systemd 系统和服务管理器的状态"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemctl"
msgstr "systemctl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-analyze</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-analyze</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to determine system startup performance of the current boot, as well "
"as identify troublesome systemd units"
msgstr "用于分析当前运行系统的引导性能，找出导致问题的 systemd 单元"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-analyze"
msgstr "systemd-analyze"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-ask-password</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-ask-password</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to query a system password or passphrase from the user, using a "
"question message specified on the command line"
msgstr "用于以命令行指定的消息向用户询问系统密码"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-ask-password"
msgstr "systemd-ask-password"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-cat</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-cat</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to connect the STDOUT and STDERR outputs of a process with the "
"systemd journal."
msgstr "用于将进程的标准输出和错误输出重定向到系统日志"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-cat"
msgstr "systemd-cat"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-cgls</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-cgls</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control group hierarchy "
"in a tree"
msgstr "用树的形式递归地显示指定 Linux 控制组层次结构的内容"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-cgls"
msgstr "systemd-cgls"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-cgtop</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-cgtop</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group hierarchy, "
"ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load"
msgstr ""
"显示本地 Linux 控制组层次结构中占用资源最多的，可以按 CPU 、内存和磁盘 I/O 负"
"载排序"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-cgtop"
msgstr "systemd-cgtop"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-delta</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-delta</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to identify and compare configuration files in <filename class="
"\"directory\">/etc</filename> that override default counterparts in "
"<filename class=\"directory\">/usr</filename>"
msgstr ""
"用于确定并比较那些覆盖了 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr</filename> 中默认"
"值的 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc</filename> 中的配置文件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-delta"
msgstr "systemd-delta"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-detect-virt</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-detect-virt</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Detects whether the system is being run in a virtual environment, and "
"adjusts udev accordingly."
msgstr "确定系统是否在虚拟化环境中运行，并据此调节 udev。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-detect-virt"
msgstr "systemd-detect-virt"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-escape</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-escape</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit names"
msgstr "用于转义字符串，以便将其包含在 systemd 单元名中"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-escape"
msgstr "systemd-escape"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-hwdb</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-hwdb</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to manage the hardware database (hwdb)"
msgstr "用于管理硬件数据库 (hwdb)"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-hwdb"
msgstr "systemd-hwdb"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-id128</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-id128</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Generates and prints id128 strings"
msgstr "生成和打印 id128 串"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-id128"
msgstr "systemd-id128"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-inhibit</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-inhibit</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle inhibitor lock "
"taken, preventing an action such as a system shutdown until the process is "
"completed."
msgstr ""
"用于在关机、休眠或待机抑制锁被锁定的情况下运行程序，在进程结束前防止关闭系统"
"等动作。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-inhibit"
msgstr "systemd-inhibit"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID stored in "
"<filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a randomly "
"generated ID"
msgstr ""
"被系统安装工具用于在安装时以随机生成的 ID 初始化 <filename>/etc/machine-id</"
"filename> 中的机器 ID"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-machine-id-setup"
msgstr "systemd-machine-id-setup"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-mount</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-mount</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to temporarily mount or automount disks."
msgstr "一个用于临时挂载或自动挂载驱动器的工具。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-mount"
msgstr "systemd-mount"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-notify</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-notify</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status changes"
msgstr "被守护脚本用于通知 init 系统关于状态变化的信息"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-notify"
msgstr "systemd-notify"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-nspawn</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-nspawn</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace container"
msgstr "用于在轻量级命名空间容器中运行命令或操作系统"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-nspawn"
msgstr "systemd-nspawn"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-path</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-path</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to query system and user paths"
msgstr "用于查询系统和用户路径"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-path"
msgstr "systemd-path"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-repart</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-repart</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to grow and add partitions to a partition table when systemd is used "
"in an OS image (e.g. a container)."
msgstr ""
"在 systemd 被作为 OS 映像使用 (例如在容器中) 时，用于在分区表中添加分区或增长"
"分区大小。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-repart"
msgstr "systemd-repart"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-resolve</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-resolve</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS resource "
"records, and services"
msgstr "用于解析域名，IPv4 和 IPv6 地址，DNS 资源记录，以及服务"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-resolve"
msgstr "systemd-resolve"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-run</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-run</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope unit and run "
"the specified command in it. This is useful for validating systemd units."
msgstr ""
"用于创建一个临时的 .service 或 .scope 单元，并在其中运行指定命令。这对于验证 "
"systemd 单元很有用。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-run"
msgstr "systemd-run"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-socket-activate</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-socket-activate</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is used to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon a successful "
"connection to the socket."
msgstr "用于监听 socket 服务，并在 socket 成功连接时启动进程。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-socket-activate"
msgstr "systemd-socket-activate"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories, "
"based on the configuration file format and location specified in <filename "
"class=\"directory\">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories"
msgstr ""
"根据 <filename class=\"directory\">tmpfiles.d</filename> 目录中的配置文件给定"
"的文件格式和位置，创建、修改和清理易失性、临时性文件和目录"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-tmpfiles"
msgstr "systemd-tmpfiles"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-umount</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-umount</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Unmounts mount points"
msgstr "卸载挂载点"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-umount"
msgstr "systemd-umount"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command>"
msgstr "<command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to list and/or process pending systemd password requests"
msgstr "列出或处理等待中的 systemd 密码请求"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "systemd-tty-ask-password-agent"
msgstr "systemd-tty-ask-password-agent"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>telinit</command>"
msgstr "<command>telinit</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to"
msgstr "告诉 <command>init</command> 切换到某个运行级别"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "telinit"
msgstr "telinit"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>timedatectl</command>"
msgstr "<command>timedatectl</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is used to query and change the system clock and its settings"
msgstr "用于查询和修改系统时钟及其设置"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "timedatectl"
msgstr "timedatectl"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<command>udevadm</command>"
msgstr "<command>udevadm</command>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"Is a generic udev administration tool which controls the udevd daemon, "
"provides info from the Udev hardware database, monitors uevents, waits for "
"uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and triggers uevents for a "
"given device"
msgstr ""
"通用 udev 管理工具，它控制 udevd 守护进程，提供 udev 数据库的信息，监视 "
"uevent 事件，等待 uevent 事件结束，测试 udev 配置，或对于给定设备触发 uevent "
"事件"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "udevadm"
msgstr "udevadm"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<filename class=\"libraryfile\">libsystemd</filename>"
msgstr "<filename class=\"libraryfile\">libsystemd</filename>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is the main systemd utility library"
msgstr "主要的 systemd 工具库"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "libsystemd"
msgstr "libsystemd"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
msgid "<filename class=\"libraryfile\">libudev</filename>"
msgstr "<filename class=\"libraryfile\">libudev</filename>"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
msgid "Is a library to access Udev device information"
msgstr "用于访问 udev 设备信息的库"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><indexterm><primary>
msgid "libudev"
msgstr "libudev"